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# System prepended metadata

title: CV名詞解釋
tags: [學習]

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tags: 學習
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# CV名詞解釋
* affine transformation：對向量空間做一次線性轉換，再加上平移
* arc segmentation：digital arc sequences -> subsequences
* autoregression model：利用自身過去的值，預測接下來的值
* *bands*
* Bayesian approach：貝式方法
	* Bayesian fitting
* **border tracking：Input: symbolic image；Output: 順時鐘方向的border pixel座標list**
* boundary extraction
* **box filter：computes equally weighted average**
* **breakpoint optimization：initial segmentation後，shift breakpoints，看有沒有變好**
* centroid-linkage criterion
* **centroid-linkage region growing：以某些預定方式(左上>右下)掃描image，將pixel value與neighboring segment(already existing but not necessarily completed)的mean比較，若夠接近 => 加入segment、更新mean；若不只一個segment，加入最接近的segment；若兩segment的mean夠接近，則將兩segment merge起來；若沒有neighboring region，則建立一個新的segment**
* **finding circles：(r-r0)^2 + (c-c0)^2 = d^2**
* clustering
* *coarseness：粗糙度*
* *concave：凹*
* **conditioning (operation)：noise cleaning and sharpening**
* **conditioning and labeling：常用的neighborhood operators**
* *contrast：對比*
* *convex：凸*
	* co-occurrence matrix：兩pixel value的pixel在各角度相鄰的情況
	* co-occurrence of primitives
	* co-occurrence probabilities
	* co-occurrence statistics
* **corner detection：利用corner points來求出一對圖片的位移向量**
	* *corner finding*
	* **corner points：Corner point就是在圖形中，由兩段不同的edge結合、角度較小的點**
* *covariance：共變異數*
* *curvature：曲率*
* density of texture primitives
* digital image：是二維圖像用有限數字數值像素的表示
* digital transform method
	* directional derivative edge finder
	* directional derivative edge operator
	* directional derivatives
* discrete orthogonal polynomial：計算梯度(做 zero crossing)所需要的 functions 可以很容易的用 basis set(基底函數組 or 基組) 的線性組合表示，允許獨立估計每個係數的多項式 basis set 將最易於使用。 這樣的 basis 稱為離散正交多項式
* discriminant function
* **dominant points：curve上曲率最大的點**
	* *error estimation*
	* extracting
	* extrema per unit area
	* extremal points
	* extremum sharpening
* facet model
* Fourier transform：將time domain轉到frequency domain
* fractal dimension、fractal signature、fractal surface、fractal surface area
* ![](https://i.imgur.com/yuMzwrQ.png)
* ![](https://i.imgur.com/BUk18LJ.png)
* 
* Frei and Chen edge detector
* Frei and Chen gradient masks
* Gauss-Markov model
* Gauss filter
* general maximin rule
* generalized co-occurrence
* generalized gray level spatial dependence
* **generation of synthetic texture：生成新texture，詳細步驟見講義**
* **generative model：給定texture region，找出描述該texture的方法或模型**
* **gradient-based facet edge detection：邊界 => 一邊暗，另一邊暗 => 找一階偏微分的值很大的地方（明顯的不連續）**
* **gradient descent：梯度下降法，找local minimum**
* ~~gradient edge detection~~
* ~~gradient edge detectors：一系列~~
* **gradient inverse weighted：Reduces sum-of-squares error within regions and between regions**
* gradient magnitude：梯度大小
* **granulation：粗糙、顆粒度**
	* gray level co-occurrence
	* gray level difference distribution
	* gray level difference probability
	* gray level primitives
	* gray level properties
	* gray level variance
* grouping
* grouping operation
* high Laplacian magnitude
* hillside
* **histogram mode seeking：homogeneous objects在histogram會分成cluster**
* **homogeneous texture：最大、最小的intensity差值夠小(?)**
* *homomorphism*
* **Hough transform：找出灰階image的直、曲線**
* hybrid-linkage combinations
* hybrid-linkage region growing
* hysteresis smoothing
* idempotent：重複運算等於自己
* *image region*
* *image segmentation*
* image texture gradients
* incremental change along the contour line
* incremental change along the tangent line
* inference rules
* inflection point
* influence zones
* instantaneous rate of change
* integrated directional derivative
* integrated first directional derivative
* intensity image
* ISODATA：分群的演算法，相近的點聚合到同一個group
* **isodata segmentation：Iterative Self organizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm (用在k-means)**
* isolated pixels
* isotropic derivative
* iterated facet model
* iterative endpoint fit and split
* iterative rule
* Kirsch compass masks
* Kullback information distance
* **labeling (operation)：edge and line detection**
* Laplacian
	* least-squares curve fitting
	* least-squares fitting of a line
	* least-squares fitting problem
	* least-squares procedure
* likelihood ratio test statistic
	* line detection
	* line fitting
* linear shift-invariant operators
* local tangential deflection
* **Markov chain：狀態空間中從一個狀態到另一個狀態的轉換的隨機過程，下一狀態的機率分布只能由當前狀態決定**
* Markov mesh models
* **Markov random field：用周遭區域內的neighbor pixel，而非"之前"的**
* **median operator：找中位數**
* **median root image：通過median filter，且不再變動**
* merging
* **midrange estimator：最大加最小除以2**
* **minimum mean square noise smoothing：針對加性或乘性的雜訊做smoothing，選擇alpha、beta使均方根最小**
* **motion-based segmentation：利用運動中的物體來進行定位(time-varying image analysis)**
* **multiband images：由separate image所組成，band之間有high correlation**
* **Nevatia-Babu compass template masks：set of six 5×5 compass template masks**
* **Newton method：函數f(x)的泰勒級數的前面幾項來尋找方程式 f(y)=0的根 (多次為分)**
* *noise cleaning*
* **pattern recognition：給定texture region，判斷是屬於哪個class**
* **peak：山峰，二階微分都小於0，峰點 = 0**
* **peak noise (outlier)：以random noise取代原本的pixel value**
* **peak noise removal：去除peak noise**
* **perimeter：周長**
* **pit：坑，跟peak相反，二階微分都大於0**
* **Poisson line model：用poisson distribution生成一堆(theta, p)的pair來得到一堆線，分出小region**
* **Poisson line process：用poisson distribution生成一堆(theta, p)**
* **power spectrum：頻譜 (fourier transform後，高power => fine texture)**
* **Prewitt edge detector：two 3×3 masks in row, column directions**
* *principal-axis curve fit：generalization of the line-fitting idea*
* **random mosaic models：把image切成小小的cell(向馬賽克)，然後分析**
* **range image：儲存深度值而非顏色的影像**
* **ravine：峽谷，兩側都比他高**
	* region growing
	* region-growing operator
	* region interiors
	* region properties
* **region-of-support：該點與旁邊K個點來決定**
* relational homomorphism
* **relative maxima：比前後都大 (一階導數為0，二階導數<0)**
* **relative minima：比前後都小**
* **ridge：發生在稜線，包含了一系列的脊點**
* **ridge and ravine：connected sequence of pixels with gray level intensity values that are significantly higher**
* **Robinson compass masks：compass template mask，只包含0, +-1，+-2**
* **robust line fitting：出現outlier時使用(加上weight)**
* rule-based segmentation
* **saddle：鞍，在一方向有局部最大值，另一方向則有局部最小值，gradiant = 0**
* **second-order approximation：用2次函數趨近**
* segmentation
* segmented
* selected-neighborhood averaging
* **separability：2d filter拆分成2個1d filter(?)**
* shape properties
* **sharpening：增加對比(highpass filter等方式)**
* **sigma filter：拿正負兩個sigma內的值來平均**
* single-linkage criterion
* single-linkage region growing
* slope
* sloped facet model
* smoothness
* **Sobel edge detector：two 3×3 masks in row, column directions**
* solid angle：立體角
	* spatial clustering
	* spatial gray level dependence
	* spatial gray level differences
	* spatial relation
	* spatial relationships
* **symbolic image：標好lebel的image**
* **synthetic texture：人造texture**
* **tangential angle deflection：找出兩條線在哪交會以及角度**
* **texel：定義spatial relationships的基本單位**
	* textural edgeness
	* textural energy
	* textural plane
	* textural primitive
	* textural surface
	* texture analysis
	* texture features
	* texture primitives
* **texture segmentation：給訂有多個textured areas的image，找出boundaries**
* **topographic primal sketch：the labeling and grouping of the underlying Image-intensity surface patches**
* **trimmed-mean operator：前k跟後k個order不用，剩下拿去平均**
* **uniform bounded-error approximation：segment arc sequence into maximal pieces whose points deviate ≤ given amount**
* *uniform error estimation*
* **vector dispersion：算出法向量(smooth => 相近；rough => 遠)**
* **weighted-median filter：用weighted filter相乘後，取median**
* **zero-crossing edge detector：找二階微分為0/一階相對極大的地方**