## ***METANOL***
<font color=gray> Mia Jozić
Odjel za biotehnologiju i istraživanje lijekova
Kolegij: Informatika
29. lipanj 2023.
</font>
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##### Prikaz molekule metanola u programu Avogadro
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## <font color=lightblue> ***sadržaj*** </font>
1. općenito
2. dobivanje
3. primjena
4. toksičnost
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## <font color=lightblue> [1] </font> *općenito*
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|||
|:- | --- |
| **formula**| $CH_3OH$ |
| **klasifikacija** | *alkohol* |
| **molarna masa** | 32,04 g/mol |
| **vrelište** | 64,7 ° C |
| **talište** | -97,6 °C |
| **gustoća** | 792 kg/m$^3$ |
| **boja** | bezbojno |
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## <font color=lightblue> opis </font>
#### - <font color=gray> najjednostavniji </font> alkohol
#### -sastoji se od <font color=gray> metilne </font> <font color=lightblue> (-CH3) </font> i <font color=gray> hidroksile skupine </font> <font color=lightblue> (-OH)</font>
#### - <font color=gray> bezbojna </font> tekućina
#### - <font color=gray> zapaljiv </font>
#### - miješa se s <font color=gray> vodom </font>i <font color=gray> organskim </font> otapalima
#### - vrlo <font color=gray> otrovan </font>
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<img src="https://pacificlab.vn/uploads/shops/dung-moi/rd34966.jpg" title="naslov" width=250>
[slika 1](https://pacificlab.vn/uploads/shops/dung-moi/rd34966.jpg). Methanol
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## <p style="text-align: left;">pojavnost</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">U prirodi je <font color=grayblue> esterski </font> vezan u <font color=grayblue> biljnim tvarima </font>
<font color=gray> [primjer: lignin] </font>
te se pojavljuje pri <font color=grayblue> pougljenjivanju drva </font> i <font color=grayblue> alkoholnom vrenju</font> </p>
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<img src="https://www.cell.com/cms/attachment/8309be09-d32f-4604-83f8-a5369f42a6d5/gr1.jpg" title="naslov" width=1300>
[slika 2](https://www.cell.com/cms/attachment/8309be09-d32f-4604-83f8-a5369f42a6d5/gr1.jpg). lignin
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[slika 3](https://www.znanje.org/i/i2015/2015iii01/2015iii01030816/alkoholno%20vrenje%20gif.gif). alkoholno vrenje
<img src="https://www.znanje.org/i/i2015/2015iii01/2015iii01030816/alkoholno%20vrenje%20gif.gif" title="naslov" width=700>
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#### Alkoholnim vrenjem nastaju alkoholi:
metanol
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#### Alkoholnim vrenjem nastaju alkoholi:
etanol (95%)
> rdkit
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## <font color=lightblue> [2] </font> *dobivanje*
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1. ***suha destilacija drva***
2. ***hidrogenacija ugljikova monoksida***
3. ***laboratorijsko dobivanje***
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### <p style="text-align: left;"> suha destilacija drva </p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<figure class="video_container">
<iframe src="https://youtu.be/VWVAcm1aUdI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true"> </iframe>
</figure>
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### <p style="text-align: left;"> katalitička hidrogenacija ugljikova monoksida </p>
* <p style="text-align: left;"> niskotlačni postupak: 50 do 100 bara </p>
* <p style="text-align: left;"> temperatura: 250 ° C </p>
* <p style="text-align: left;"> katalizator: na osnovi bakra </p>
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## $CO + 2H_2 \to CH_3OH$
kemijska reakcija
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### laboratorijsko dobivanje
djelovanjem jakih hidroksida na alkil-halogenid
$CH_3Br + KOH \to CH_3OH + KBr$
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## <font color=lightblue> [3] </font> *primjena*
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* proizvodnja formaldehida
* priprava antifriza
* proizvodnja octene kiseline
* proizvodnja polimernih materijala
* organsko otapalo
* razrjeđivač
* denaturiranje špirita
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```mermaid
pie
title primjena metanola
"formaldehid": 30
"benzin": 14
"MTBE": 13
"octena kiselina": 9
"olefini": 9
"biodizel": 2
"ostalo": 23
```
---
## <font color=lightblue> [4] </font> *toksičnost*
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## iznimno otrovan
<img src="https://labster-image-manager.s3.amazonaws.com/1cc295f7-e7bc-4641-9b20-2c2971d03ed4/methanolrisks.en.x512.png" title="naslov" width=700>
##### [slika 4](https://labster-image-manager.s3.amazonaws.com/1cc295f7-e7bc-4641-9b20-2c2971d03ed4/methanolrisks.en.x512.png).
#### Smrtonosna doza (oralno): 1g/kg ili 1,2 ml/kg ~ 30-240 ml
#### Minimalna doza koja uzrokuje trajni poremećaj vida: ~30 ml
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djelovanje na organizam:
```mermaid
graph LR;
A[A] --- O[O] --- D[D]
B[B] --- O --- E[E]
C[C] --- O --- F[F]
```
||||
|:- | --- | -: |
| A[oralno]| | D[probavni sustav] |
| B[nazalno]| O[organizam] | E[središnji živčani sustav] |
|C[dermalno]| | F[oštećenje očnog živca] |
| | | |
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udisanje pare paralizira *centar za disanje*
<img src="https://lirp.cdn-website.com/27ee385d/dms3rep/multi/opt/Screen+Shot+2021-11-10+at+23.21.28-1920w.png" title="naslov" width=700 align="right">
[slika 5](https://lirp.cdn-website.com/27ee385d/dms3rep/multi/opt/Screen+Shot+2021-11-10+at+23.21.28-1920w.png). *Medulla oblongata*
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METANOL DEHIDROGENAZA
metabolizira metanol u jetri tako da ga oksidira
##### Prikaz molekule metanol dehidrogenaze u programu Pymol
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## Izvori
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1. [Hrvatska enciklopedija]([www.google.com](https://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=40381))
2. [researchgate](https://www.researchgate.net/figure/World-methanol-demand-according-to-use-46_fig5_286085181)
3. [Methanol Institute](https://www.methanol.org/)
4. [Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.](https://www.mgc.co.jp/eng/rd/technology/methanol.html)
5. [ABCDoc;slika 2.](https://www.abc-doctors.com/regulacija-disanja)
6. [znanje.org](https://www.znanje.org/i/i2015/2015iii01/2015iii01030816/predstavnici.htm)
7. [Pubchem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/887)
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slike:
1. [slika 1](https://pacificlab.vn/uploads/shops/dung-moi/rd34966.jpg)
2. [slika 2](https://www.cell.com/cms/attachment/8309be09-d32f-4604-83f8-a5369f42a6d5/gr1.jpg)
3. [slika 3](https://www.znanje.org/i/i2015/2015iii01/2015iii01030816/alkoholno%20vrenje%20gif.gif)
4. [slika 4](https://labster-image-manager.s3.amazonaws.com/1cc295f7-e7bc-4641-9b20-2c2971d03ed4/methanolrisks.en.x512.png)
5. [slika 5](https://lirp.cdn-website.com/27ee385d/dms3rep/multi/opt/Screen+Shot+2021-11-10+at+23.21.28-1920w.png)
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## Hvala na pažnji!
<img src="https://www.tastebrandy.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/img_cover.jpg" title="naslov" width=700 align="right">
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