SciDAVis 教學 1:XY 散佈圖基本使用方法
作者:王一哲
日期:2019/12/4
SciDAVis 的全名為 Scientific Data Analysis and Visualization,照字面的意思可以翻譯為科學資料分析與視覺化工具,用來分析數據、作圖,而且它是一套自由軟體最新的版本為1.25,下載頁面在此(前往下載) 。類似的商業軟體為 Origin 和 SigmaPlot,但是這兩套軟體的售價不便宜,都在萬元以上。雖然用 MicroSoft Excel 和 LibreOffice Calc 也能做到類似的效果,但是 SciDAVis 處理大量數據的效果更好,即使操作界面是沒有中文化,對高中生而言應該還在可接受的範圍內。
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SciDAVis
安裝軟體
如果作業系統為 Windows,請選用 scidavis.1.25-win-dist.msi,下載後使用系統管理員身份執行安裝檔,接著不斷地按下一步就完成了。如果作業系統為 Linux,請選用 scidavis-1.25.tar.gz,下載後解壓縮,再依照資料夾中的檔案 "README.installer" 的指示編輯檔案及安裝。安裝完成後執行程式,畫面如下。
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- The image file may be corrupted
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- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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SciDAVis 畫面截圖
斜直線方程式的 XY 散佈圖
從 CSV 檔匯入資料
可以在 SciDAVis 的儲存格中手動輸入以下的數據,或是先將以下的資料複製、貼上到文字編輯器中,將檔案儲存為data.csv,文字編碼應該用 ASCII 或 UTF-8 皆可。
index,x,errx,y,erry
0,1.0,0.1,4.9,0.5
1,2.0,0.1,6.9,0.5
2,3.0,0.1,9.0,0.5
3,4.0,0.1,11.1,0.6
4,5.0,0.1,13.2,0.6
5,6.0,0.2,15.2,0.8
6,7.0,0.2,16.9,0.8
7,8.0,0.2,18.9,0.8
8,9.0,0.2,20.9,0.8
9,10.0,0.2,22.8,0.8
由選單:File⇒Import ASCII 或 Ctrl + K,開啟匯入檔案視窗。
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- The image file may be corrupted
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匯入檔案選單
由於資料是以逗號分隔,在匯入檔案視窗中,要記得將 Separator 選項改成逗號。另外也可以選擇要將資料匯入哪一個表格,可以蓋掉現有表格的資料,也可以另外增表格。
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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匯入檔案視窗
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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匯入資料檔後的表格
設定欄位資料格式
接著在要修改的欄位上按滑鼠左鍵,在畫面右側也可以更改欄位的描述及資料格式。
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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更改欄位的描述
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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更改欄位的資料格式
在要修改的欄位上按滑鼠右鍵,選擇Set Column(s) As即可修改欄位的資料用途,分別將欄位index設為X、欄位x設為X、欄位errx設為X Error、欄位y設為Y、欄位erry設為Y Error。
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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設定欄位的資料用途
繪製帶有誤差槓的XY散佈圖
插入XY散佈圖
先選取欄位x、y之後,再從選單選取Plot⇒Scatter,或是在欄位上按滑鼠右鍵,從快速選單中選取Plot⇒Scatter。
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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從選單插入XY散佈圖
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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從快速選單插入XY散佈圖
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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預設格式的XY散佈圖
修改圖片格式
如果想要修改資料點格式,可以在圖片的資料點上連點滑鼠左鍵兩下,勾選Fill Color會在點中填滿指定的顏色,Edge Color是點的邊緣線條顏色。
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Possible Reasons
- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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修改資料點格式
點選Plot Associations,可以修改資料點x軸、y軸數值對應的欄位。
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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修改資料點對應的欄
如果想要修改座標軸及標籤的格式,可以在圖片的座標軸上連點滑鼠左鍵兩下,點選Axis分頁,在Title欄位中可以修改標籤內容,支援HTML語法;點選Axis Font可以修改座標軸數字的字型及大小。
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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修改座標軸性質
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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修改座標軸數字的字型
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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修改格式後的XY散佈圖
插入誤差槓
點選圖片後從選單選取Graph⇒Add Error Bars或按快速鍵Ctrl+B。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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插入誤差槓
勾選Existing column,從資料表中選取不準量的來源,在視窗的下方勾選X Error Bars或Y Error Bars,最後點選右上方的Add。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
Learn More →
插入誤差槓的XY散佈圖
插入趨勢線
點選圖片後從選單選取Analysis⇒Quick Fit⇒Fit Linear。
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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選單插入趨勢線
擬合的結果如下,看起來只有考慮y軸不準量。
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- The image file may be corrupted
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擬合結果
如果要再開啟輸出結果的視窗,可以從選單選取View⇒Results Log。
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- The image file may be corrupted
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開啟輸出結果視窗
匯出成圖檔
點選圖片後從選單選取File⇒Export Graph⇒Current或按快速鍵Alt+G。
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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匯出圖檔選單
決定存檔路徑、檔名及圖片格式,最後按存檔。經過測試後發現,存成png檔大約400KB,存成jpg檔大約35KB,但是在電腦螢幕上看起來效果差不多。
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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匯出圖檔視窗
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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匯出的XY散佈圖
練習題
請將以下的數據輸入至 SciDAVis,繪製帶有誤差槓的 XY 散佈圖,並做線性擬合,找出最接近直線的斜率和截距,理論上擬合的結果約為
index,x,errx,y,erry
0,2,0.2,-1.02,0.2
1,4,0.3,-7.13,0.5
2,6,0.1,-12.87,1.0
3,8,0.2,-19.36,1.8
4,10,0.3,-25.43,2.1
5,12,0.1,-29.87,2.0
6,14,0.3,-37.98,2.2
7,16,0.2,-43.17,1.9
8,18,0.3,-50.66,1.8
9,20,0.1,-56.45,2.1
Image Not Showing
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- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
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練習題線性擬合結果
參考資料
- SciDAVis 官方網站。2019年12月4日,取自 http://scidavis.sourceforge.net/
- 賈至達(2017)。SciDAVis數據繪圖軟體簡介,取自 http://typt.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/images/Documentation/SciDAVis_intro_NTNU_Professor_Chia.pdf