SUSE Liberty Linux Lite - CentOS 7註冊操作手冊

--- tags: Liberty description: how to use SUSE Liberty Linux for CentOS 7 robots: index, follow --- # SUSE Liberty Linux Lite - CentOS 7註冊操作手冊 :::info 在CentOS 7預定於今年收工(2024)的狀況下，想要繼續沿用CentOS 7的系統，可以使用SUSE Liberty Linux套件庫。本文主要紀錄會遭遇的問題，與實際的操作步驟。 ::: ## 1. Requirement! 1. 如果沒有SUSE Manager的話，請使用[SMT Server](https://documentation.suse.com/sles/12-SP5/html/SLES-all/smt-installation.html)。 2. SMT Server規格如下： 2.1. 2 core CPU。 2.2. 8G RAM。 2.3. 大於600G的disk，請把絕大部分的空間留給/ 2.4. IP資訊(192.168.11.107, smt.server.testing.internal)，可對外連線。 2.5. 安裝方式請參考[官方網站](https://documentation.suse.com/sles/12-SP5/html/SLES-all/pre-smt.html) 2.6. 注意: CentOS 7因為歷史悠久，在SMT Server在同步的時候會比較需要時間，頻寬不夠的話請多留一些時間。 3. SCC帳號([帳號申請參考](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dPjD0Et5mCJN7HUQyeC3A1pwmwdPY-up/view?usp=drive_link)) 4. 訂閱SUSE Liberty Linux Lite ## 2. CentOS 7安裝套件庫注意事項 ### 2.1. 備份與移動舊yum來源 ``` [root@demo ~]# mkdir repobck [root@demo ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* repobck/ ``` ### 2.2. 移除release資訊 ``` [root@demo ~]# rpm -e centos-release-7-9.2009.0.el7.centos.x86_64 error: Failed dependencies: redhat-release >= 7.0 is needed by (installed) systemd-219-78.el7.x86_64 redhat-release is needed by (installed) initscripts-9.49.53-1.el7.x86_64 system-release is needed by (installed) setup-2.8.71-11.el7.noarch system-release is needed by (installed) grubby-8.28-26.el7.x86_64 [root@demo ~]# rpm -qa centos-release-7-9.2009.0.el7.centos.x86_64 查無此套件表示已移除。 ``` ### 2.3. 追加SMT Server位置，修改/etc/hosts ``` [root@demo ~]# echo "192.168.11.107 smt.server.testing.internal" >> /etc/hosts ``` ### 2.4. 匯入SMT Server key ``` [root@demo ~]# rpm --import -vv http://smt.server.testing.internal/repo/keys/res-signingkeys.key D: loading keyring from pubkeys in /var/lib/rpm/pubkeys/*.key D: couldn't find any keys in /var/lib/rpm/pubkeys/*.key D: loading keyring from rpmdb D: opening db environment /var/lib/rpm cdb:0x401 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages 0x400 mode=0x0 D: locked db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Name 0x400 mode=0x0 D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Name D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages D: closed db environment /var/lib/rpm D: opening db environment /var/lib/rpm cdb:0x401 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages (none) mode=0x42 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Name (none) mode=0x42 D: adding "gpg-pubkey" to Name index. D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Basenames (none) mode=0x42 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Group (none) mode=0x42 D: adding "Public Keys" to Group index. D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Requirename (none) mode=0x42 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Providename (none) mode=0x42 D: adding 2 entries to Providename index. D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname (none) mode=0x42 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename (none) mode=0x42 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Triggername (none) mode=0x42 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Dirnames (none) mode=0x42 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Installtid (none) mode=0x42 D: adding 1 entries to Installtid index. D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5 (none) mode=0x42 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header (none) mode=0x42 D: adding "a80836a550ca40a8a7f7523db722cce4283b1ca9" to Sha1header index. D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5 D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Installtid D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Dirnames D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Triggername D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Providename D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Requirename D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Group D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Basenames D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Name D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages D: closed db environment /var/lib/rpm ``` ### 2.5. 建立repo來源檔 /etc/yum.repos.d/RES7.repo ``` [liberty7] name=SUSE Liberty Linux 7 baseurl=http://smt.server.testing.internal/repo/SUSE/Updates/RES/7/x86_64/update enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 ``` ### 2.6. 確認repo正常匯入 ``` [root@demo ~]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors liberty7 | 1.5 kB 00:00:00 (1/2): liberty7/updateinfo | 2.4 MB 00:00:00 (2/2): liberty7/primary | 58 MB 00:00:06 liberty7 58709/58709 repo id repo name status liberty7 SUSE Liberty Linux 7 58,709 repolist: 58,709 ``` ### 2.7. 安裝註冊套件 ``` [root@demo ~]# yum install suseRegisterRES Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package suseRegisterRES.noarch 0:1.3.4-16.1 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl >= 5.00503 for package: suseRegisterRES-1.3.4-16.1.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl-libwww-perl for package: suseRegisterRES-1.3.4-16.1.noarch ... ... ... ---> Package perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================================================================== Installing: suseRegisterRES noarch 1.3.4-16.1 liberty7 37 k Installing for dependencies: mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 liberty7 30 k perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 liberty7 8.0 M ... ... ... Transaction Summary =============================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+62 Dependent packages) Total download size: 13 M Installed size: 41 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y ``` **同意後繼續安裝套件** ``` Downloading packages: (1/63): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 30 kB 00:00:00 (2/63): perl-Business-ISBN-2.06-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00 (3/63): perl-Business-ISBN-Data-20120719.001-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00 ... ... ... (63/63): suseRegisterRES-1.3.4-16.1.noarch.rpm | 37 kB 00:00:00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 24 MB/s | 13 MB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch 1/63 ... ... ... perl-libwww-perl.noarch 0:6.05-2.el7 perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7 perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7 Complete! ``` ### 2.8. 匯入SMT伺服器憑證 ``` [root@demo ~]# curl http://smt.server.testing.internal/smt.crt -o /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/smt-ca.crt % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 1700 100 1700 0 0 73778 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 77272 [root@demo ~]# update-ca-trust ``` ### 2.9. 修改suseRegisterRES組態檔 /etc/suseRegister.conf ``` url = https://smt.server.testing.internal/center/regsvc/ ``` ### 2.10. 註冊系統 ``` [root@demo ~]# suse_register Registration successful ``` ## 3. 驗證Liberty Linux套件庫是否正常 ### 3.1. 安裝httpd ``` [root@demo ~]# yum install httpd -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile RES-7-Updates | 1.5 kB 00:00:00 (1/2): RES-7-Updates/updateinfo | 2.4 MB 00:00:00 (2/2): RES-7-Updates/primary | 58 MB 00:00:00 RES-7-Updates 58709/58709 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================================================================== Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 RES-7-Updates 1.2 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 RES-7-Updates 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 RES-7-Updates 91 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 RES-7-Updates 94 k Transaction Summary =============================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 1.5 M Installed size: 4.3 M Downloading packages: (1/4): apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm | 94 kB 00:00:00 (4/4): httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00:00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 11 MB/s | 1.5 MB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64 2/4 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64 3/4 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64 4/4 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 Complete! ``` ### 3.2. 啟動服務與開啟防火牆 ``` [root@demo ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service http success [root@demo ~]# firewall-cmd --reload success [root@demo ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service. [root@demo ~]# echo "SUSE Liberty Linux" > /var/www/html/index.html [root@demo ~]# curl localhost SUSE Liberty Linux ``` ### 3.3. 確認httpd套件來源 ``` [root@demo ~]# rpm -qi httpd Name : httpd Version : 2.4.6 Release : 99.el7_9.1 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Fri 16 Feb 2024 07:07:47 AM EST Group : System Environment/Daemons Size : 3899802 License : ASL 2.0 Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 26 May 2023 02:25:54 AM EDT, Key ID 8055f0400182b964 Source RPM : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.src.rpm Build Date : Fri 26 May 2023 02:26:10 AM EDT Build Host : beezolated0 Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : SUSE LLC <https://www.suse.com/> Vendor : SUSE LLC <https://www.suse.com/> URL : http://httpd.apache.org/ Summary : Apache HTTP Server Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible web server. ``` ## REF 1. [SUSE官方安裝文件](https://documentation.suse.com/liberty/7/single-html/quickstart/index.html) 2. [SUSE Liberty Linux套件庫訂閱種類參考](https://www.suse.com/products/suse-liberty-linux/)