---
tags: Liberty
description: how to use SUSE Liberty Linux for RHEL 7
robots: index, follow
---
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# SUSE Liberty Linux Lite - RHEL 7註冊操作手冊
:::info
在RHEL 7預定於今年收工(2024)的狀況下，想要繼續沿用RHEL 7的系統，可以使用SUSE Liberty Linux套件庫。
本文主要紀錄會遭遇的問題，與實際的操作步驟。
:::
## 1. Requirement!
1. 如果沒有SUSE Manager的話，請使用[SMT Server](https://documentation.suse.com/sles/12-SP5/html/SLES-all/smt-installation.html)。
2. SMT Server規格如下：
2.1. 2 core CPU。
2.2. 8G RAM。
2.3. 大於600G的disk，請把絕大部分的空間留給/
2.4. IP資訊(192.168.11.107, smt.server.testing.internal)，可對外連線。
2.5. 安裝方式請參考[官方網站](https://documentation.suse.com/sles/12-SP5/html/SLES-all/pre-smt.html)
2.6. 注意: CentOS 7因為歷史悠久，在SMT Server在同步的時候會比較需要時間，頻寬不夠的話請多留一些時間。
3. SCC帳號([帳號申請參考](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dPjD0Et5mCJN7HUQyeC3A1pwmwdPY-up/view?usp=drive_link))
4. 訂閱SUSE Liberty Linux Lite
## 2. RHEL 7安裝套件庫注意事項
### 2.1. 關閉訂閱服務管理
```
[root@demo ~]# sudo yum autoremove subscription-manager
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package subscription-manager.x86_64 0:1.24.42-1.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
--> Finding unneeded leftover dependencies
---> Marking python-setuptools to be removed - no longer needed by subscription-manager
---> Marking subscription-manager-rhsm to be removed - no longer needed by subscription-manager
---> Marking python-six to be removed - no longer needed by subscription-manager
---> Marking python-inotify to be removed - no longer needed by subscription-manager
---> Marking python-syspurpose to be removed - no longer needed by subscription-manager
---> Marking python-backports-ssl_match_hostname to be removed - no longer needed by python-setuptools
---> Marking subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates to be removed - no longer needed by subscription-manager-rhsm
---> Marking python-backports to be removed - no longer needed by python-backports-ssl_match_hostname
---> Marking python-ipaddress to be removed - no longer needed by python-backports-ssl_match_hostname
Found and removing 9 unneeded dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7 will be erased
---> Package python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.5.0.1-1.el7 will be erased
---> Package python-inotify.noarch 0:0.9.4-4.el7 will be erased
---> Package python-ipaddress.noarch 0:1.0.16-2.el7 will be erased
---> Package python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-7.el7 will be erased
---> Package python-six.noarch 0:1.9.0-2.el7 will be erased
---> Package python-syspurpose.x86_64 0:1.24.42-1.el7 will be erased
---> Package subscription-manager-rhsm.x86_64 0:1.24.42-1.el7 will be erased
---> Package subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates.x86_64 0:1.24.42-1.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================================
Removing:
subscription-manager x86_64 1.24.42-1.el7 @anaconda/7.9 4.4 M
Removing for dependencies:
python-backports x86_64 1.0-8.el7 @anaconda/7.9 638
python-backports-ssl_match_hostname noarch 3.5.0.1-1.el7 @anaconda/7.9 18 k
python-inotify noarch 0.9.4-4.el7 @anaconda/7.9 256 k
python-ipaddress noarch 1.0.16-2.el7 @anaconda/7.9 227 k
python-setuptools noarch 0.9.8-7.el7 @anaconda/7.9 1.9 M
python-six noarch 1.9.0-2.el7 @anaconda/7.9 97 k
python-syspurpose x86_64 1.24.42-1.el7 @anaconda/7.9 125 k
subscription-manager-rhsm x86_64 1.24.42-1.el7 @anaconda/7.9 409 k
subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates x86_64 1.24.42-1.el7 @anaconda/7.9 7.2 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================
Remove 1 Package (+9 Dependent packages)
Installed size: 7.5 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Erasing : subscription-manager-1.24.42-1.el7.x86_64 1/10
Erasing : subscription-manager-rhsm-1.24.42-1.el7.x86_64 2/10
Erasing : python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch 3/10
Erasing : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch 4/10
Erasing : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64 5/10
Erasing : python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch 6/10
Erasing : python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch 7/10
Erasing : subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates-1.24.42-1.el7.x86_64 8/10
Erasing : python-inotify-0.9.4-4.el7.noarch 9/10
Erasing : python-syspurpose-1.24.42-1.el7.x86_64 10/10
Verifying : subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates-1.24.42-1.el7.x86_64 1/10
Verifying : subscription-manager-rhsm-1.24.42-1.el7.x86_64 2/10
Verifying : python-syspurpose-1.24.42-1.el7.x86_64 3/10
Verifying : subscription-manager-1.24.42-1.el7.x86_64 4/10
Verifying : python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch 5/10
Verifying : python-inotify-0.9.4-4.el7.noarch 6/10
Verifying : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64 7/10
Verifying : python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch 8/10
Verifying : python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch 9/10
Verifying : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch 10/10
Removed:
subscription-manager.x86_64 0:1.24.42-1.el7
Dependency Removed:
python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7 python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.5.0.1-1.el7
python-inotify.noarch 0:0.9.4-4.el7 python-ipaddress.noarch 0:1.0.16-2.el7
python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-7.el7 python-six.noarch 0:1.9.0-2.el7
python-syspurpose.x86_64 0:1.24.42-1.el7 subscription-manager-rhsm.x86_64 0:1.24.42-1.el7
subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates.x86_64 0:1.24.42-1.el7
Complete!
```
### 2.2. 備份與移動舊yum來源
```
[root@demo ~]# mkdir repobck
[root@demo ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* repobck/
```
### 2.3. 移除release資訊
```
[root@demo ~]# rpm -e redhat-release-server-7.9-3.el7.x86_64
[root@demo ~]# rpm -qa redhat-release-server-7.9-3.el7.x86_64
查無此套件表示已移除。
```
### 2.4. 追加SMT Server位置，修改/etc/hosts
```
[root@demo ~]# echo "192.168.11.107 smt.server.testing.internal" >> /etc/hosts
```
### 2.5. 匯入SMT Server key
```
[root@demo ~]# rpm --import -vv http://smt.server.testing.internal/repo/keys/res-signingkeys.key
D: loading keyring from pubkeys in /var/lib/rpm/pubkeys/*.key
D: couldn't find any keys in /var/lib/rpm/pubkeys/*.key
D: loading keyring from rpmdb
D: opening db environment /var/lib/rpm cdb:0x401
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages 0x400 mode=0x0
D: locked db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Name 0x400 mode=0x0
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Name
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: closed db environment /var/lib/rpm
D: opening db environment /var/lib/rpm cdb:0x401
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages (none) mode=0x42
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Name (none) mode=0x42
D: adding "gpg-pubkey" to Name index.
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Basenames (none) mode=0x42
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Group (none) mode=0x42
D: adding "Public Keys" to Group index.
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Requirename (none) mode=0x42
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Providename (none) mode=0x42
D: adding 2 entries to Providename index.
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname (none) mode=0x42
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename (none) mode=0x42
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Triggername (none) mode=0x42
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Dirnames (none) mode=0x42
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Installtid (none) mode=0x42
D: adding 1 entries to Installtid index.
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5 (none) mode=0x42
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header (none) mode=0x42
D: adding "a80836a550ca40a8a7f7523db722cce4283b1ca9" to Sha1header index.
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Installtid
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Dirnames
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Triggername
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Providename
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Requirename
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Group
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Basenames
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Name
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: closed db environment /var/lib/rpm
```
### 2.6. 建立repo來源檔 /etc/yum.repos.d/RES7.repo
```
[liberty7]
name=SUSE Liberty Linux 7
baseurl=http://smt.server.testing.internal/repo/SUSE/Updates/RES/7/x86_64/update
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
```
### 2.7. 確認repo正常匯入
```
[root@demo ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
liberty7 | 1.5 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): liberty7/updateinfo | 2.4 MB 00:00:00
(2/2): liberty7/primary | 58 MB 00:00:06
liberty7 58709/58709
repo id repo name status
liberty7 SUSE Liberty Linux 7 58,709
repolist: 58,709
```
### 2.8. 安裝註冊套件
```
[root@demo ~]# yum install suseRegisterRES
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package suseRegisterRES.noarch 0:1.3.4-16.1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl >= 5.00503 for package: suseRegisterRES-1.3.4-16.1.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl-libwww-perl for package: suseRegisterRES-1.3.4-16.1.noarch
...
...
...
---> Package perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================================
Installing:
suseRegisterRES noarch 1.3.4-16.1 liberty7 37 k
Installing for dependencies:
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 liberty7 30 k
perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 liberty7 8.0 M
...
...
...
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+62 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 13 M
Installed size: 41 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
```
**同意後繼續安裝套件**
```
Downloading packages:
(1/63): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 30 kB 00:00:00
(2/63): perl-Business-ISBN-2.06-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00
(3/63): perl-Business-ISBN-Data-20120719.001-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00
...
...
...
(63/63): suseRegisterRES-1.3.4-16.1.noarch.rpm | 37 kB 00:00:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 24 MB/s | 13 MB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch 1/63
...
...
...
perl-libwww-perl.noarch 0:6.05-2.el7 perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9
perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7
perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7
Complete!
```
### 2.9. 匯入SMT伺服器憑證
```
[root@demo ~]# curl http://smt.server.testing.internal/smt.crt -o /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/smt-ca.crt
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1700 100 1700 0 0 73778 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 77272
[root@demo ~]# update-ca-trust
```
### 2.10. 修改suseRegisterRES組態檔 /etc/suseRegister.conf
```
url = https://smt.server.testing.internal/center/regsvc/
```
### 2.11. 註冊系統
```
[root@demo ~]# suse_register
Registration successful
```
## 3. 驗證Liberty Linux套件庫是否正常
### 3.1. 安裝httpd
```
[root@demo ~]# yum install httpd -y
RES-7-Updates | 1.5 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): RES-7-Updates/updateinfo | 2.4 MB 00:00:00
(2/2): RES-7-Updates/primary | 58 MB 00:00:01
RES-7-Updates 58709/58709
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 RES-7-Updates 1.2 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 RES-7-Updates 103 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 RES-7-Updates 91 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7_9.1 RES-7-Updates 94 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 1.5 M
Installed size: 4.3 M
Downloading packages:
(1/4): apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:00
(3/4): httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm | 94 kB 00:00:00
(4/4): httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 9.4 MB/s | 1.5 MB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 1/4
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64 2/4
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64 3/4
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.x86_64 4/4
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7_9.1
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7_9.1
Complete!
```
### 3.2. 啟動服務與開啟防火牆
```
[root@demo ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service http
success
[root@demo ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@demo ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@demo ~]# echo "SUSE Liberty Linux" > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@demo ~]# curl localhost
SUSE Liberty Linux
```
### 3.3. 確認httpd套件來源
```
[root@demo ~]# rpm -qi httpd
Name : httpd
Version : 2.4.6
Release : 99.el7_9.1
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Sun 18 Feb 2024 08:26:22 PM EST
Group : System Environment/Daemons
Size : 3899802
License : ASL 2.0
Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 26 May 2023 02:25:54 AM EDT, Key ID 8055f0400182b964
Source RPM : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7_9.1.src.rpm
Build Date : Fri 26 May 2023 02:26:10 AM EDT
Build Host : beezolated0
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : SUSE LLC <https://www.suse.com/>
Vendor : SUSE LLC <https://www.suse.com/>
URL : http://httpd.apache.org/
Summary : Apache HTTP Server
Description :
The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
web server.
```
## REF
1. [SUSE官方安裝文件](https://documentation.suse.com/liberty/7/single-html/quickstart/index.html)
2. [SUSE Liberty Linux套件庫訂閱種類參考](https://www.suse.com/products/suse-liberty-linux/)
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