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# System prepended metadata

title: 拉丁文筆記12 - 介詞

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# 拉丁文筆記12 - 介詞

介詞的賓語可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞。 

| Preposition         | Grammar case         | Comments                                                                                                                                             |
| ------------------ | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ā, ab, abs         | + abl         | from; down from; at, in, on, (of time) after, since (source of action or event) by, of                                                                                                                                             |
| absque             | + abl         | without (archaic, cf. sine and praeter)                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| ad                 | + acc         | towards, to, at                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| adversus, adversum | + acc         | towards, against (also an adverb)                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| ante               | + acc         | before (also an adverb)                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| apud               | +acc          | at, by, near, among; chez; before, in the presence of, in the writings of, in view of                                                                                                                                              |
| causā              | + gen         | for the sake of (normally after its noun; simply the abl. of causa)                                                                                                                                                                |
| circum             | + acc         | about, around, near;                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| circā              | + acc         | around, near, about; regarding, concerning                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| circiter           | + acc         | (of place and time) near, close, round about                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| cis                | + acc         | on, to this, the near side of, short of; before                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| citrā              | + acc         | on this side of (also an adverb)                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| clam               | + acc & + abl | without the knowledge of, unknown to (also an adverb). Its use with the ablative is rare. Clanculum is a variant of this preposition.                                                                                              |
| contrā             | + acc         | against, opposite to, contrary to, otherwise, in return to, back                                                                                                                                                                   |
| cōram              | + abl         | in person, face to face; publicly, openly                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| cum                | + abl         | with                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| dē                 | + abl         | from, concerning, about; down from, out of                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| ergā               | + acc         | against, opposite; towards, with regard to (sometimes placed after the noun or pronoun)                                                                                                                                            |
| ex, ē              | + abl         | out of, from                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| extrā              | + acc         | outside of, beyond                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| fīne, fīnī         | + gen         | up to (ablative of fīnis). Can also be a postposition.                                                                                                                                                                             |
| grātiā             | + gen         | for the sake of. Usually placed after the noun.                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| in                 | + acc         | into, onto, to; about, respecting; according to; against                                                                                                                                                                           |
|                    | + abl         | in, among, at, on (space); during, at (time)                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| īnfrā              | + acc         | below                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| inter              | + acc         | between, among; during, while                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| intrā              | + acc         | within, inside; during; in less than                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| iūxtā              | + acc         | nearly; near, close to, just as. Can also follow the noun.                                                                                                                                                                         |
| ob                 | + acc         | in the direction of, to, towards; on account of, according to, because of, due to, for (the purpose of); against; facing                                                                                                           |
| palam              | + abl         | without concealment, openly, publicly, undisguisedly, plainly, unambiguously                                                                                                                                                       |
| penes              | + acc         | Under one's government or command; In one's disposal or custody; At, with, about, concerning                                                                                                                                       |
| per                | + acc         | through, by means of; during                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| pōne               | + acc         | behind; in the rear of                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| post               | + acc         | behind (of space); afterwards, after (of time)                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| prae               | + abl         | before, in front of, because of                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| praeter            | + acc         | besides, except; beyond; more than                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| prō                | + abl         | for, on behalf of; before; in front, instead of; about; according to; as, like; as befitting                                                                                                                                       |
| procul             | + abl         | far, at a distance                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| prope              | + acc         | near, nearby, (figuratively) towards, about (in time)                                                                                                                                                                              |
| propter            | + acc         | near, close to, hard by; because of, on account of, for; (rare) through, by means of                                                                                                                                               |
| secundum           | + acc         | next, along, according to                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| simul              | + abl         | with                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| sine               | + abl         | without                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| sub                | + acc         | under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion); until, before, up to, about                                                                                                                                                        |
|                    | + abl         | (to) under, (to) beneath; near to, up to, towards; about, around (time)                                                                                                                                                            |
| subter             | + acc         | under, underneath; following (in order or rank); in the reign of                                                                                                                                                                   |
|                    | + abl         | underneath, (figuratively) below inferior                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| super              | + acc         | above, over, beyond; during                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
|                    | + abl         | concerning, regarding, about                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| suprā              | + acc         | above, over, more than, before                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| tenus              | + gen & + abl | (with genitive and ablative) right up to, as far as, just as far as; (with ablative, of a process) up to (a given stage of); (with genitive and ablative, of limitation) to the maximum extent of, within. Used as a postposition. |
| trāns              | + acc         | across, beyond                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| versus, versum     | + acc         | towards (postposition, usually combined with ad or in)                                                                                                                                                                         |
| ultrā              | + acc         | beyond                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |