# 拉丁文筆記12 - 介詞

介詞的賓語可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞。

| Preposition | Grammar case | Comments |
| ------------------ | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ā, ab, abs | + abl | from; down from; at, in, on, (of time) after, since (source of action or event) by, of |
| absque | + abl | without (archaic, cf. sine and praeter) |
| ad | + acc | towards, to, at |
| adversus, adversum | + acc | towards, against (also an adverb) |
| ante | + acc | before (also an adverb) |
| apud | +acc | at, by, near, among; chez; before, in the presence of, in the writings of, in view of |
| causā | + gen | for the sake of (normally after its noun; simply the abl. of causa) |
| circum | + acc | about, around, near; |
| circā | + acc | around, near, about; regarding, concerning |
| circiter | + acc | (of place and time) near, close, round about |
| cis | + acc | on, to this, the near side of, short of; before |
| citrā | + acc | on this side of (also an adverb) |
| clam | + acc & + abl | without the knowledge of, unknown to (also an adverb). Its use with the ablative is rare. Clanculum is a variant of this preposition. |
| contrā | + acc | against, opposite to, contrary to, otherwise, in return to, back |
| cōram | + abl | in person, face to face; publicly, openly |
| cum | + abl | with |
| dē | + abl | from, concerning, about; down from, out of |
| ergā | + acc | against, opposite; towards, with regard to (sometimes placed after the noun or pronoun) |
| ex, ē | + abl | out of, from |
| extrā | + acc | outside of, beyond |
| fīne, fīnī | + gen | up to (ablative of fīnis). Can also be a postposition. |
| grātiā | + gen | for the sake of. Usually placed after the noun. |
| in | + acc | into, onto, to; about, respecting; according to; against |
| | + abl | in, among, at, on (space); during, at (time) |
| īnfrā | + acc | below |
| inter | + acc | between, among; during, while |
| intrā | + acc | within, inside; during; in less than |
| iūxtā | + acc | nearly; near, close to, just as. Can also follow the noun. |
| ob | + acc | in the direction of, to, towards; on account of, according to, because of, due to, for (the purpose of); against; facing |
| palam | + abl | without concealment, openly, publicly, undisguisedly, plainly, unambiguously |
| penes | + acc | Under one's government or command; In one's disposal or custody; At, with, about, concerning |
| per | + acc | through, by means of; during |
| pōne | + acc | behind; in the rear of |
| post | + acc | behind (of space); afterwards, after (of time) |
| prae | + abl | before, in front of, because of |
| praeter | + acc | besides, except; beyond; more than |
| prō | + abl | for, on behalf of; before; in front, instead of; about; according to; as, like; as befitting |
| procul | + abl | far, at a distance |
| prope | + acc | near, nearby, (figuratively) towards, about (in time) |
| propter | + acc | near, close to, hard by; because of, on account of, for; (rare) through, by means of |
| secundum | + acc | next, along, according to |
| simul | + abl | with |
| sine | + abl | without |
| sub | + acc | under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion); until, before, up to, about |
| | + abl | (to) under, (to) beneath; near to, up to, towards; about, around (time) |
| subter | + acc | under, underneath; following (in order or rank); in the reign of |
| | + abl | underneath, (figuratively) below inferior |
| super | + acc | above, over, beyond; during |
| | + abl | concerning, regarding, about |
| suprā | + acc | above, over, more than, before |
| tenus | + gen & + abl | (with genitive and ablative) right up to, as far as, just as far as; (with ablative, of a process) up to (a given stage of); (with genitive and ablative, of limitation) to the maximum extent of, within. Used as a postposition. |
| trāns | + acc | across, beyond |
| versus, versum | + acc | towards (postposition, usually combined with ad or in) |
| ultrā | + acc | beyond |