拉丁文筆記1 - 名詞格位 === ```graphviz graph graphname { nodesep=1.0 // increases the separation between nodes node [color=Red,fontname=Courier,shape=box] //All nodes will this shape and colour edge [color=Blue, style=dashed] //All the lines look like this "詞性\n(陰、陽、中)" -- "格位\n(主、屬、與、賓、奪、呼)" "詞性\n(陰、陽、中)" -- "數量\n(單數、複數)" } ``` 拉丁文中的名詞依照在句中扮演的角色,大致上可分為六種格位: - **主格(Nominative)** - **屬格(Genitive)** - **與格(Dative)** - **賓格(Accusative)** - **奪格(Ablative)** - **呼格(Vocative)** - ==**處格(Locative)** - 少數名詞限定== 其中又以五種變格法(Declension)將名詞變換至相對應的格位。 以下依名詞結尾劃分五種分格法,不包含特例及希臘文辭源名詞。 | | 第一種 | 第二種 | 第三種 | 第四種 | 第五種 | |:----:| :----: | :----: | :----: | :----: | :----: | | **單數主格** | | | | | | | 不規則 | | | ◯ | | | | *-a* | ◯ | | | | | | *-er* | | ◯ | | | | | *-es* | | | | | ◯ | | *-ies* | | | | | ◯ | | *-ir* | | ◯ | | | | | *-ium* | | ◯ | | | | | *-ius* | | ◯ | | | | | *-u* | | | | ◯ | | | *-um* | | ◯ | | | | | *-us* | | ◯ | | ◯ | | | **單數屬格** | | | | | | | *-ae* | ◯ | | | | | | *-i* | | ◯ | | | | | *-is* | | | ◯ | | | | *-us* | | | | ◯ | | | *-ei* | | | | | ◯ | --- 另外部份辭源為希臘文的名詞或姓氏則參照++拉丁文希臘名詞變格規則++。 :::info 詳見:<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declension_of_Greek_nouns_in_Latin> ::: F5f93hkwHD52bpQ
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