# ADH/ ALDH2

Günihal und Ben

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KP9KEzurgkP6i60p1bo7LF6vN73pPbcDU5XR5iUVeE8/edit
gdocs dokument

Alcohole dehydrogenase (ADH)
pubmed:21,247 results (allgemein)

peak in the 2013 till 2021

in the last 5 years 2473 results, broadly researched in many species (e.g. human, yeast, bacteria) for biotechnological applications and concerning liver related diseases in humans often in association with acetaldehydedehydrogenase (ALDH2)
oxidoreductase => catalyzes oxidation of primary alcohol to aldehyde using NAD+ as cofactor
in humans the resulting acetaldehyde (highly toxic) is then transformed into acetate by acetaldehydedehydrogenase, which is then used in the citrate cycle and transformed into water (H2O) and CO2
used to detoxify humans and many animals from toxic concentrations of alcohol, mainly found in stomach and liver
introduction is gonna focus on human ADH and ALDH2/ plays a role together with aldehyde dehydrogenase in fatty oxidation
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) are responsible for metabolizing ethanol -> ethanol elimination from the blood

Link: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Senthilkumar-Rajagopal/publication/276311838/figure/download/fig1/AS:614272539295778@1523465394581/Ethanol-metabolism-ADH-Alcohol-dehydrogenase-ALDH-Aldehyde-hydrogenase-Adapted-from.png

| Gene name human | alternativ gene names(human) | Protein names (human) | alternativ protein names |
| --------------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | --- |
| ADH5 | ADHX,FDH | Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 Text | Alcohol dehydrogenase 5, Alcohol dehydrogenase class chi chain, Alcohol dehydrogenase class-III,Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
|

| MOUSE | Gene name (Spezies) | Proetin name spezies X |
| ----- | ------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| | Adh5 Adh-2, Adh2 | Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 |

**ALDH**

| Gene name human | alternativ gene names(human) | Protein names (human) | alternativ protein names |
| --------------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | --- |
| ALDH2 | ALDM | Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | ALDH class 2, ALDH-E2, ALDHI
|

| Rattus norvegicusat | Gene name (Spezies) | Proetin name spezies X |
| ----- | ------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| | Aldh25 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial |

BIG Picture senctences
1. How good the ADH or ALDH work in a person influence his or her level of alcohol consumption and risk of alcoholism and not only there way of drinking.
2. Is the way of drinking really the only reason of liver failure, or does the function of ADH and ALDH affect the liver failure?
3. About 5 million people in Germany deal with liver diseases and this is not only caused by there way of drinking for biotechnological applications and concerning liver related diseases in humans often in association with the alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehydedehydrogenase (ALDH2)
4. Heavy liver failure related diseases aren't always cause by heavy drinking problems; autosomal recessive inherited or sporadic disease are often in association with the non function alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehydedehydrogenase (ALDH2) by the ethonal-metabolism.
5. Heavy liver failure related diseases aren't always cause by heavy drinking problems; autosomal recessive inherited or sporadic disease are often in association with the non function alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehydedehydrogenase (ALDH2) by the ethonal-metabolism.

6. The function of ADH and ALDH is essential of the liver function, so liver failure can be caused by these enzyms.
7. Liver cancer is one of the deadliest cancers around the globe, making an understanding of the molecular mechanisms occurring in cancerous and non-cancerous liver cells vital to finding new therapeutic approaches to treat this type of disease.

7. Even though the molecular mechanisms of alcohol detoxification in humans is well understood, the molecular effects resulting from cancerous degeneration of liver cells require more research to find new therapeutic approaches for this often-fatal disease.

8. The correlation between the consumption of high amounts of alcohol and the development of liver cancer has been shown in a variety of epidemiological studies.

9. The transformation of ethanol into carcinogenic acetaldehyde is one of the major risk factors for the development of liver cancer.

10. The production of carcinogenic acetaldehyde through the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the process of ethanol detoxification mainly in liver cells has been of great interest to find new therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.