<style> .reveal { font-size: 32px; } .reveal strong { color: #e7ad52; } .reveal li { padding: 0.5em; } .reveal img { max-height: 70vh; } </style> # Avionics Basic ## **NCKU ISP** --- ## Avionics 航電系統 **航**空**電**子 **Avi**ation electr**onics** 航電 Avionics --- ## Avionics {%youtube QQt-9SSJ51c%} ---- ## Saturn V  --- ## Avionics including... - **Power**: Providing a stable and clean power source. - **MCU**: Processing data from sensors, Filtering, Navigation. - **Sensor**: Collecting data (acceleration, altitude, location etc.) - **Actuator**: Motor, Light, Speaker. - **Communication**: Connect the vehicle to the ground station. <!-- ---- ## Avionics used by ISP  --> ---- ## **Avionics ISP32**  --- ## Power <!-- - LDO (Low-dropout) Regulator - Switching Mode Power Supply --> The power efficiency can be calculate by $$ \eta = \frac{P_{output}}{P_{input}} $$ ---- ## Failure Power Circuit #1  ---- ## Failure Power Circuit #2  <!-- ### LDO Regulator - Low noise but low current - Compact  ### Switching Mode Power Supply - High efficiency - Can cause electrical noise  --> --- ## MCU A **m**i**c**rocontroller **u**nit is a cheap and minimal size computer. Its main purpose is to collect data from various sensors and make the decision (open parachute, communicate with ground station, etc.) ---- ## MCU Price Very very very cheap compare to CPU  ---- <!-- ### Different architecture - 8051 - PIC - AVR - ARM - Xtensa - RISCV ### Sensor Fusion - **Kalman Filter** Produces estimates of unknown variables that tend to be more accurate than those based on a single measurement alone.  --> --- ## Sensor {%youtube mfQjG4t4M08 %} ---- ## Sensor  - Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Magnetic sensor - Barometer - GPS ---- ### Accelerometer An accelerometer measures **acceleration**, which indicates how fast velocity is changing.  ----  ---- ### Gyroscope For measuring or maintaining **orientation** and **angular velocity**.  ----  ---- ### Barometer A barometer is a scientific instrument that is used to measure air pressure  ---- ### Pressure-Altitude Conversion  ---- ### Pressure-Altitude Conversion $$ P = P_0e^{\frac{-gMh}{RT}} $$ **$P$**: Pressure **$P_0$**: Pressure at sea level **$h$**: Altitude **$T$**: Temperature $R$: Gas constant $g$: Gravitational acceleration $M$: Molar mass of air ---- ### GPS Global Positioning System  ---- ### Triangulation  --- ## Actuator Is responsible for moving and controlling a mechanism or system. e.g. **Servo Motor** ,**(BL)DC Motor**, **Light Indicator** ---- ### Servo Motor - Parachute  ---- ### BLDC Motor - Reaction Wheel  ---- ### BLDC Motor - Reaction Wheel [Video]( https://www.facebook.com/ispncku/posts/pfbid02EDsBk6zJK9fbFwseiYfVm2cuMiHPsdC4aHNeQoWRyK9wMzAp47D7fPZTQYg1jwPMl) --- ## Communication Protocol - Wire Transmission - Radio Transmission <!-- #### Wire Transmission - **Sync**hronous serial communication: SPI, I2C - **Async**hronous serial communication: UART, USB #### Sync Protocol Sync protocols require that the clocks in the transmitting and receiving devices are synchronized.  #### Async Protocol The data stream **contains synchronization information in form of start and stop signals**.  --> ---- ### Radio Transmission - High-speed communication like real-time video streaming are using **WiFi (2.4GHz)** and **5.8GHz**. - Low-speed data streaming communicate via **LoRa (433MHz)**. --- ## Low cost avionics board **ISP555** A low-cost board base on 555 timer IC.  ---- ## **ISP555** Features - 9V battery input. - Two timers for ignition and parachute/servo. - Take-off decetor. - LED indicator. - No sensors or communication functionality. ---- ## **ISP555** Introduction There are 3 potentiometers on board. - **CntDown** for the ignition count-down timer. - **Chute** for the parachute after launcing. - **Servo** inidcate the servo motor angle. ---- ## **ISP555** Introduction - **TKOFF**: Take-off detection - **RBF** : Remove Before Flight --- ### If you're instrested in Programming/Electrionics More information on Github **https://github.con/NCKU-ISP** and Our Website **https://nckuisp.space**