# Python - 輕鬆學會寫程式
###### tags: `YOTTA` `PYTHON`

## 17. 資料型別(Data Types)
data types (種類)
資料型別
1. 整數 integer int
2. 浮點數 float
3. 布林值 boolean bool (True, False)
4. 字串 string str 'Tim'

## 19. 第一次上傳到GitHub

git init //初始化
git add README.md //加入追蹤清單
git commit -m "first commit" //建立版本
git push -u origin master //上傳

#### 上傳GitHub三寶

git add 檔案名稱 //加入追蹤清單
git commit -m "版本訊息" //建立版本
git push origin master //上傳

## 24. 比較符號 (Comparison Operators)

x = 5

print(x == 5) # True
print(x != 5) # False
print(x > 2) # True
print(x < 2) # False
print(x >= 2) # True
print(x <= 2) # False

## 27. 型別轉換 (Casting)

age = int(age) # 型別轉換為整數

## 33. While True (無限迴圈)

while True:
	print('x小於10喔!')
	print('我還困在裡面')
	break # 逃出迴圈
print('我逃出迴圈了!')

while True:
	mode = input('請輸入遊戲模式: ')
	if mode == 'q': # quit
		break
	elif mode == '1':
		print('啟動模式一')
	elif mode == '2':
		print('啟動模式二')
	else:
		print('你只能輸入1/2/q')

## 35. [程式練習] 密碼重試程式

# 密碼重試程式
# password = 'a123456'
# 讓使用者重複輸入密碼
# 最多輸入3次
# 如果正確就印出"登入成功!"
# 如果不正確就印出"密碼錯誤! 還有_次機會!"

#第一次自己打
chance = 3
while chance > 0:
	password_input = input('請輸入密碼: ')
	password = 'a123456'
	chance = chance - 1
	if password_input == password:
		print('登入成功!')
		break
	elif chance > 0:
		print('密碼錯誤! 還有', chance, '次機會')
	else:
		print('登入失敗')

# 解答
# password = 'a123456'
# i = 3 # 剩餘機會
# while True:
# 	pwd = input('請輸入密碼: ')
# 	if pwd == password:
# 		print('登入成功!')
# 		break # 逃出迴圈
# 	else:
# 		i = i - 1
# 		print('密碼錯誤! 還有', i, '次機會')
# 		if i == 0:
# 			print('登入失敗')
# 			break

## 39. List 清單

# list 清單

a = ['Toyota', 'Honda'] # 空清單
print(a)
print(a[0])
print(a[1])

a.append('Audi') # 加東西
print(a)
print(a[0], a[1], a[2])

print(len(a)) # 取長度

print('Audi' in a) # 是非題 True, False
print('Benze' in a)

## 42. 讀取檔案
read : r
write : w
as : 當作

data = []
with open('food.txt', 'r') as f: # with:自動close ; [檔案]當作f
	for line in f:
		data.append(line.strip()) #strip()除掉換行符號

print(data)

## 45. 清單的篩選
for loop的意思就是：把清單中的東西一個一個拿出來

## 48. Range 延伸

range(2, 5) # [2, 3, 4] 結束值不包含
range(8, 10) # [8, 9]
range(2, 10, 3) # [2, 5, 8] range(開始,結束,遞增)

## 52. 寫入欄位名稱 + 編碼問題

products = [] # 大清單

while True:
	name = input('請輸入商品名稱: ')

	if name == 'q': # quit
		break

	price = input('請輸入商品價格: ')
	price = int(price)

	# p = [] # 小清單
	# p.append(name)
	# p.append(price)

	# p = [name, price]

	# products.append(p) # 把小清單塞進大清單
	products.append([name, price]) # 最簡潔寫法

print(products)

for p in products:
	print(p[0], '的價格是', p[1])

with open('products.csv', 'w', encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
	f.write('商品, 價格\n')
	for p in products:
		f.write(p[0] + ',' + str(p[1]) + '\n')

## 49. 建立記帳程式專案 (+二維清單)

import os # operating system

products = [] # 大清單
if os.path.isfile('products.csv'): # 檢查檔案在不在
	print('yeah! 找到檔案了!')

	# 如果有products.csv這個檔案，就讀取
	with open('products.csv', 'r', encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
		for line in f:
			if '商品,價格' in line:
				continue # 放棄這回，跳到下一回開始
			name, price = line.strip().split(',') #每一行用什麼東西切割
			# s = line.strip().split(',')
			# name = s[0]
			# price = s[1]
			products.append([name, price])
	print(products)

else:
	print('找不到檔案...')


# 讓使用者輸入
while True:
	name = input('請輸入商品名稱: ')

	if name == 'q': # quit
		break

	price = input('請輸入商品價格: ')
	price = int(price)

	# p = [] # 小清單
	# p.append(name)
	# p.append(price)

	# p = [name, price]

	# products.append(p) # 把小清單塞進大清單
	products.append([name, price]) # 最簡潔寫法

print(products)

# 印出所有購買紀錄
for p in products:
	print(p[0], '的價格是', p[1])

# 寫入檔案
with open('products.csv', 'w', encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
		f.write('商品,價格\n')
		for p in products:
			f.write(p[0] + ',' + str(p[1]) + '\n')

## 60. Refactor (程式重構) part 2

### Function的中心思想是"只做一件事"

import os # operating system

# 讀取檔案
def read_file(fileName):
	products = [] # 大清單
	# 如果有products.csv這個檔案，就讀取
	with open(fileName, 'r', encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
		for line in f:
			if '商品,價格' in line:
				continue # 放棄這回，跳到下一回開始
			name, price = line.strip().split(',') #每一行用什麼東西切割
			# s = line.strip().split(',')
			# name = s[0]
			# price = s[1]
			products.append([name, price])
	return products

# 讓使用者輸入
def user_input(products):
	while True:
		name = input('請輸入商品名稱: ')
		if name == 'q': # quit
			break

		price = input('請輸入商品價格: ')
		price = int(price)

		# p = [] # 小清單
		# p.append(name)
		# p.append(price)

		# p = [name, price]

		# products.append(p) # 把小清單塞進大清單
		products.append([name, price]) # 最簡潔寫法

	print(products)
	return products

# 印出所有購買紀錄
def print_products(products):
	for p in products:
		print(p[0], '的價格是', p[1])

# 寫入檔案
def write_file(fileName, products):
	with open(fileName, 'w', encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
			f.write('商品,價格\n')
			for p in products:
				f.write(p[0] + ',' + str(p[1]) + '\n')

def main():
	fileName = 'products.csv'
	if os.path.isfile(fileName): # 檢查檔案在不在
		print('yeah! 找到檔案了!')
		products = read_file(fileName)
	else:
		print('找不到檔案...')
	products = user_input(products)
	print_products(products)
	write_file('products.csv', products)

main()

## 61. [程式練習] 對話紀錄1 - 格式改寫

def read_file(fileName):
	lines = []
	with open(fileName, 'r', encoding='utf-8-sig')as f:
		for line in f:
			lines.append(line.strip())
	return lines

def convert(lines):
	new = []
	person = None # 避開第一行line不是人名
	for line in lines:
		if line == 'Allen':
			person = 'Allen'
			continue
		elif line == 'Tom':
			person = 'Tom'
			continue
		if person: # 如果person有值
			new.append(person + ': ' + line)
	return new

def write_file(fileName, lines):
	with open(fileName, 'w') as f:
		for line in lines:
			f.write(line + '\n')

def main():
	lines = read_file('input.txt')
	lines = convert(lines) # lines就是覆蓋再覆蓋
	write_file('output.txt', lines)

main()

## 63. 清單的切割

### 清單的切割寫法:
n = [2, 6, 6, 8, 4]
* n[:3] 可以拿到前三個 (0可省略) # 2,6,6
* n[2:4] 可以拿到一個清單裝著 n[2] 跟 n[3] # 6,8
* n[-2:] 可以拿到最後兩個 # 8,4

## 64. [程式練習] 對話紀錄2 - part 2

# LINE對話紀錄裡講了幾個字、幾個圖片

def read_file(fileName):
	lines = []
	with open(fileName, 'r', encoding='utf-8-sig')as f:
		for line in f:
			lines.append(line.strip())
	return lines

def convert(lines):
	new = []
	person = None # 避開第一行line不是人名

	allen_word_count = 0
	allen_sticker_count = 0
	allen_img_count = 0
	viki_word_count = 0
	viki_sticker_count = 0
	viki_img_count = 0

	for line in lines:
		s = line.split(' ') # 切割完會變清單
		time = s[0]
		name = s[1]
		if name == 'Allen':
			if s[2] == '貼圖':
				allen_sticker_count += 1
			elif s[2] == '圖片':
				allen_img_count += 1
			else:
				for m in s[2:]:
					allen_word_count += len(m)
		elif name == 'Viki':
			if s[2] == '貼圖':
				viki_sticker_count += 1
			elif s[2] == '圖片':
				viki_img_count += 1
			else:
				for m in s[2:]:
					viki_word_count += len(m)

	print('allen說了', allen_word_count, '個字，傳了', allen_sticker_count, '個貼圖和', allen_img_count, '個圖片')
	print('viki說了', viki_word_count, '個字，傳了', viki_sticker_count, '個貼圖和', viki_img_count, '個圖片')
		# print(s)
	return new

def write_file(fileName, lines):
	with open(fileName, 'w') as f:
		for line in lines:
			f.write(line + '\n')

def main():
	lines = read_file('LINE-Viki.txt')
	lines = convert(lines) # lines就是覆蓋再覆蓋
	# write_file('output.txt', lines)

main()

## 67. [程式練習] 一百萬筆留言中最常出現哪些字

data = []
count = 0
with open('reviews.txt', 'r') as f:
	for line in f:
		data.append(line)
		count += 1 # count = count + 1
		if count % 100000 == 0: # %求餘數
			print(len(data))
print('檔案讀取完了, 總共有', len(data), '筆資料')

print(data[0])

#文字計數
word_count = {}
for d in data:
	words = d.split() # split預設值是空白鍵
	for word in words:
		if word in word_count:
			word_count[word] += 1
		else:
			word_count[word] = 1

for word in word_count:
	if word_count[word] > 1000000:
		print(word, word_count[word])

# print(len(word_count))
# print(word_count['Allen'])

while True:
	word = input('請問你想查什麼字: ')
	if word == 'q':
		break
	if word in word_count:
		print(word, '出現過的次數為: ',word_count[word])
	else:
		print('這個字沒有出現在留言中喔!')
print('感謝使用本查詢功能')

sum_len = 0
new = []
# good = []
for d in data:
	sum_len += len(d) # sum_len = sum_len + len(d)
	# print(sum_len)

	if len(d) < 100: # 把長度低於100的留言裝至new清單
		new.append(d)

	# if 'good' in d:
	# 	good.append(d)

print('留言的平均長度為', sum_len / len(data))
print('一共有', len(new), '筆留言長度小於100')
print(new[0])
print(new[1])
# print('一共有', len(good), '筆留言含有good')

good = [1 for d in data if 'good' in d]
print(good)

bad = ['bad' in d for d in data] # 運算
print(bad)
# bad = []
# for d in data:
# 	bad.append('bad' in d)

## 第三方套件
1. proressbar # 進度條
2. openpyxl # excel處理
3. python-docx # word處理
4. matplotlib # 圖表
5. twilio # 寄送簡訊
6. flask # 主流伺服器網頁(程式)
7. django # 主流大規模伺服器網頁(網頁)

#### 第三方套件位址

## 73. 處理 Excel 檔 (應用展示)

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()

# grab the active worksheet
ws = wb.active

# Data can be assigned directly to cells
ws['A1'] = 42
ws['B1'] = 'Tim'

# Rows can also be appended
ws.append([1, 2, 3])

# Python types will automatically be converted
import datetime
ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now()

# Save the file
wb.save("sample.xlsx")

## 74. 處理 Word 檔 (使用第三方套件流程示範)

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches

document = Document()

document.add_heading('這是python操作word範例', 0)

p = document.add_paragraph('A plain paragraph having some ')
p.add_run('bold').bold = True
p.add_run(' and some ')
p.add_run('italic.').italic = True

document.add_heading('Heading, level 1', level=1)
document.add_paragraph('Intense quote', style='Intense Quote')

document.add_paragraph(
    'first item in unordered list', style='List Bullet'
)
document.add_paragraph(
    'first item in ordered list', style='List Number'
)

# document.add_picture('monty-truth.png', width=Inches(1.25))

records = (
    (3, '101', 'Spam'),
    (7, '422', 'Eggs'),
    (4, '631', 'Spam, spam, eggs, and spam')
)

table = document.add_table(rows=1, cols=3)
hdr_cells = table.rows[0].cells
hdr_cells[0].text = 'Qty'
hdr_cells[1].text = 'Id'
hdr_cells[2].text = 'Desc'
for qty, id, desc in records:
    row_cells = table.add_row().cells
    row_cells[0].text = str(qty)
    row_cells[1].text = id
    row_cells[2].text = desc

document.add_page_break()

document.save('demo.docx')

## 75. 製作圖表 - (使用第三方套件流程示範)

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

np.random.seed(19680821)

mu, sigma = 100, 15
x = mu + sigma * np.random.randn(10000)

# the histogram of the data
n, bins, patches = plt.hist(x, 50, density=1, facecolor='g', alpha=0.75)


plt.xlabel('Smarts')
plt.ylabel('Probability')
plt.title('Histogram of IQ')
plt.text(60, .025, r'$\mu=100,\ \sigma=15$')
plt.axis([40, 160, 0, 0.03])
plt.grid(True)
# plt.show()
plt.savefig('123.png')

## 78. 寄送簡訊 - (如何寫自己的程式示範)

from twilio.rest import Client

# Your Account SID from twilio.com/console
account_sid = "ACc96364796c8a19c486cfc236560cc8ce"
# Your Auth Token from twilio.com/console
auth_token  = "33cce26bc4f7a610d8b2176a94f66273"

client = Client(account_sid, auth_token)

message = client.messages.create(
    to="[phone]", 
    from_="[phone]",
    body="Hello from Python!-Tim")

print(message.sid)

## 84. [專案實作] LINE聊天機器人 - part1

* **SDK ( Software Development Kit )**

from flask import Flask, request, abort

from linebot import (
    LineBotApi, WebhookHandler
)
from linebot.exceptions import (
    InvalidSignatureError
)
from linebot.models import (
    MessageEvent, TextMessage, TextSendMessage,
)

app = Flask(__name__)

line_bot_api = LineBotApi('') # YOUR_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN
handler = WebhookHandler('') # YOUR_CHANNEL_SECRET


@app.route("/callback", methods=['POST'])
def callback():
    # get X-Line-Signature header value
    signature = request.headers['X-Line-Signature']

    # get request body as text
    body = request.get_data(as_text=True)
    app.logger.info("Request body: " + body)

    # handle webhook body
    try:
        handler.handle(body, signature)
    except InvalidSignatureError:
        print("Invalid signature. Please check your channel access token/channel secret.")
        abort(400)

    return 'OK'


@handler.add(MessageEvent, message=TextMessage)
def handle_message(event):
    line_bot_api.reply_message(
        event.reply_token,
        TextSendMessage(text=event.message.text))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

## 85. [專案實作] LINE聊天機器人 - part2

* Procfile # Heroku使用

web gunicorn app:app

* requirement # 版本需求

line-bot-sdk
gunicorn
flask

## 86. [專案實作] LINE聊天機器人 - part3

* rule-based (if, elif, else)
* 非rule-based (AI)

## 88. [進階] Class 類別 part 2 - 如何寫class

# class 類別(種類)
# 在pyhton的世界裡，所有東西都是物件(object)

class Student:
	def __init__(self, name, score): # initialize 初始化
		self.name = name # 兩種屬性:function, 非function
		self.score = score
		print('我誕生了')
		self.do_hw()

	def do_hw(self):
		print('我在做作業')

	def study(self):
		print('我在讀書')
		self.score += 5

	def sleep(self):
		print('I am sleeping!')

s1 = Student('Tim', 83)
s2 = Student('John', 75)

print(s1.name, s1.score)
print(s2.name, s2.score)

s2.study()
print(s2.name, s2.score)

## 89. [進階] Class 類別 part 3 - 神秘的self