# Deep dive on wormhole thread

Blockchain networks often operate in isolation. This limits interoperability. Wormhole is a groundbreaking solution, acting as a universal translator that allows these disparate blockchains to communicate and interact with each other.

Let's dive in 🧵

1/10 At it's core, Wormhole is a generic message-passing protocol that acts as a bridge, facilitating the transfer of arbitrary data across chains.


2/10 Wormhole is comprised of several noteworthy components divided in to two categories: on-chain components and off-chain components.let's talk about the names of the major pieces
- on-chain components: emitter, Wormhole core contract and transaction logs.
- off-chain compoennts: guardian network, spy, API, VAAs, and Relayer.

Read more on https://docs.wormhole.com/wormhole/explore-wormhole/components


3/10 But how does Wormhole actually work? Here's a simplified breakdown of the process:


3.1/10 From your dApp or smart contract (the "Emitter") on the source chain, you call the Wormhole core contract to publish a message.

3.2/10 The Wormhole core contract records an event in the Transaction Logs. This log includes details about the Emitter and a unique sequence number to identify the message. Each blockchain in the ecosystem has its own Wormhole Core Contract.

3.3/10 The Guardians continuously monitor messages emitted from the Wormhole core contracts. Once a message reaches a certain level of finality (e.g., 15 minutes on Ethereum), the Guardians sign it. After approximately 13 Guardians (more than 2/3 of the network) have signed the message, a VAA (Verifiable Action Approval) is produced.

3.4/10 Relayers pick up the VAA from the Guardians and deliver it to the destination chain. Note that relayers are considered untrusted. VAAs are public and anyone can submit them, so developers should not rely on relayers for any computation that requires trust.

3.5/10 Upon receiving the VAA, the contract on the destination chain calls the Wormhole core contract to verify its authenticity. If the VAA is valid, the destination contract then performs the action specified within the message.

4/10 Currently, Wormhole supports a number of different blockchain environments:
- EVM
- Solana
- CosmWasm
- Algorand
- Near
- Aptos
- Sui
You can find full list of supported blochchains here https://docs.wormhole.com/wormhole/reference/blockchain-environments


<!-- 5/10 By providing a generic message-passing solution, Wormhole opens up a wide range of potential use cases. Two well-known protocols built on top of Wormhole are:
- Token Bridge: enables the seamless transfer of tokens between different blockchains, expanding their utility and liquidity.
- NFT Bridge: This allows for the transfer of NFTs across chains, unlocking new possibilities for cross-chain marketplaces and interoperable NFT applications.
-->
5/10 By providing a generic message-passing solution, Wormhole opens up a wide range of potential use cases. Here are some popular products built on top of Wormhole:
- Carrier: A robust token and NFT bridge providing advanced bridging features for Web3 users.
- Hashflow: A multichain DEX (Decentralized Exchange) allowing users to seamlessly trade assets natively across Ethereum, Arbitrum, Avalanche, BNB Chain, Optimism, Polygon, and Solana.
- Jupiter: Solana's leading liquidity aggregator, offering the widest range of tokens and optimal route discovery between any token pair.
- Pyth Network: A decentralized platform utilizing the Wormhole protocol to provide real-time data across blockchains.

6/10 Wondering how to get started with Wormhole? Don't worry, there are several available tools to cover almost all of your use cases:

6.1/10 for application layer
- Wormhole Connect: a React widget that lets developers offer easy, customized access to Wormhole powered bridges directly in a web application.
- Wormhole typescript SDK: useful for interacting with the chains Wormhole supports and the protocols built on top of Wormhole.

6.2/10 for infrastructure layer
- Native Token Transfers (NTT): an open, flexible, and composable framework for transferring tokens across blockchains without liquidity pools.
- Queries: offer on-demand access to guardian-attested on-chain data.

7/10 In addition, Wormhole has launched the xGrant Program, designed to provide financial support, mentorship, and resources to help innovative projects reach their full potential and make a significant impact on the industry.

<quote tweet https://twitter.com/wormhole/status/1625208582009683968>

9/10 Already familiar with Wormhole but unsure what to build? Here are some suggestions for you:
- Cross-chain lending/borrowing
- Cross-chain yield aggregator
- Cross-Chain options and derivatives
- Interoperable NFT games
- Cross-Chain voting
- Cross-Chain treasury management

You can find more on https://blog.superteam.fun/p/top-7-cross-chain-themes-to-build?utm_source=publication-search. Thanks @yashhsm for awesome article.

9/10 That's all for today, folks! Let's dive into Wormhole and keep building.

cc @superteamvn, @wormhole