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# System prepended metadata

title: Đề cương ôn thi học kì 2 lớp 12 môn lý chi tiết

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<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Kiểm tra học kỳ 2 m&ocirc;n l&yacute; cần &ocirc;n tập những kiến thức n&agrave;o? Mời bạn c&ugrave;ng tham khảo ngay đề cương &ocirc;n thi học k&igrave; 2 m&ocirc;n L&yacute; 12 chi tiết của VUIHOC dưới đ&acirc;y.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 602px; height: 344px;"><img height="344" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/14vht3OU11vbq87lIIUbTPvh06Jsf45MbGw_-iahWTbClVzJYf_Upbm1VruhUK3NAHtGLrYOEWrjooqlqmp9nD4K4Z9nhsd65lAio9n4HD5BJttVMEMlWjhsEte7u5iDtLqJ1yUhKJjDcqUjgj5CVU8" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="602" /></span></span></p>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">1. &Ocirc;n thi học k&igrave; 2 lớp 12 m&ocirc;n l&yacute;: Dao động v&agrave; s&oacute;ng điện từ&nbsp;</span></h2>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">a. Tần số g&oacute;c</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 95px; height: 50px;"><img alt="\large \omega =\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}" height="50" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/_CN-6KqfNwnMPeAC_h6UKfGPjAjRoxsyVI3euoRrJbzDZBWBD5eCf-yIKvQ3GDvlkr6tKfjpKrwP0HlrKXaB_dK8gm782P1bplFmYbVSErg9rPJQOCS08dcwNBtDxjIuMKh1DPti5dB7m7o7DDgR5RE" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="95" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">b. Chu kỳ ri&ecirc;ng:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 119px; height: 22px;"><img alt="\large T=2\pi \sqrt{LC}" height="22" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/ENMEiqmxfsB82EfPk_EKiGjzlRALjrl7Smz2UG011G8kIrayaYFFY9J-gDpzbCHayMrYgrCPLk8IB4zB9lqrJZAZZlQomox9gdXJpbGjSI9siLizXgG9UAeHmaO8N1XErSH575Z4Az2N8eOOkENlGLY" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="119" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">c. Tần số ri&ecirc;ng:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 165px; height: 50px;"><img alt="\large f=\frac{1}{T}=\frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{LC} }" height="50" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/aaro2KaOnhJMy689uaYne5qBi-wYVZzacI55jeXPxWaYWcc_o8D0nL_s9t506hFtJDXn73TG3DfemVKfHJPYtJBRbNtFAAIZak_kc7skA5zk6FQS0hPnvRXKwic7QqjkB6TV5jQdWmHDwjRMRshm-B8" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="165" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">d. Bước s&oacute;ng điện từ:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 235px; height: 44px;"><img alt="\large \lambda =c.T=\frac{c}{f}=c.2\pi \sqrt{LC}" height="44" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/tEQygv5fwKPnaACdEyBV5IxVkh8Etz-uRCfNX98_jvTRiNZ0DI-kPtn-v4IHC6i9eypQuDD-v9mGAwBRalxNPK8Yqz5zghC167rmEt8Iln5qIQpZFqcAEyIr5iwdgt4S5dvTj_Q8L2ncVUujDvpjgz4" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="235" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Với Cs = 3.108 m/s: Vận tốc &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng.&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">e. Năng lượng mạch dao động:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Năng lượng điện trường:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 247px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large W_{C}=\frac{1}{2}CU^{2}=\frac{1}{2}qu=\frac{1}{2}\frac{q^{2}}{C}" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/bzqFKiUT_pe2KumjIyV5bSaspQFuyB-O-gvkZToAOV2BZPdAmfKPDi9H8445GksE-srmyBEjQJrllbKgizK9-xSilDTSphZBUE-ky81CSFvwvpMEXooK3gEAWAPqSR9y1CYBfcgODm_lz9xShOaBTLA" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="247" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Năng lượng điện trường cực đại:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 304px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large W_{C_{max}}=\frac{1}{2}CU_{o}^{2}=\frac{1}{2}Q_{o}U_{o}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{Q_{o}^{2}}{C}" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/z499NBDm9yZHU1ZoZaFkycfWmWbN4MSIBFLNz4OhL-fOb-seoY88sIszzCu-WAvbwGeRGmbVArj3QLvXFgyf0vv2mogeurwLNakdcYQQYooygiz818l94RMGYtm0WO-SUxdh5FEaK0L0EvYJDC3oZRI" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="304" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Năng lượng từ trường:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 133px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large W_{Lmax}=\frac{1}{2}Li^{2}" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/mppd0QvfcbuhcJ32LJVXnx1C3QPcl_p_6D0TTZzCSNzvDqLhIh7B-_6GurEgXU74msHAsECnWZtOCZ6Wsbbffrg2PQmjna2kQ0IS_Px_2scj7o6Ba5O5_d9h2JlXGaSNyRrfGeFIigrblVL1f2nPCaY" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="133" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Năng lượng từ trường cực đại:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 137px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large W_{Lmax}=\frac{1}{2}LI_{o}^{2}" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/qMZXJYoaGpP3lr693YPCP7WLwBzgKqE9Opy1oIbtfjCMXsu2wLrRI32FkNwVgJWL76kV2bnCecXE3ZydZl9S7hhtYH51o6qxzYaOi6digp7O-pY1jxB8p4skS8gx3IZxIBRe0BpOVdHCTuf4pYtvSHM" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="137" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Năng lượng điện từ: W = WC + WL&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 447px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large W=\frac{1}{2}Cu^{2}+\frac{1}{2}Li^{2}=\frac{1}{2}qu+\frac{1}{2}Li^{2}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{q^{2}}{C}+\frac{1}{2}Li^{2}" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/IkYdcMfaKgu2v_9AMYVUA1d8i8X247pybW26DPqsPXxb46yQ5UGWN3ilKXlR7APayYtOjlcK4PtNsd_95Zn-nfFebL2ZXa_I5SHulkDkguvpiad4uk8Rv8ZiDixsg0eEZpT929RrPXN8XOGDoZT2kI8" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="447" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 558px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large \Rightarrow W=W_{Cmax}=W_{Lmax}=\frac{1}{2}CU_{o}^{2}=\frac{1}{2}Q_{o}U_{o}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{Q_{o}^{2}}{C}=\frac{1}{2}LI_{o}^{2}" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/dwkRNqpZxBL-u2swtQhxNEVWR-HKCYFwJoWJADlqCCvk9RKWfB9SiAOI_y9Qt10rG4IrSSzZeu4e0ZEZ9lZtYooF8RNL1u85lLvep5QgAjSPoFAVBl5oZYKCHyeNLjC967R-_M1uHhrWT3_olKllEuY" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="558" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2. &Ocirc;n thi học k&igrave; 2 lớp 12 m&ocirc;n l&yacute;: Giao thoa &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng</span></h2>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2.1 &Aacute;nh s&aacute;ng đơn sắc:&nbsp;</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 271px; height: 220px;"><img height="220" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/6JvUs7xZdhACekYgtT0ZQSxYA4JPwv3S0M1AfvXbiKVcn1HPT2yFMuhCNW-KUDkUHkZZPbMeQhPvi0k20v9WkP9K0LuzSeHHQjrPajIhcwjvsdONoMqIG5FjYOgF0hjwXj2to23bCbU3rLCk2I4j3as" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="271" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Ta c&oacute;: a l&agrave; khoảng c&aacute;ch giữa 2 khe S1 v&agrave; S2</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">D l&agrave; khoảng c&aacute;ch từ 2 khe tới m&agrave;n</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 11px; height: 16px;"><img alt="\large \lambda" height="16" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/AihUs6duM3SHkRQGeQ-aUUECGrdtwneJU_QmsTaTG3BNvgJAJUg4Ilb_opfWnOl5eioc4unspf9MRse2hdF8S9TY8LXtnQn59xrmP8q37yDgsYJvQ7MHysW2QQffb70hNfWsipKbsdhDQ4LMJjLgK1M" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="11" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> l&agrave; bước s&oacute;ng của &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng k&iacute;ch th&iacute;ch</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">x l&agrave; khoảng c&aacute;ch từ vị tr&iacute; v&acirc;n đang x&eacute;t tới v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng trung t&acirc;m.&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Khoảng v&acirc;n: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 69px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large i=\frac{\lambda D}{a}" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/zpwY_JcMLsct9kMs6ZVCKGYugKt5T-gOnXtW6SrKMusDxeXF13yzjJD65Z-lc5zSquIAfOuSjhmfom2ldp-Gr_dM008OY9MTo5SEIEbMfhrPOyIRzup4I94Y_Xs3CRgFDjW0AjFf87xEOiHhfWm_Yxo" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="69" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Vị tr&iacute; v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 136px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large x=k\frac{\lambda D}{a}=ki" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/5VjEWd_2SZDSEFR-9K2rbftNHFjtW0LWwFvMgjA-HQkczJhWIddzMQXLXzdbUWo5MwafHs8ew1tMPjsIOWkfIq_cmDbIH6nEH-U2KxTv_J5gXQJGsG-vDY8QFp7HvwDC3laSs0qX6zeS0VQQNiPykuc" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="136" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Vị tr&iacute; v&acirc;n tối: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 267px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large x=(k+\frac{1}{2})\frac{\lambda D}{a}=(k+0,5)i" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/ZhoCexhGOQRUNgB_uZcXJ3RUA4kEKMXAjT4oibEoRsb1ZwEehMM5qxjMvZH2_YkaUaMBGgzYDRL7m5WhyewdNre5Fp3eJuCmS_P6NCO4u5z_Os77EGbEC4juiiOJU5yHmf8XLMPtvyktsP4XLRqtW2g" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="267" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Khoảng c&aacute;ch giữa 2 v&acirc;n x1 v&agrave; x2:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ C&ugrave;ng ph&iacute;a: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 136px; height: 23px;"><img alt="\large \Delta x=|x_{1}-x_{2}|" height="23" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/HUuAy_iWt08KH4UxTTnJn_g5p4QpAZIDSNA4XFkwBMVnMX3xVJAKrlouIR3ib4PfBpKN2XkIsXdSFnbo5irHNupW3i8BxPpYxrczEM82EHHVF3n3SeLNXnA9EsicWvDdrBTRSyQvVWTITQJjHP2WN8Q" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="136" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ Kh&aacute;c ph&iacute;a: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 124px; height: 20px;"><img alt="\large \Delta x=x_{1}+x_{2}" height="20" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/M32xWq_fZt8B39eWoXOS-VpB1_E7bDEYV5AtT91IGyj6vOZWwQJI7CCz98TzH5CDngyxMAkW6IFYNpoJ09Z10KnfTJpB2ZFnEsiLzKpx3sG9MGJM5fg588VvjDdxpEZ-7SsyDrzsonWbJr2eL4IazNg" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="124" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- X&eacute;t vị tr&iacute; x c&aacute;ch v&acirc;n trung t&acirc;m cho v&acirc;n g&igrave;:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ V&acirc;n s&aacute;ng tứ k: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 54px; height: 39px;"><img alt="\large \frac{x}{i}=k" height="39" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/RPQHNQvMtmKkhNHRsXLCOHz_5rl3g1KxS9deLsz_UZY8QkME_K3sMsU2_loM6aBcnND_Ehgls1G_5NWtKtfPfRiydo9yclicRBpU1cqgfv2UdwyotBm7BjhmUXoKaYwUUOgtOVQROg8sk8pPEzcOmS4" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="54" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ V&acirc;n tối thứ k+1: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 112px; height: 39px;"><img alt="\large \frac{x}{i}=k +0,5" height="39" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/3ZUmcumI0RSW2MLxTUigTeoRmoYoQkgYXKfnL0_I2dTD8uvyx9FWe2mKmPD-aSVyPAzqpZgCGMyE--2YdxQTdOhmSyXXLsrsQHRWyw-yB8H3LhOH7yF6iFd90Mj-jshNCh0kroTOS6cWM59vkZAYsG4" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="112" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ Hai v&acirc;n tr&ugrave;ng nhau: x1 = x2</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- T&igrave;m số v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng, v&acirc;n tối quan s&aacute;t được tr&ecirc;n bề rộng trường giao thoa L:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ Số khoảng v&acirc;n tr&ecirc;n nửa trường: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 63px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large n=\frac{L}{2i}" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/mI1Wkix-Viqf6ucioL84DRjPhp__8dxCJu6UIJ98QtL2MlNtcP5Kfc2s8ou6UYLMmvLgCJAPBh9LmI6Lh1NTO4gscXkGGJEY3wjvishM9waGLaSyjeP1OD8pUg5ESH1IVSaL0nZogYd6gyqkVufsuG0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="63" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Ns = (phần nguy&ecirc;n của n) x 2 + 1</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Nt = (phần l&agrave;m tr&ograve;n của n) x 2</span></p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2.2 Giao thoa với &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng trắng</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 208px; height: 20px;"><img alt="\large 0,4\mu m\leq \lambda \leq 0,75\mu m" height="20" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/WA9RXRzzwW6ppk6PKt5QWFsHifwQxnkpThHTWeBR-QR_yLda5AIMb2No6QnMDYfG2ICICeOlRT-KQZMaKKS7gkU78utbKvhs__F3aswZ01CA_CiOQASeG6gG3dNjoYuy1UC6dCxEq3IlNd91kcS8-sg" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="208" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Bề rộng quang phổ bậc 1 (với k = 1)</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 293px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large \Delta x_{1}=x_{d1}-x_{t1}=k\frac{D}{a}(\lambda _{d}-\lambda _{t})" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/jVJ574hNRqD_TSlXS0MIQt06_5HF1DSBrDfl9vwW5K0Fjld3puxs-9w7ztSg4ur2Z4u43CxhueQ309dTcIgS5G3BuSCeMwELxDJTMKGx4__Rd3RXBWcievaEuNPbkgpTJaXCz2c0Ct6BBeAj2xDpF9w" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="293" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Bề rộng quang phổ bậc 2&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 115px; height: 20px;"><img alt="\large \Delta x_{2}=2\Delta x_{1}" height="20" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/zO6Q7TVhgZWRTAYgw7L1wXCszIUnsgPM5ObpCMKdh2QtLfu_4LqB47JfyRCtUGKLq6iP1bIrihCnnFcMFY9zxJ2JIMJbJFDMZED8SoJFyQFAtVw92nplINKelv57tsV6MPVLw0xHBZKDZXMnIeiGzVE" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="115" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Điểm M c&aacute;ch v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng trung t&acirc;m 1 khoảng x cho bao nhi&ecirc;u v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng, bao nhi&ecirc;u v&acirc;n tối:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ Tại M cho v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 103px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large x_{M}=k\frac{\lambda D}{a}" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/TP02z6mAflPIVfntbo6Bib_i__GRybluDG76WtKvo3EjkJSy-CrsgOgCI8tdw0NeaEoc8ajoZEjG-9JCjgGn2alXezjJoVR7-Ef48SqZI48sNBozU8zy4tY4L4F3r5dtyAtYBkc6Bp-A21wc-cgZBfk" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="103" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 435px; height: 39px;"><img alt="\large \Rightarrow \lambda =\frac{ax_{M}}{kD}(\mu m)\Rightarrow 0,4\mu m\leq \frac{ax_{M}}{kD}\leq 0,75\mu m" height="39" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/WxLeLl7AeBNlp3O2QQ0rpJe9tytJ4Qx8xzASkgJmh16EAswZRgcl8OpUllhTWuxl_nbTXtIzR4XeJWRCc6AvCie9t3W-4KDjUZksPvl3ndJXSYCvnG9vxxUHq5r_tQgwkWaiwyQz55cGiNQld7q938s" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="435" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">=&gt; C&aacute;c gi&aacute; trị k (k nguy&ecirc;n).&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ Tại M cho v&acirc;n tối:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 180px; height: 53px;"><img alt="\large x_{M}=\left ( k+\frac{1}{2} \right )\frac{\lambda D}{a}" height="53" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/xjIVUdyadZgvNOFRP5bO3PADlGoKBiXGNJq-s3Wa5iGYeLu2KiOVAurpT-f5i6Tc1noG1IVr8w2aOboFdAOJ7LrhWOiEN5MAtw4O8XEeAYqYy7P74i4ktIEcMqZea7145UkuFI9k7hJ6ZvgC9JM5axY" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="180" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 515px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large \Rightarrow \lambda =\frac{ax_{M}}{(k+0,5)D}\Rightarrow 0,4\mu m\leq \frac{ax_{M}}{(k+0,5)D}\leq 0,75\mu m" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/pg6xQvsXNz9eWL4cYK2Mi2UGKjpOfge8rG07MT1p0VPvF6-6L3r6dQRFuxT50XGk3aTjCnQvs3ZiaKKBmyDXqKUu0cqFmMtgpoV3A0Si1XhkKL9lEOysD6_SLPrJt4PgxGkLPpvHErHfq_Ol-BAnuaY" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="515" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">=&gt; C&aacute;c gi&aacute; trị k (k nguy&ecirc;n).</span></p>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">3. &Ocirc;n thi học k&igrave; 2 lớp 12 m&ocirc;n l&yacute;: Lượng tử &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng</span></h2>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Điều kiện xảy ra hiện tượng quang điện: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 62px; height: 19px;"><img alt="\large \lambda &lt;\lambda _{o}" height="19" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/WxmYttoOX402iLwGrcYo3os7WB8kyGQYup-RRkXKuhDIkaMnXEqWyde_ddMPlfRtwk1MT-UfRfQJ_A2dP8RlPrO11TlEd9usom3voWXGZeRwU-GAWLcOv5iAJgxPzjNC88phGc6aq8gyUWPSIg-SyvI" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="62" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">, trong đ&oacute;:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 11px; height: 16px;"><img alt="\large \lambda" height="16" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/HEUfH7sBSHRj2ryHdITV0vdSduWws3y_lepPGmxD18PyWxkEEx9ZsB3Tp4qlW4dvuMXxPfTewoNQhJm5y4znN-ZkZ_Pf6jb6vvk5Cf49iTBQFDUU2WshwYIq0mmtBc_mD28_Ji3wO4H-IMlAl-fYCEU" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="11" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">: Bước s&oacute;ng &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng k&iacute;ch th&iacute;ch</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 20px; height: 19px;"><img alt="\large \lambda _{o}" height="19" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/_mhKtu2UckPPpu54z9O5NNebYUdodYV7qLZXEcWhxENg0wovyWwB6qNSzZ3WgN3x3-kroc4y1ARvRW97GlIpj6x1YiWs3Sn78iPBzU7L8Vq6QuzMayDLSjGWP58F_zm6XU20jiqyfM1jQ-QjTF_WQF0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="20" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> : Bước s&oacute;ng giới hạn của kim loại</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Năng lượng của photon &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 148px; height: 46px;"><img alt="\large \varepsilon =hf=\frac{hc}{\lambda }(J)" height="46" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/wsGsMT60RNvPq34okSh5hCeIkrZRfToXchDjvUN2sTSBm-Qx4ClUHgMlxjrGn5ABZdhYbAkhTfJk4A8TDfXLZHnihAwmP7o5gQETkZvBhh4VqJ2E0BUsGGv6yYGrwTvE_HnAaccjiCdQYvTOJjy_cVw" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="148" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- C&ocirc;ng tho&aacute;t của electron:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 100px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large A=\frac{hc}{\lambda _{o}}(J)" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/aEdLwGGALXqIzRKwKiuIwCigOzj6jCSt7o7NzzP_bOsHeHqR-cr9m4q5iAC--OIN_JEbNTY36x6mR4RMf-thnK3dcSvxBwdj2vL-ERMNhS8C-nJWVYUqN-dRSze_-iFwsKgB8wx-VwbeZWoOoQjFC90" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="100" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Phương tr&igrave;nh Anhxtanh: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 146px; height: 22px;"><img alt="\large \varepsilon =A+W_{d_{o}max}" height="22" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/E_lsbTWaNGyvq-q3JHUmus-rsXoWiR5LzuCDZclJK-TokJekAfUaGqlmXMmRzu6bnqvTZuexIsRVonhr64Sk4JDljVBVvJJUzrr6J3QkpJ8-VVpl_xSgMZemhenbJSGBfg1hdtbTy9XJBeQns5EuMj8" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="146" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Cường độ d&ograve;ng quang điện:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 126px; height: 39px;"><img alt="\large I_{bh}=\frac{n_{e}.e}{t}(A)" height="39" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/swRiW80-a9fzzsZS8n6lyEIEjitZC7-A-j7SGSmoQazh9Vs4O52TNJMXySsBPW11RSAwt8hK9PG2PZ7lVredx6y34HYo9_YnMB2hvvgHTe_rzluukUSlJwSCfU_8fHhBnkE4nmb4cr-kRxY1oOgn4A0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="126" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- C&ocirc;ng suất nguồn bức xạ:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 85px; height: 39px;"><img alt="\large P=\frac{n_{p}.\varepsilon }{t}" height="39" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/XtSP1dGPJ0j7RjuZe8flLf-OWTYJ5aaYKEfDizJocbRXAd6aqq94BAJGmHNObiQgzFkGPNveZYIlLTcNi3eDbFF0U9J68NtQfLkbtxecUuc0_B600pHqWMPP68JwTcde9IsEqvreTqL7K2UvunyF9IY" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="85" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Hiệu suất lượng tử:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 105px; height: 46px;"><img alt="\large H=\frac{n_{e}}{n_{p}}(%)" height="46" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/Qrt7R7xjRkxcBEzAPcbnFzLWUmKOxbBT4dE_hRuoB9XDPJ8etQHjSFoxsEY4Iwd3FSdbC7XoSwElTALZ8txYfI4FgcxrI_2zWncvWhYIS-1eDFQ2MYfOhyoESvByyZyR5FumTxlEgeqFMcsL1IQnjpc" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="105" /></span></span></p>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">4.&nbsp; &Ocirc;n thi học k&igrave; 2 lớp 12 m&ocirc;n l&yacute; : Hạt nh&acirc;n nguy&ecirc;n tử&nbsp;</span></h2>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">4.1 Cấu tạo hạt nh&acirc;n:&nbsp;</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Hạt nh&acirc;n </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 28px; height: 25px;"><img alt="\large _{Z}^{A}\textrm{X}" height="25" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/3ai1DZD-9Pizpfz84ampme-EhqxZrt9M-gA76wnILF_9f6Ex8jx2zLJsB9KB50tsiVLpWi5VE3gyF0Mb5lts8fQJKvUoJskniZWgb7R-HZ6st8cElOs5tmezh0R1q2P7w-iHPbI6vSdslflDYK7Y710" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="28" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> c&oacute; A nuclon; Z pr&ocirc;t&ocirc;n; N = (A &ndash; Z) nơtr&ocirc;n.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Li&ecirc;n hệ giữa năng lượng v&agrave; khối lượng: E = mc2</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Đột hụt khối của hạt nh&acirc;n:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 303px; height: 24px;"><img alt="\large \Delta m=Zm_{p}+(A-Z)m_{n}-m_{hn}" height="24" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/GMQVW_J43xXA5RY2RhDtUNiJ7sjivOmHdP_lYiGqzpF-kbSDsfm873NFQAQdn3If_ra3fSb1Bck9jY0-evMy7-toNvW3eMl7UgjY-jxOMZMqP8Y6cBnU-Kpd2WQa6F16OWnPXIbq2PGqzTrnXN6YvuM" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="303" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Năng lượng li&ecirc;n kết: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 121px; height: 23px;"><img alt="\large W_{lk}=\Delta m.c^{2}" height="23" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/I6oZfMj8sUpQcBzBXQwG_Y7ZhA8N04IKPryH5WsShhoSJUuZRg4ZJrvlfM9Q8RC0fv5sz5JbO0vSD2fk4GedcKz1UaTmLnQVg9BEdKal1c_HgoF3PrcvComoeL9-ncU0fE7z673aQ3R7cHv-AF6YBCU" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="121" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Năng lượng li&ecirc;n kết ri&ecirc;ng: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 106px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large W_{lkr}=\frac{W_{lk}}{A}" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/4OnRQRpoQ8ihdz5vBsi8IsC9fJNbsxD-BM7hU4EVKlO3qydns7r5a4oEGBguEGgA3ucFBwiO_a6_bD_lIP3V7AIevW7kCiAJmWwryiqT465kmzRhGC1x7Zn2QTW0ix0ffxrGTswRfhJVx8iofNfN0Cg" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="106" /></span></span></p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">4.2 Ph&oacute;ng xạ&nbsp;</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Gọi T l&agrave; chu k&igrave; b&aacute;n r&atilde;, t l&agrave; thời gian ph&oacute;ng xạ. Hằng số ph&oacute;ng xạ:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 73px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large \lambda =\frac{ln2}{T}" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/rW3zEzKfdG99uOxjqcMpTCe77VENxNZ8Pf1JmBJlY34xD4Q85gHX7meWaQpzLlojDdpoUE2QGrJF3MW0Rgvm4-fzLRD4V8QzgYPtftBi6SVdeYeiVrt0ILnHFW9QsYE-5XOY1f5iuYVYtUBy-Iuj4tc" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="73" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Gọi mo: Khối lượng chất ph&oacute;ng xạ l&uacute;c đầu (g)</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">m: Khối lượng chất ph&oacute;ng xạ c&ograve;n lại</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">No: Số nguy&ecirc;n tử ban đầu</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">N: Số nguy&ecirc;n tử c&ograve;n lại</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">A: Số khối hạt nh&acirc;n</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Ho: Độ ph&oacute;ng xạ l&uacute;c đầu (Bq)</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">H: Độ ph&oacute;ng xạ l&uacute;c sau (Bq)</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 208px; height: 25px;"><img alt="\large m=m_{o}.2^{\frac{-t}{T}}=m_{o}.e^{-\lambda t}" height="25" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/7RQKOJOgfOvNQgA9w247TmaJB-yV04_aK1S2gK5sR_OEb531XSyGhdagrHBkFZZ9W2kHM5akOgChw3vZBak55S6B_AXlrXlM3bvG-hbMLXOYSz_7nnIhH2O14EN6I7v9acC7JX3QRZ17YFeBsPNNAl0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="208" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 284px; height: 25px;"><img alt="\large N=\lambda N=\lambda N_{o}.2^{-\frac{t}{T}}=N_{o}.e^{-\lambda t}" height="25" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/si0jjUGfvdvc42i6A_RvvYOEdXl3uDNvEmaLNfyJso9JwCAwIETsvwe2J_56f8l2UMSPFFKgbUbCncp3STzjYZdOwlkaDnl3JxhQUhxbB_oyTcP0EGby0FdP3U3279YZM_dIQsjiAgqCQQbWJKYghrI" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="284" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 270px; height: 25px;"><img alt="\large H=\lambda N=\lambda N_{o}.2^{\frac{-t}{T}}=H_{o}.2^{\frac{-t}{T}}" height="25" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/9touGDjlsm1RrNEVUJm75OoAeXDboI3rdcPmaejaMMMToNN0SdPxExtcjPwGRdb30VFcovzNXfHBFfbJEpG9slOGCZ009kZ6NofU5G6aanhuHTd-CEtcBCij3SORuAgZyUJXbG5vYKRhvhdUv8ElVXI" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="270" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 112px; height: 39px;"><img alt="\large N_{o}=\frac{m_{o}}{A}N_{A}" height="39" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/uMmPfCOyHweyVheO-nTdhzf2zJZm8lSXk8mxNphHI3KZRSnGMdLDCTVERniiqVyb1mN-jhJmlNjB2z2fyfN3SS-0NPwHHRcmjwee-x9HuSS9Pio1nwknirCmcJkDevaHx9cRPKzDCDRq8lvW4xqMzbc" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="112" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Khối lượng hạt nh&acirc;n mẹ bị ph&acirc;n r&atilde; sau thời gian t:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 180px; height: 28px;"><img alt="\large \Delta m=m_{o}(1-2^{-\frac{t}{T}})" height="28" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/lZcBOuRt3xeifiXh7QvR9LcTeEhbqgNzwlECTi6iEZW-TIvP3zYWBcAakQH-cc-VdjWKyFI6vlCU33y5ULOKTgbjkGVyEjayOKq5SPmpWe3uasHhmLw44DzxpK-EQ8aDUT4SzJ9sIkGyoPU-3eQjJho" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="180" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Số hạt nh&acirc;n con mới được tạo th&agrave;nh bằng số hạt nh&acirc;n mẹ bị ph&acirc;n r&atilde; sau thời gian t:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 333px; height: 28px;"><img alt="\large N'=\Delta N=N_{o}-N=N_{o}(1-2^{-\frac{t}{T}})" height="28" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/NkzzAWcXWqwTPJx9G95gXcCX1eAchKVmLbwzM_R_mxe1LD6jiErgT9zlSTDi_K0ugHnDRW_SPLYckm1-9hRMvAN_LFrkY5JtB-N9bvyZYi2cX0iMSJbwxt_j95rYcNE24n5aWTn5Wig7x-SPB1fveWA" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="333" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Tỉ lệ hạt nh&acirc;n c&ograve;n lại: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 60px; height: 48px;"><img alt="\large \frac{N}{N_{o}}(%)" height="48" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/IvWH-WFatPRcBl9BOQKC7R8AR9sqXunC5SQI4Mhn1mMv4-kDkbf0cTEk-KDFQF0ZGcD9F8JXZLuF7svLzsv_p0t0grC8bkbMlvme3SuHADxMN8jc2gRkvfHK94qP1eD0TA-UkPa__l2Mns_g_n0SMSc" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="60" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Tỉ lệ hạt nh&acirc;n bị ph&acirc;n r&atilde;: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 72px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large \frac{\Delta N}{N_{o}}(%)" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/XNO-BYr80-zwrU7CBASz0pq_yxpmyLoo0VDnyBFopSK4G2CTSPgvY3p2hnGfY_WVS5XY297PjpGBfWUZCUd5Y3gNszax-bWDse_GT10Gk_jNIPh4fV9JgGCAwoesna1XxYViilhr9kt3vBO4r9MuISk" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="72" /></span></span></p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">4.3 Phản ứng hạt nh&acirc;n</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Trong phản ứng hạt nh&acirc;n:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 261px; height: 29px;"><img alt="\large _{Z_{1}}^{A_{1}}\textrm{X}_{1}+_{Z_{2}}^{A_{2}}\textrm{X}_{2}\rightarrow _{Z_{3}}^{A_{3}}\textrm{X}_{3}+_{Z_{4}}^{A_{4}}\textrm{X}_{4}" height="29" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/Q4RJOoZdcSmWhAyMPxI45k5viIUPdNuwwFW0hAkbzVuiw1F8Sodobo4gWPNGfNJs9KlZI-PeezpxST1hkAntP03FpUkxVyQCn726MiBwo71DkyrBhfa91n9frfSFgbgk6WWfAsV8ajCyQY0DROHYsFE" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="261" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ Số nuclon v&agrave; số điện t&iacute;ch được bảo to&agrave;n:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">A1 + A2 = A3 + A4&nbsp; v&agrave; Z1 + Z2 = Z3 + Z4</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ Năng lượng tỏa ra hoặc thu v&agrave;o trong phản ứng hạt nh&acirc;n:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">W = (m1 + m2 - m3 - m4).c2</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ Nếu m1 + m2 &gt; m3 + m4 =&gt;&nbsp; W &gt; 0 th&igrave; phản ứng hạt nh&acirc;n tỏa năng lượng.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">+ Nếu m1 + m2 &lt; m3 + m4 =&gt; W &lt; 0 th&igrave; phản ứng hạt nh&acirc;n thu năng lượng.&nbsp;</span></p>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">5. &Ocirc;n thi học k&igrave; 2 lớp 12 m&ocirc;n l&yacute;: B&agrave;i tập thực h&agrave;nh&nbsp;</span></h2>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">B&agrave;i 1: Cường độ d&ograve;ng điện trong một mạch dao động l&iacute; tưởng c&oacute; phương tr&igrave;nh </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 182px; height: 26px;"><img alt="\large i=2\sqrt{2}cos(2\pi t10^{7})" height="26" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/Jlpzs95OK67msBw63cmATewEg717qpgTxCH7bu03fSyypWpbofqeXeuONbiNqB4kNO5o59a8j3u-YlOAHFzV182vUZwp0nzVT-3gp5tMnH5dZk4GQkeu3KlHnK-Nz_74DXBIPLcVQ_5ZM2VWt34R9nE" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="182" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> mA (t t&iacute;nh bằng gi&acirc;y). Khoảng thời gian ngắn nhất t&iacute;nh từ l&uacute;c i = 0 đến i = 2 mA l&agrave; bao nhi&ecirc;u?</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 367px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large \Delta t=\frac{T}{8}=\frac{2\pi }{8\omega }=\frac{2\pi }{8.2\pi .10^{7}}=1,25.10^{-8}s" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/hcZoNaB-aBbH9AS1_FY9X2YGROc1L1nlps3KPzeF8bwM6X3KGf4yLzMNoMWMI6DjvazEhAdCT1jAL7MSeRFHkw9wNkYL80LrTI6k-lAdgvcqyxQv7GYc5ZhAO2HNsM9GkkMFkNKFvRCB4fAF5rSe6fA" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="367" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">B&agrave;i 2: Đồ thị biểu diễn sự phụ thuộc v&agrave;o thời gian của điện t&iacute;ch ở một bản tụ điện trong mạch dao động LC l&iacute; tưởng c&oacute; dạng như h&igrave;nh vẽ. Phương tr&igrave;nh dao động của điện t&iacute;ch ở bản tụ điện n&agrave;y l&agrave;?</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 209px; height: 123px;"><img height="123" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/c4EIoa6C5FGWYtC5aLsjIWnp8ON3GLC_OnkX0vN85Tmi4fkcIw8yXTSlipa3XAWJDOsjZR30P_4YIsD-RSOVlTyIThYwkb2jB73VU2i6Ld36lzJKpbvEktZ-xRnVHxkofeRYtgYFrna_UTvRrE6FaY4" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="209" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Dựa v&agrave;o đồ thị ta thấy:</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 533px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large \frac{T}{12}+\frac{T}{2}=7.10^{-7}s\rightarrow T=12.10^{-7}s; \omega =\frac{2\pi }{T}=\frac{10^{7}\pi }{6}rad/s" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/df5VEGpM4Vva-g8f9jWAMw62FOo-HRnzboiBF20tIiEyKPmxWdLMSFD1Lazaw00JqdR9ONphCBNlgq5G1BnChhjmFAcz-8lMuUeZhMFjFPFJzOZxm_J49Hw7AWKgnExbnc6ucw2cUgqmswAqnZnZWyo" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="533" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 227px; height: 50px;"><img alt="\large cos\varphi =\frac{q}{q_{o}}=\frac{1}{2}cos\left ( \pm \frac{\pi }{3} \right )" height="50" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/C9mA8cCKsHGIOUiZ1IouQVY16XaTkieIftOqm2iPxMP944YYpjXkn_Z80dEOlgLGxp4_OujcNpAY2qNIySMernWbvK5yzhbgVIx7-eO16fqUjoyX7Wc5tQD4eiEu4jI7krbEvCdfAWFg4tx5dK53HQI" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="227" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Do q giảm n&ecirc;n: </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 57px; height: 39px;"><img alt="\large \varphi =\frac{\pi }{3}" height="39" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/kTSrOPu5gN7RWHTPFJJa3svstST6kbiSwUgdL1jvI3PpFwvPFwYEGT1RJbdELRmkaHz4Ii8r4cCOUbtcwTdIHMQVpbOK-xy73Qd1zg9dbQns_qg66qdY9awl3XURUDM-aXk8MT8NByxcuYXCutlQ8OY" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="57" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">=&gt; Phương tr&igrave;nh dao động l&agrave;:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 256px; height: 55px;"><img alt="\large q=q_{o}cos\left ( \frac{10^{7}\pi }{6}t +\frac{\pi }{3}\right )(C)" height="55" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/exK3xP5bg53nNDZGdqBMzV9Pgr4XxwE4_nmmq375CSZtMg58g8kvd90ypXjLdh9rrFuLqxPgW5R6UEhvOH9SbYc19oqgQxufS-YbPXVoaYzR3G-N3KBRpI4g-G21zWd0YssHmQS7IPJG2kxkDTDf7Jw" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="256" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">B&agrave;i 3: Một mạch dao động gồm tụ điện c&oacute; điện dung 20 nF, cuộn cảm c&oacute; độ tự cảm 8 &micro;H v&agrave; điện trở thuần 0,1 &omega;. Để duy tr&igrave; dao động của mạch với điện &aacute;p cực đại giữa hai bản tụ l&agrave; 10 V trong 1 ng&agrave;y đ&ecirc;m th&igrave; phải cung cấp cho mạch một năng lượng tối thiểu l&agrave;?</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Bảo to&agrave;n năng lượng c&oacute;:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 291px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large W=\frac{LI_{o}^{2}}{2}=\frac{CU_{o}^{2}}{2}\rightarrow I_{o}^{2}=\frac{CU_{o}^{2}}{L}" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/tLYETquvPOoFQ7oBrmla1vkpWK5H4yutHzSfcL6DjyLNmdC90C0AE_wJ6HqOs-MR3dRqCs1xZSb-NqptPWuWPvFV7pmBwS-tW561eRtAU6sO7yYm6-NTGsHbIEuQQGFPuSchMZduMLPFQNGRaulqL1A" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="291" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Năng lượng cần cung cấp trong 1 ng&agrave;y l&agrave;:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 298px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large W=Q=I^{2}rt=\frac{I_{o}^{2}}{2}rt=\frac{CU_{o}^{2}}{2L}rt" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/9LH1xOUsrJEGK4FAw_wKYw__X0faYLB8oNpbi50ejcGIS4uUuDIg1wWqZ_8V1s64hIcGcW44lPCvfVm316m0sPZ2NnsidDenhplakXbSuUKPJ6CfxYuFVNJ8PdNoQLjd6wCLKxgvKq4-WZN52Y7j75s" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="298" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 426px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large =\frac{20.10^{-9}.10^{2}}{2.8.10^{-6}}.0,1.24.3600=1080J=1,08kJ" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/E64-X7y3LFfbayIGNbbUWTi05xpKcxTUHTZb3OTEdkSGDUpqORS1U8dJPerrEWcK3Fs7SlCGGVnffAONKzBui3XwVXkHCnCrewl89sc_rOB9ekQDAsr-AS4LmXfoNVJFZIN9nMHSpNDkiH0YFtZZttA" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="426" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">B&agrave;i 4: Trong th&iacute; nghiệm Y-&acirc;ng về giao thoa &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng, biết D = 2,5m; a = 1mm; &lambda; = 0,6 &mu;m. Bề rộng trường giao thoa đo được l&agrave; 12,5mm. Số v&acirc;n quan s&aacute;t được tr&ecirc;n m&agrave;n l&agrave;?</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 444px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large i=\frac{\lambda D}{a}=\frac{0,6. 10^{-6}.2,5}{10^{-3}}=1,5.10^{-3}m=1,5mm" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/_dwpuRSSTWzfJ6-64tT_sJRRZ3ntOQJIQXRSE8aUrAUfsbcL2rIyLVgayZDzpmKTYVE3AVIhfwbv9ws811uT40w5MuiOCAObEfskTTKEZlHWP0uVLq7PZJNQ8WvsvFES3_pgYDtQ8NpBuTY60kuxYW0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="444" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Số v&acirc;n tr&ecirc;n một nửa trường giao thoa:</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 170px; height: 50px;"><img alt="\large \frac{L}{2i}=\frac{12,5}{2.1,5}=4,16" height="50" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/M3F98ChsfCVqOeQMVmVIKwGcSNbYsh3weKyxX0ypXZw7eNdvhSmLRN-tOIWWmkV02bpbmFH23Lg98co0nlL8xVsPRBG469RFfHL_flCaM34wl0Ab72a6Eu4HMGcOH2bnJ-1OORJZ106DvvC9MpRKIeU" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="170" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">&rArr; Số v&acirc;n tối quan s&aacute;t được tr&ecirc;n m&agrave;n l&agrave;: Nt = 2.4 = 8 v&acirc;n tối.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">V&agrave; số v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng quan s&aacute;t được tr&ecirc;n m&agrave;n l&agrave;: Ns = 2.4 + 1 = 9 v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">B&agrave;i 5: Thực hiện giao thoa &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng với nguồn gồm hai th&agrave;nh phần đơn sắc nh&igrave;n thấy c&oacute; bước s&oacute;ng &lambda;1 = 0,64&mu;m; &lambda;2. Tr&ecirc;n m&agrave;n hứng c&aacute;c v&acirc;n giao thoa, giữa hai v&acirc;n gần nhất c&ugrave;ng m&agrave;u với v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng trung t&acirc;m đếm được 11 v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng. Trong đ&oacute;, số v&acirc;n của bức xạ &lambda;1 v&agrave; của bức xạ &lambda;2 lệch nhau 3 v&acirc;n, bước s&oacute;ng của &lambda;2 l&agrave;?</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Gọi x là khoảng cách giữa 2 VS trùng g&acirc;̀n nhau nh&acirc;́t.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Trường hợp 1: trong khoảng giữa 2 VS trùng có 7 VS của &lambda;1 và 4 VS của &lambda;2</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">K&ecirc;̉ cả 2 VS trùng thì có 9 VS của &lambda;1 và 6 VS của &lambda;2 n&ecirc;n</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">x = 8i1 = 5i2 &rarr; 8&lambda;1 = 5&lambda;2 &rarr; &lambda;2 = 1,024&mu;m (loại)</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Trường hợp 2: trong khoảng giữa 2 VS trùng có 4 VS của &lambda;1 và 7 VS của &lambda;2</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">K&ecirc;̉ cả 2 VS trùng thì có 6 VS của &lambda;1 và 9 VS của &lambda;2</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">N&ecirc;n x = 5i1 = 8i2 &rarr; 5&lambda;1 = 8&lambda;2 &rarr; &lambda;2 = 0,4&mu;m (nh&acirc;̣n).</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">B&agrave;i 6: Trong th&iacute; nghiệm Y-&acirc;ng về giao thoa &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng, khe hẹp S ph&aacute;t ra đồng thời 2 bức xạ đơn sắc c&oacute; bước s&oacute;ng &lambda;1 = 4410Ao v&agrave; &lambda;2. Tr&ecirc;n m&agrave;n trong khoảng giữa 2 v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng li&ecirc;n tiếp c&oacute; m&agrave;u giống m&agrave;u của v&acirc;n trung t&acirc;m c&ograve;n c&oacute; 9 v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng kh&aacute;c. Biết rằng 0,38 &mu;m &le; &lambda; &le; 0,76 &mu;m. Gi&aacute; trị của &lambda;2 bằng?</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải:&nbsp;</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Tr&ecirc;n đoạn giữa 2 v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng li&ecirc;n tiếp c&oacute; m&agrave;u giống m&agrave;u của v&acirc;n trung t&acirc;m c&oacute; tổng số v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng l&agrave;: 9 + 2.2 = 13 (v&acirc;n)</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Gọi n l&agrave; số v&acirc;n s&aacute;ng &lambda;1 &rarr; số khoảng v&acirc;n: k1 = n &ndash; 1</span></p>

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