<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;">VUIHOC gửi đến các em kiến thức trọng tâm, các dạng bài tập có thể xuất hiện trong đề kiểm tra khi ôn thi học kì 2 lớp 11 môn lý. Mời các em cùng theo dõi bài viết nhé!</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 602px; height: 344px;"><img height="344" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/Kel3Ut2o2Kr7Y4ybK75t85eozjp0J1xtSwyz0TZNoPTFV6KhWDPlWHxepNcWbEJN1bOJr6U5bhHZZCMX_JSy3g4uhbcnSix8nq9GKbDO5iscF6kft-T2wz_fCl4HptH42F7QQKS3r3YiMFMgLoU7k4U" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="602" /></span></span></p>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">1. Ôn thi học kì 2 lớp 11 môn lý: Điện trường</span></h2>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">1.1 Định luật Cu-lông về tương tác điện</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Điện tích được phân thành 2 loại: Điện tích dương và điện tích âm. Các điện tích cùng dấu thì đẩy nhau, trái dấu thì hút nhau. Đơn vị đo điện tích là cu-lông (C). </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Định luật cu-lông: Lực tương tác tĩnh điện giữa hai điện tích điểm đặt trong chân không có phương trùng với đường thẳng nối hai điện tích điểm đó, có độ lớn tỉ lệ thuận với tích độ lớn của các điện tích và tỉ lệ nghịch với bình phương khoảng cách giữa chúng. </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 206px; height: 50px;"><img alt="\large F=\frac{k.|q_{1}q_{2}|}{r^{2}}=\frac{|q_{1}q_{2}|}{4\pi \varepsilon _{o}r^{2}}" height="50" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/cY6j2YoQ89bqwJs7DQ5ivtB6kgsIZeKo33js-CaIrpAfKVtMfmfgPZM4JIOwnHvp9ahDzw9URAZ1JrOErrhMuZk51hF_5qRVPfgQfr89pZ1eM3QZRH1mKlgFcpYh-xllGI4ZgohwfVS4lzWLF1rqtF8" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="206" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Trong đó: </span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;">
<li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type: disc; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; text-wrap: wrap;">r là khoảng cách giữa hai điện tích điểm q1, q2</span></p>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type: disc; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; text-wrap: wrap;">k là hệ số tỉ lệ xác định bởi công thức </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; text-wrap: wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 84px; height: 48px;"><img alt="\large k=\frac{1}{4\pi \varepsilon _{o}}" height="48" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/dEgpRaLjn98lPVFypCztQXFVcweWe0XSqu-C0hk3Ne0ZnLJ3nq-GmXB-4IquH_ujCeordLRTdWAZmsWjY_oVZ8uxe0_IYiR1KjSDQ1lyXo4WKyLIsBu7ayArP3Hc_WdAPD038c-XFtu50Y9nCchMUzU" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="84" /></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">1.2 Điện trường</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Điện trường là dạng vật chất bao quanh diện tích và truyền tương tác giữa các điện tích. Tính chất cơ bản của điện trường là tác dụng lực điện lên các điện tích khác nhau đặt trong nó.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Cường độ điện trường do điện tích Q sinh ra tại một điểm là đại lượng đặc trưng cho điện trường về mặt tác dụng lực tại điểm đó. Đây là một đại lượng véc tơ và được xác định bởi biểu thức: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 74px; height: 62px;"><img alt="\large \overrightarrow{E}=\frac{\overrightarrow{F}}{q}" height="62" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/JHKvv3K_kAev3v9Z35AJMwNGQ_f_f5n_1Cn2TJStqbJAdUv7LpDkhtMDOXasW6HUdDKLEwkcoOr5zVubMOnlH65WiDV_1QnrU5RLP5-xam2z77ybUHG7B-ABXVIUsGcIUdeLHEc_MAOIPvbnpz211wI" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="74" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Đường sức điện là đường mô tả điện trường sao cho tiếp tuyến tại một điểm bất kì trên đường cũng trùng với phương của véc tơ cường độ điện trường tại điểm đó.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Cường độ điện trường do điện tích điểm Q gây ra tại một điểm M cách điện tích một đoạn r trong chân không có phương trình nằm trên đường thẳng nối điện tích và điểm M, có chiều hướng ra xa điện tích nếu Q > 0 và hướng lại gần điện tích nếu Q < 0, có độ lớn là: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 182px; height: 50px;"><img alt="\large \large E=k\frac{|Q|}{r^{2}}=\frac{|Q|}{4\pi \varepsilon _{o}r^{2}}" height="50" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/3Ardq06SQ8teHhrkiT-2rfo1s2mTrWtAetRpX1698KFn8ncVMNstiCvtezNDPa_DrhjmQS5WgqiI8fi9EkLDnuKSXltdMMdsTSNSRDjbvb53reeGbdqncFyKXOwBkizW82uh7d9C2nBh4SCQVDd1B7c" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="182" /></span></span></p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">1.3 Điện thế và thế năng điện</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Thế năng điện của một điện tích q tại một điểm trong điện trường đặc trưng cho khả năng sinh công của điện trường để dịch chuyển điện tích q từ điểm đó ra xa vô cùng. </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Điện thế tại một điểm trong điện trường là đại lượng đặc trưng cho thế năng điện tại vị trí đó và được xác định bằng công mà ta cần thực hiện để dịch chuyển một đơn vị điện tích dương từ vô cực về điểm đó. </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 99px; height: 51px;"><img alt="\large V_{A}=\frac{A'_{\infty A}}{q}" height="51" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/_gv4bptiv9BeXSXkwoQhBsCdSWgF9CdFezTxnk1C96QrPQZl_OEn-ERsm9avpdPFSQ8fFww-gyM057kCWYPk-sS773sMU6q_HOhKUCjWKDkwbBJ9L6liPSVjjq2zwDlf7WilUnsAUMaHog_nnqmSgVc" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="99" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Mối liên hệ giữa cường độ điện trường và hiệu điện thế: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 64px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large E=\frac{U}{d}" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/dU--JBvmKmT30tt5KA5N5HEQp94l54Ewqzoy733nYvoRDYLOiIJkDOZCNM9fjUFPvG0AAWnXEZOEMBUsrh1NN3c3H3cATKEiXn7QTaB9HdTZ0lYY-oBofxlgRnmFpavtFgCSv5qeGUwG55sTYsC_uzk" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="64" /></span></span></p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">1.4 Tụ điện</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Tụ điện là một hệ gồm hai vật dẫn đặt gần nhau và ngăn cách nhau bằng một lớp cách điện. Mỗi vật dẫn được gọi là một bản của tụ điện.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Điện dung của tụ điện là đại lượng đặc trưng cho khả năng tích điện của tụ và được xác định bởi: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 64px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large C=\frac{Q}{U}" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/2fzzIfL3If59o1otfvZTzxOutQs0ZUWQZLwVopKefc7N6I8Cdz5Uig0aqn2Esuk5_vng76pGVQHdE4ZcgnYPH8jptHhIbT_TlDjh36ppdSP0zu8NGLmdrp0b8C2sZQDBEoEBJdbaSKba9VrfO5ODIvs" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="64" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Công thức tụ điện mắc nối tiếp: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 261px; height: 19px;"><img alt="\large U=U_{1}+U_{2}+U_{3} + ... + U_{n}" height="19" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/Qw5sOxmCjJjRN036s9eJOiQhNmYRJVwxqk2xMg5kxApT0bfGAPA4MmqOSMAGtyexWtd8Ksx6DY6EfFAcnynUN5WfpmDFVtWkGjfZoveXO7vehXpND6PKtxDWOe3Jogk5LSHpadm6qsUZlnF4wnJPh80" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="261" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 281px; height: 20px;"><img alt="\large Q=Q_{1}=Q_{2}=Q_{3} = ... =Q_{n}" height="20" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/YjK2YDnO0Bp-j_IVFc0UCGg0JduWQdh4dcM5ejARayrG1dZ820n0PTLWS6YNekPoyS8czFy3sqFDPlGPqhBMBdTyhS2RNNx3p8eFMJUMlLmfBd4RettMTnmmal21AKBU3x0It216vKS-HkhIN0d1WA4" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="281" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 227px; height: 48px;"><img alt="\large \frac{1}{C}=\frac{1}{C_{1}}+\frac{1}{C_{2}}+...+\frac{1}{C_{n}}" height="48" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/adRA6THSx-0c1r4fD8OgvQnXbSgKuBpvcic_I3VcREqt1585sJdXcBwABfqWtLpmSvpQEZSBdt2FAQYyG6HJFaYaNWmwshB1RBShx-TxckXKnX0_kjScp4sYOPvN0IPTEjQZl_reHaGSpa_fA-A8v4w" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="227" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Công thức tụ điện mắc nối song song: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 271px; height: 19px;"><img alt="\large U=U_{1}=U_{2}=U_{3} = ... = U_{n}" height="19" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/U9Cxu9Vidt5zJeQR9-MI6XfUirkhWh6D3xys7vsbNfOLqLD7iqGHqocq1asDxPjtnnVQJIksp6BU-nhwdE63JQ5gUMIAAB6A_hyrg2HfBfbZmN4nSjNXSOuMXRLW0DTf64J9go_9dJ8rpjCJQg1iVoA" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="271" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 271px; height: 20px;"><img alt="\large Q=Q_{1}+Q_{2}+Q_{3} + ... +Q_{n}" height="20" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/nmZeqdF1ULJXyL86NWGeru0Ho5YQanxTnL-bQKl7lINrAOHRZGmw39E6z8mB-azFA4YWJp_GUjnL75M5NQDp3WszBUIhle1N72xM7PzgYdjMnhZQiBxAdPCA-cDlKkktplYEDe3qOEI9Vo8le2IsTY8" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="271" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 264px; height: 19px;"><img alt="\large C=C_{1}+C_{2}+C_{3} + ... +C_{n}" height="19" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/1kzk4nziO5wejzHrh3UNKMrNZzSAeHET10ODasntzBtjoHyopJVPYyGn_UBzA2KeZ_tYEUFrp5sNLnjLLprQWb5lI-9Ad-OZOE1Rp9B_HwybFSfdKPIJZmo4xxpvvEQrlUnhEwk8CDgDQ0IMsPAqr10" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="264" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Năng lượng của tụ điện: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 223px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large W=\frac{QU}{2}=\frac{Q^{2}}{2C}=\frac{CU^{2}}{2}" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/KQYDuxYKjXTxHwhSjZXu4rbPAytbdUbyTAug3Q2ifKncfcCk0-vseCxqYIZhwl5_KvxruWVDvIiMeLWB0qXTdgZtfV4aGpSzLv138l8znAPyuqq1UVKspFVGgZ70LB2M5C9msIGtHDNrtoN3pBLsUOc" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="223" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Ứng dụng của tụ điện: Tích trữ và cung cấp năng lượng.</span></p>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2. Ôn thi học kì 2 lớp 11 môn lý: Dòng điện không đổi</span></h2>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2.1 Dòng điện, cường độ dòng diện</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Dòng điện là dòng chuyển dời có hướng của cá điện tích. Chiều dòng điện được quy ước là chiều dịch chuyển có hướng của các điện tích dương ( ngược với chiều dịch chuyển có hướng của các điện tích âm). </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Đại lượng vật lý đặc trương cho tác dụng mạnh hay yếu của dòng điện gọi là cường độ dòng điện, được xác định bởi điện lượng dịch chuyển qua tiết diện thẳng S trong một đơn vị thời gian.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 71px; height: 46px;"><img alt="\large I=\frac{\Delta q}{\Delta t}" height="46" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/C52ugDCJEp0on7ln_u5rz3RHeEAp0ZAbOzyEFt8XMl-ht18IvmRXfiMtjWfWy4HaVbRRIucSYCpDNuNVldHT5pN4CrhKEAguql3K3lH6PthB0-gMSC0nIaiJngQ8DJhGYTuZxMdPr-fgeuLeR4wrnCs" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="71" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Trong hệ SI, cường độ dòng điện có đơn vị là ampe (A)/ </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Trong hệ SI, điện tích có đơn vị là cu-lông (C): 1C = 1A.1s</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Vận tốc trôi của các hạt tải điện tỉ lệ với cường độ dòng điện chạy trong vật dẫn</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 92px; height: 51px;"><img alt="\large v=\frac{I}{nS|q|}" height="51" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/oZaKs99mFLmILeZyf48sjckMNsIJL92uqlOFZxVpNxN1kngXtFayuJYMRAA8gpy92C2ybO6UtFzR0mgAP1oBrVX0XlMK0Mplv4jF-8T6Qggf00TU_pYkWfKdgYRi9c3Z9qB1Aho7IhAj84BDHB5HnR0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="92" /></span></span></p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2.2 Điện trở, đèn sợi đốt</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Điện trở của một vật dẫn là đại lượng đặc trưng cho khả năng cản trở dòng điện của vật dẫn. Khi hiệu điện thế đặt vào hai đầu vật dẫn có giá trị U, dòng điện chạy trong mạch có cường độ I thì điện trở được xác định theo công thức: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 63px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large R=\frac{U}{I}" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/LlSD4hItFtEdChCC3QbCuMJIJXxtkFRDdvmCvbVNVhLlHOcRiWJzaqgGD5jonmKT0o_kLVq3Dkl_vn7oewEEOkI-huJvPKnYTjsjQJ-8FbXrjXjAyXu-kgIIlwpYt5MiecxJB5rR5no4ZqKJ5EV_TR0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="63" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Trong hệ SI, điện trở có đơn vị là </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 28px; height: 23px;"><img alt="\large (\Omega)" height="23" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/5v-gB9OdyCDcm5Cl-w9igxVKOS63YodpE3IgTYU7xJIXRbxl9x3CvSMhYYbO8MGDfuekxUhvclgGA4-WtXPVE8458oR6-9nOedE8HsCXF6TuqwWfRIzMpH4FLQNyDIL1dX8CU3WlZb08KXuwJjKt_vk" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="28" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> : 1</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 15px; height: 15px;"><img alt="\large \Omega" height="15" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/sFckOmOeET55cHB-VRlxNLf5TgcpCtFEQ5FQ9mjh14oR43dEyr8bZhkSEkDf11-qC-qYc7JxFveNEvUKi0OAGal2BQRja86Xl1_zFWYw2JKg3vUsJkaRUR3Ud0WJ7zcMCZJE88UdF_kMMPcgGqPx46s" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="15" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> = 1 V/A</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Đèn sợi đốt là dền chiếu sáng khi bị đốt nóng nhờ tác dụng nhiệt của dòng điện lên dây dẫn kim loại. Điện trở của đèn sợi đốt tăng gần như tuyến tính với nhiệt độ. </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Điện trở nhiệt là linh kiện điện tử mà giá trị điện trở của nó biến thiên rất nhạy theo nhiệt độ. </span></p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2.3 Suất điện động - định luật ohm cho các đoạn mạch </span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Suất điện động của nguồn điện đặc trưng cho khả năng sinh công của nguồn: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 92px; height: 51px;"><img alt="\large \xi =\frac{A}{q} (V)" height="51" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/cl1L-iY-y-T5Cq1fIdZQOTtqokgzs8tMidfuVGwEGBrX8XhhjBtfNc6CpIbnXdaQ6ydDMe-KNNGOJLG1j0DRWcOkHiqlWZfx6i2MrH1iaMdot3nuIZ2eJjI9UeMNEhjpbq_lZUmZ4A_ITM9C6EkAzY4" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="92" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Đoạn mạch chứa điện trở R: Hiệu điện thế U và cường độ dòng điện I thỏa: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 59px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large I=\frac{U}{R}" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/POOSE3pMvmn1NjWV2pXTd31EkWmhNs4AmVJn07_qxlKfzcSszH_E7KcPYWnXzmr_vGcVVKcUd7_mMRK0kf7FtIkw56nR61a7eharW32fQEso9tEaYy9t4egwJCx7gRASffFntMzyRyR55T2FOR9BS2Y" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="59" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Đoạn mạch chứa nguồn đang phát dòng điện I: Hiệu điện thế và cường độ dòng điện I thỏa: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 242px; height: 20px;"><img alt="\large \xi =U+Ir \Rightarrow U =\xi -Ir" height="20" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/fLiwO_w9jxcT5n-PjStM8wtMafe0nWoioRu-X4sizLN1OepkrRwpYu1KJHZSI_ltnMGBhDdzNO04gakqLcBVyw8cbMSCcHlIHdlHsjQCdOdh1yd5C4yR-6CoB7mTt-N9J4n5BYlS0adszJFrDWjeV_A" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="242" /></span></span></p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 16pt; margin-bottom: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #434343; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2.4 Năng lượng điện, công suất điện</span></h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Năng lượng tiêu thụ của một đoạn mạch bằng tích của hiệu điện thế giữa hai đầu đoạn mạch với cường độ dòng điện chạy qua đoạn mạch và với thời gian dòng điện chạy qua. </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">A = UIt</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Trong hệ SI, năng lượng có đơn vị là jun (J). </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Công suất của dòng điện đặc trưng cho tốc độ sinh công của dòng điện: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 160px; height: 46px;"><img alt="\large P=\frac{A}{t}=UI (W)" height="46" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/rj-OBG-bxHrFVpsqumxevdpVqg4jpDGnpafVvJiJstCVry_ikR4kaNFGzdZ9YWLiOcdeysSHL01kZDxCJnLt9mT-GzEligHHu1_hF59XgQyRntSASO1SR2iHwlCPb9WLHmxAMfs5xFkS7_G6ITuGLa4" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="160" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Trong hệ SI, công suất có đơn vị là oát (W). </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Nhiệt lượng tỏa ra trên điện trở R: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 219px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large Q=UIt=RI^{2}t=\frac{U^{2}}{R}t" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/8IUqOFsy3SKPRpcGGiMhEE12sxVk1srH3F5rhrZy6-v7oW2iYOgS7a4fgN9ASFa7Ly07Zh1MSc4FlX7CF4mA6QqaM8dRjHPcvgIno4ZXzUlrAwydUDnaHi6uZQ_tUJSPJ5UGkSZt34rO6PAfe1SF2B8" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="219" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Công suất tỏa nhiệt trên điện trở R: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 241px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large \wp =\frac{Q}{t}=UI=RI^{2}=\frac{U^{2}}{R}" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/ZnbGo-2dr-NJBfxGd3fWvUnC_7GJzP3eAE8pSCn53c917SH_nEsyeNBiG3mVq0s0aMDvoG-cHqwGwRfwnQODEGeCmAs3PuxMuHTGmagG0WPTtirBTuHXy8BKrvkE0nWMN1m4Z0_KtzxfWSdKJsZOjPk" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="241" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Năng lượng toàn phần của nguồn điện: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 212px; height: 25px;"><img alt="\large A_{o}=\xi It=UIt+rI^{2}t" height="25" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/4DxJZZe2OdL2Sxzhi31ykhE1HCbosFILv3wuxp10gqoHjQW800T7p4UjF3Gd79U_utg7ciU-nNX9Rniw7acktuDA9_mMP_v9X7VVv2bOWeFOEkoVa47znRbuKquIPp1LbxUvqBbYWpbxOWiSSog1UNA" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="212" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Công suất toàn phần của nguồn điện: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 128px; height: 46px;"><img alt="\large \wp _{o}=\frac{A_{o}}{t}=\xi I" height="46" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/B9mspSbMZ5HHu8zXTUVDbkUAOcqyQhPoLeQUsx8Atz0qEkiat44Ejy_ukOfR7MILjqnOUl87en7ebGPT7EV56mgD8t67zUCApbdfnGAfmDV_9IkVlzOfuehqN-RgCjMXTx0zu2BA5l9YUKI09ezOqqc" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="128" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Hiệu suất của nguồn điện: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 121px; height: 50px;"><img alt="\large H=\frac{\wp }{\wp _{o}}=\frac{U}{\xi }" height="50" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/NjPbJT4pZVpCqETOmw8dz5nWlbAyg7WB_GJhqOJ-y_JegInEgnms5ONJ6zOLjVhaVl06K3VpH7t2Sp79eT9KO0cbuOCDDqqolNvgjUSbM1P5GojE8cKeLIiXN8N1FEtD11TWDXVBAJBWSi9hNyScE8A" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="121" /></span></span></p>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">3. Ôn thi học kì 2 lớp 11 môn lý: Luyện tập một số dạng bài tập </span></h2>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Bài 1: Một điện tích điểm dương Q trong chân không gây ra tại điểm M cách điện tích một khoảng r = 30cm, một điện trường có cường độ E = 30000V/m. Độ lớn điện tích Q bằng bao nhiêu?</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải:</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 463px; height: 49px;"><img alt="\large E=k\frac{|Q|}{r^{2}}\Rightarrow |Q|=\frac{E.r^{2}}{k}=\frac{30000.0,3^{2}}{9.10^{9}}=3.10^{-7}C" height="49" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/gpSO49uNq3Br_N_OooYAUISGh8mw1bat-IpYry42NuJCCrRqkZSZ5_aru1b5KRb77lNrBdToZAKbvFbfKd31oi9JOmhfwsWHUknnPlAZNuE3rlb-1OyusquwnaB6CkK0hbHs8Ms2pZmAab66hnV4D1k" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="463" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Bài 2: Tại 2 điểm A, B cách nhau 20 cm trong không khí có đặt 2 điện tích q1 = 4.10-6 C, q2 = -6,4.10-6 C. Xác định cường độ điện trường do hai điện tích này gây ra tại điểm C biết AC = 12 cm; BC = 16 cm. Xác định lực điện trường tác dụng lên q3 = -5.10-8C đặt tại C.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 195px; height: 207px;"><img height="207" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/n_rd-DrwkXzgmX_eibZ9eolxDDyHVx2-iscu42zkw_jjiZdxFGvqo2zLbACafjIW3gwcDAbZi_0BkqG259i6Pq8pdFz_foq3XoVWF5SKkkktgyRrv78SsyVmKPbcwFzfWqv1HO0hHXNWAO6mubgz5Mw" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="195" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Tam giác ABC vuông tại C. Các điện tích q1 và q2 gây ra tại C các véc tơ E→1 và E→2 có phương chiều như hình vẽ, có độ lớn:</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 275px; height: 46px;"><img alt="\large E_{1}=9.10^{9}\frac{|q_{1}|}{AC^{2}}=25.10^{5}V/m" height="46" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/_ibMRcyka12PeDcrigbQYQXrEwtgw857eLc6ENtUV6VxenpX2nZrlfHnzCiz5r4dnc9uRDpD1LKjUPcb4F6JsVm2bZQ9Sf2sQ_69mMBorqZqucDIePVXKXJ0oEeHqNKNmLn_se3gEc6DCqHEIDhmqpY" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="275" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 297px; height: 46px;"><img alt="\large E_{2}=9.10^{9}\frac{|q_{2}|}{BC^{2}}=22,5.10^{5}V/m" height="46" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/KGY5fri2yOkYZCqmrpfNfi4YYrHeKA8aF_DHBxjrmfU-ZdPUvCF9aTW5C-SsAnGSYIyXq7rsoN0DYaOES3K5G5KyLLpYumDy2SlO1ixXwBEaIHoEhMKotZZFH8wXyKhGjQ93o8NZMutm115O9ptTeHI" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="297" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Cường độ điện trường tổng hợp tại C do các điện tích q1 và q2 gây ra là </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 23px; height: 31px;"><img alt="\large \overrightarrow{E_{1}}" height="31" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/XcR3zj36KHkC_136KnAhZwlpr_CRLzguR9vrj2VNYnCMyXyHG0JkHK4wfpL8swbhlw2QigOUKiS4yRZw9VSWtPBdDkw0FqazQfmOfVlxDELRp2bhHyebZJ6Xmxe6u59rQWtEWizaIzIkz3WcuT-0siw" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="23" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> và </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 23px; height: 31px;"><img alt="\large \overrightarrow{E_{2}}" height="31" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/TZipLbF0zoyKsX_AmEy0SIzEX2Yu-9O9Jw-AXbTNFgKyKVh24DP9D9FMT7c_lX_W8HJMQM04iM2jatRFBRg6ZyFjAItoN3lBYniwXJe2h9tLCVKLOCGESN-VjIqnHC2WS3xki5XUNAgyBXwOWNJcNDU" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="23" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">: có phương chiều như hình vẽ; có độ lớn: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 296px; height: 40px;"><img alt="\large E=\sqrt{E_{1}^{2}+E_{2}^{2}}\approx 33,6.10^{5}V/m" height="40" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/BwWx4teIIcq3ryKuCBsn7Lfpys8EqVJyTQvYvx0fyASycfTLf-hUkN320ACb1-5Akhwhw60v5PJtNjfs3QPX5CNQBzp9MHDw_dvAo5CTT1BcVfyKydAynG4FZWxJirKEiB3zdmIrlIZ1R__udAhGqSU" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="296" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Bài 3: Bốn điểm A, B, C, D trong không khí tạo thành hình chưc nhật ABCD cạnh AD = a = 3cm, AB = b = 4cm. Các điện tích q1, q2, q3 được đặt lần lượt tại A, B, C. Biết q2 = -12,5.10-8C và cường độ điện trường tổng hợp tại D bằng 0. Tính q1, q2.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 356px; height: 228px;"><img height="228" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/og4Arq-nufub33urlz6wYRM3hIgm4I2EuLhTX6IEhred9GDMQePDInnvFN-SdzUsJauk16odinbrRjxoRIZqEcpQTrGl6959vzGGjC6y5RWVpdplL0BUQC7n2TfEIh0dGKpZV4_mcMrVEjoIvWSwqWo" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="356" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Vectơ cường độ điện trường tại D:</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 294px; height: 31px;"><img alt="\large \overrightarrow{E_{D}}=\overrightarrow{E_{1}}+\overrightarrow{E_{3}}+\overrightarrow{E_{2}}=\overrightarrow{E_{13}}+\overrightarrow{E_{2}}" height="31" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/VZVgu6674lnmGLSC5lHk9PxdMtJKu1rTPiUo6N3yhi3gs4UBfzNs3sLmnhuqOHaYAqKa93HkFhK3IPVCv8MX1jCg3uQIdxbTBtxOtDxJlfjgMXsLLiAjdX-a8M2KE4myYxSHsG_PGRQa4XwelkbXbDU" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="294" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Vì q2 < 0 nên q1, q3 phải là điện tích dương. Ta có:</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 223px; height: 19px;"><img alt="\large E_{1}=E_{13}cos\alpha =E_{2}cos\alpha" height="19" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/qG3Pz7Lwqrgb0IrKIUIDvs4yA2_g07CLEOLj6SR6qXrGjTQwl6XXXPwZWPTsHiydE5H85LrPQrUd5xLLertY49RtimH038UWKnDdDrc30S-7w1TdobxQDXWtapoM4jTmKcvm2Tt2K2TQPSdGeG5dQSw" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="223" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 219px; height: 48px;"><img alt="\large \Leftrightarrow k\frac{|q_{1|}}{AD^{2}}=k\frac{|q_{2}|}{BD^{2}}.\frac{AD}{BD}" height="48" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/5LTAlL3F4WwzOaE2KSjJDEHsoTQKbGUSiCxvgDdYThBS_wTJmvjUIOWv5Bspw6kf3-w6YFM79rGh3s0Atf14LkIdlYeZKrobCXwj0CrwPJGya1dL-FTv0FTGHmpeSsZDKH0ZT-t9u1Jw3xc8F-j0v8M" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="219" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 379px; height: 57px;"><img alt="\large \Rightarrow |q_{1}|=\frac{AD^{2}}{BD^{2}}|q_{2}|=\frac{AD^{3}}{(\sqrt{AD^{2}+AB^{2}})^{3}}|q_{2}|" height="57" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/eUER3RWLdGjQDH5YNHyqvl2fdVH81N-1NeLx-j2OPDtAu41M8TQ_EQGvPEhYlo5mProBPj2CMf_NNRdr9Wr7rxc_NWMwElW7Wc9cAYnzGNOLoe9Es746XeODh1XTjqxhjwDpGfSzRz2c68ha8K6ZTBg" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="379" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 359px; height: 57px;"><img alt="\large \Rightarrow |q_{1}|=-\frac{a^{3}}{(\sqrt{a^{2}+h^{2}})^{3}}q_{2}=2,7.10^{-8}C" height="57" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/onPKTcS48TtQJqU9kCEiu-Zr6lYKyW25vgQJRyrreALl2md01mryW6PVrvr1S8Zoqn-iWVEWEl-iiKLFs4NrRnqvzNT0XkTAFtZKaYa3oBQOnr0O-w3KH8Noxx1pUhF5JhJ_QD-ZhslA-_VXfYe_l6k" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="359" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Tương tự ta có: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 236px; height: 19px;"><img alt="\large E_{3}=E_{13}.sin\alpha =E_{2}.sin\alpha" height="19" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/wXAiEiZgtGYTgdV0vd21Ka49UgvZsEpoTC56AheYQz3A6cfIwxwvkUwGiRRWjgk-capoeBGxm8MYIbnIvxuurMm8c05mNWsQcTfcMO9VId3EC5yxuQDEboZ7dulINH3u1VMaEXimKeOs3KtWZ33M1kI" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="236" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 344px; height: 57px;"><img alt="\large \Rightarrow q_{3}=-\frac{b^{3}}{(\sqrt{a^{2}+b^{2}})^{3}}q_{2}=6,4.10^{-8}C" height="57" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/-5DqdngIdsRA3wr7WsSLsDGlgknwdGUdWwlt1_6fIL2NbLMyWXhipfD19-87hBrarJiMgLf0jIlHTkRn9tNyMrEQ8CK4Ldb6FQyjrfJA1bGEqpWwzqywMR1uDexQ9cNIAMrkxsvGJv7rB_BZKWZyZBc" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="344" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Bài 4: Một quả cầu nhỏ khối lượng 0,1g và có điện tích q = - 10-6C được treo bằng một sợi dây mảnh ở trong điện trường E = 1000 V/m có phương ngang cho g = 10 m/s2. Khi quả cầu cân bằng, tính góc lệch của dây treo quả cầu so với phương thẳng đứng.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 161px; height: 212px;"><img height="212" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/uhRzqS7gLJGWTGydhJb6C1zJapV5Y8ZNptXT54ZTxieVkmU3v6_JXjl3DifjffBiCYa2Sox2K34Gf71tOg2e_kvqmSTeXBSsEft5tiqYZ4ZLss7MUxcl7lt_RzGlZo3HhgzkAs8hDBBBqhHTGC0-uUY" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="161" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 20px; height: 27px;"><img alt="\large \overrightarrow{E}" height="27" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/iJ3ojhqWuEm4fdAIyWlqLOoovco2c21ngBPQ5WaI96FHhPFqwTxspEdm3t5mzKndNTcJKT8kugbnHsLTIoxoeEGMTS4C3flfPZH8xXyp7ZSWSEO1S1NkhWwncZDt5wh3ZIwqfGNhG_RRHS5aRXkjt9I" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="20" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> có phương ngang, khi đó </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 20px; height: 27px;"><img alt="\large \overrightarrow{F}" height="27" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/D2Jvj_QPJQOoiYvn_EahI1H8uwUGwEDb2uxss2v1ID9sMW0yYdRT0SnoPTO8bhEBXvBgIwzf95HBkZwueGzjT5WiVJGYfJWSSsHS1RGBaI5wmwxc9dEkk5Myh-fsPi-6nm0QuWUltL60T25lMIG0pJU" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="20" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> cũng có phương ngang. Do trọng lực P hướng xuống nên </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 20px; height: 27px;"><img alt="\large \overrightarrow{F}" height="27" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/xwqFaIzd7-fTdZg9BdVY6_gj_ko339_8BrgP0U90YiiTio6y0voVCjLEOt5BoGGuoDlECPFC39rxF3hVJtNKDlCPxkWdVfx_BpbTGIAY-nrIltF0veNHlw3THWBM_ygQpSPUWz5wx3V-lH2whA2sTo8" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="20" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> ⊥ </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 20px; height: 27px;"><img alt="\large \overrightarrow{P}" height="27" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/uuo6WHqP4bq93TNhRbalMAm_ZF2Q2z_2aK8vdafsnpJKsMau8whjmKwyaDAhd3r_yBXLFzgV5bS3M2_kiDp0W2Piy2aR340lliaFqyfKBf8us_FzI2PQIqu6WnD9xUnhp1YxQYI3p5sD47y6LY4aNzg" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="20" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Ta có: F = qE, P = mg</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Góc lệch của con lắc so với phương ngang là α được xác định bởi công thức: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 314px; height: 51px;"><img alt="\large tan\alpha =\frac{F}{P}=\frac{|q|E}{mg}=1\Rightarrow \alpha =45^{o}" height="51" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/SHO_jhrUg_J88IN6UWVtQllG_pMOBy7_paiVYWnZbfm2QamT0iSPNGlPXhPKu0zjdlW3MrwRYRx5k1DFEYsbscD-cynVbFCSU79ejglSfZaLHZSQ-2GmqD5gy4AahWfCWFVHNCumfaa5E7KLxWhZYXQ" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="314" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Bài 5: Trong khoảng thời gian 10s, dòng điện qua dây dẫn tăng đều từ I1 = 1A đến I2 = 4A. Tính cường độ dòng điện trung bình và điện lượng qua dây trong thời gian trên.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Cường độ dòng điện trung bình:</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 263px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large I=\frac{I_{1}+I_{2}}{2}=\frac{1+4}{2}=2,5A" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/5_w-m9yvm_kY2-yckhpq-vLb181y3w1MgyE-SWMtAbAzNcVviS3t_LcS5kdeqalbwETIfk6XDioqdTGGL6PSy0h5k_3UH5tEDjm3IF_gBgBSqJD7mI646q_6e1B_BlDW7cwEJ-ALhsDW9hwKb7a-M_w" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="263" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Bài 6: Hai dây dẫn, khi mắc nối tiếp có điện trở lớn gấp 6,25 lần khi mắc song song. Tính tỉ số điện trở của hai dây.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 523px; height: 48px;"><img alt="\large R_{1}+R_{2}=6,25.\frac{R_{1}R_{2}}{R_{1}+R_{2}}\Leftrightarrow (R_{1}+R_{2})^{2}-6,25R_{1}R_{2}=0" height="48" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/TsYPgyyiGFdJJE-If965Vd7Iapy_-kGOuEQZKKJzNGgKseER3bS40LaHRdkQWQbSb9hsujiGCBqHNpNi2jzwtAM7n1trZ2i9efYkx5iRgp5HTKocX9vW9EyCuq0MnZajtPyJ3qFi4R3TIuDTllYDxTM" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="523" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 348px; height: 25px;"><img alt="\large \Leftrightarrow R_{1}^2{}+2R_{1}R_{2}+R_{2}^{2}-6,25R_{1}R_{2}=0" height="25" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/n8v0nrSVq6e473YOXlaDZYfA4raHaXkWSn2sr_FsPP5BljgpmYyZc1IKlnyYrNTJhDYTaMHW_vLr8cLusc0RHvtx-sjh1aZA2u7E5Z0ATbBIkebQ8KXDcHtgvD-HGLB1TMOXXZTfVqQdSFTgNqJvjjk" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="348" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 272px; height: 25px;"><img alt="\large \Leftrightarrow R_{1}^2-4,252R_{1}R_{2}+R_{2}^{2}=0" height="25" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/2ju0R0XGBXI-buI6YYnDfNnwLdsDMqLBGogqi8Gq8S9JyOKF15y7fbvD97D4L7oTtpSyzz8EIZs9uRG4JTVy_V4WKeJF2j6LZUQZwqVI5YWobfZNXZrvs3A9uJL3r7WpbzoPzmZqMU89S9yH4FZql4Y" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="272" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 311px; height: 26px;"><img alt="\large \Leftrightarrow (R_{1}-2,125R_{2})^{2}=(1,875R_{2})^{2}" height="26" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/xseiDUreSA_OQxuLMXUexKQVdghqMEfPGn3YZPkvBkORcPpJagfWmAguiSbeuNzo_TM3V3vbNLwQsgTcEDGCN9Il-1SBMLWROY2VIV-iVViQsurOtA8hy--Mt8_l0CHnLWwPpIkPZPt60v9WDZGfY-8" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="311" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 262px; height: 20px;"><img alt="\large \Leftrightarrow R_{1}-2,125R_{2}=1,875R_{2}" height="20" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/6j_2b2Kg6w24O70UWlkRsPmFEHN5SNXlQP0AVrjIlHPWX1Pux2-S8xiDQECFUJvxWczZ22J_ZekGxNSJrL_mDEsBC2MLPsrERMx16of6_Fg3Qqmgzp-W7KUUuSkpH_2xoRkkaJjiNVhqYwg3yHKTh-E" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="262" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 116px; height: 19px;"><img alt="\large \Leftrightarrow R_{1}=4R_{2}" height="19" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/_y0X7ZkrFyhvJQjJnjVeZA7Fm7B0l_u6l3AO9zOSrecDA75K_pTZQ6mkJTqEBCiu0HGIB-xKtkh41lRZFN3tALl2TJmZDmb5h-52BLx2Df42Z3UZuSxNQTZBQFi7G3P_8waPAWWssjmcP1FaqcngtXo" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="116" /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> (Loại giá trị âm)</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 96px; height: 48px;"><img alt="\large \Leftrightarrow \frac{R_{1}}{R_{2}}=4" height="48" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/l-lKOaTcEqpb1AS_Slc892eEmkRUvOlumMEa8eXTtaIXUdsQU8_WfeffLRfCWK2-3dSGSLuhrH8CUiV4HcGZrIuiD9ilhCi8wZU-U9b4f3hxygf8ABDi6rCFAc6grKkBBvGqqOdgK6z8wNKs99FVSPg" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="96" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Bài 7: Cho mạch điện như hình vẽ. Trong đó R1 = R2 = 4 Ω; R3 = 6 Ω; R4 = 3 Ω; R5 = 10 Ω; UAB = 24 V. Tính điện trở tương đương của đoạn mạch AB và cường độ dòng điện qua từng điện trở.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 352px; height: 156px;"><img height="156" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/j0spahUY2Owhs1DAHU6QoOD-a6KZ31fF7cjHjpp-9yNx4Z-JFveQQpV4zCm7cEIxBEaLhFHmkfyaMEPwlEaPqBNbeRWuZGWmTmZVYkP7ZOiV196e8Sl5ocLua23zjXWxEjjMpFuWnMb756RQRLz62j4" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="352" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">- Phân tích đoạn mạch: R1 nt ((R2 nt R3) // R5) nt R4.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">R23 = R2 + R3 = 10 Ω</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 238px; height: 48px;"><img alt="\large \Rightarrow R_{235}=\frac{R_{23}R_{5}}{R_{23}+R_{5}}=5\Omega" height="48" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/WQIBCApQcKEkiavpPVQAlwOF-Tpv0Iy-IM22lLCE8F4CI2Snodrazp03f6aH50dk1C-ZxSzujkhEhslKygy-CKj8Z3EeXg0HTGtX9jTYJZmG9i54ZlElNv0erSOQ6zLsRhOFEqQrIWzl7-t04hMm5Yw" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="238" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 281px; height: 19px;"><img alt="\large \Rightarrow R=R_{1}+R_{235}+R_{4}=12\Omega" height="19" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/emoxObYuXJ7uT_LAcbWMlHOSchG7JYRzxGJSGP_r6raEQP58GjKrKjuzMU2v2KcRzws7jyVS_FAm4M-7J_5gF8FWstiSzOl9CPAG65G90who4f0nAw_rKQirCINQdDI-p9kEjJVIcd6lhuDWaC3xCiw" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="281" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 321px; height: 45px;"><img alt="\large \Rightarrow I=I_{1}=I_{235}=I_{4}=\frac{U_{AB}}{R}=2A" height="45" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/Nloy28jW7uyWhCvLpTaQPswezw7gSK7LnBAs6RdyXiU1-eXv258pWMJWGY7KwT7lmzDZGrpjPo1InD-060C1DwfypR8Jr7-nZehOhd240ZqRGasIt9UnEEA2TELuDaIMjNUxYpseOOSCPT2PxluHgr4" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="321" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> Với: U235 = U23 = U5 = I235.R235 = 10 V nên:</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 380px; height: 48px;"><img alt="\large I_{5}=\frac{U_{5}}{R_{5}}=1A;I_{23}=I_{2}=I_{3}=\frac{U_{23}}{R_{23}}=1A" height="48" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/jfQf05GwyQj0HgJG6AQjzD3MyPfsuLV4-p_T-AS4vyG1v0sXClX5FT3sEJ9R0OMV0EyDMVLRX3FkKa3okYUsLgBCgASDZJpeqJJMEDgaO54yBu5lqoGGuJ0rRX-Q5nr2QR01uJ9WwNkkytvIISclfFI" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="380" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Bài 8: Cho mạch điện có sơ đồ như hình. Biết R1 = 10Ω và R2 = 3R3. Ampe kế A1 chỉ 4A. Tìm số chỉ của các ampe kế A2 và A3.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 351px; height: 183px;"><img height="183" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/VariThyRRnOutQBXHiOxaLxKPYZ19Qh_NaJ0zOV1sFMiQDNUdEFvor7mkQyeroCGhmWMzOzcDEgEf5N_j7II-koPUyTezzaDTbwswWVKTQuwBG03Y0MgDbd7l0ehVXws2Ioe0lzrrvI9mxJr2PyXbZA" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="351" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Ta có: U23 = U2 = U3 ⇔ I2.R2 = I3.R3 ⇔ I2.3R3 = I3.R3 ⇒ I3 = 3I2</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lại có: I = I1 = I2 + I3 ⇔ 4 = I2 + 3I2 ⇒ I2 = 1A ⇒ I3 = 3A</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Bài 9: Acquy (E,r) khi có dòng I1 = 15A đi qua, công suất mạch ngoài là P1 = 135W, khi I2 = 6A, P2 = 64,8W. Tìm E, r.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Hiệu điện thế mạch ngoài: U = E – rI.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Công suất mạch ngoài: P = UI = (E – rI).I = EI – rI2.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 447px; height: 54px;"><img alt="\large \Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 135=E.15-r.15^{2} & \\ 64,8=E.6-r.6^{2} & \end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 15E-25r=135& \\ 6E-36r=64,8 & \end{matrix}\right." height="54" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/ir1dnFHh3eiNH20Vwil-GluLYMrBLzEtUIbDkoHY86VO04I_TmchoyNYtxZy_gauZxeIqt2vmJTJTVUUot5pR-buKKadfI4wll8vn0C2_fgC-8TskTWB4PrUDFdTo83PoJZgsEgNLFI0Pa4cvrAacOY" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="447" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 130px; height: 53px;"><img alt="\large \Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} E=12V & \\ r=0,2\Omega & \end{matrix}\right." height="53" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/y1b_pine-S9YpnbAkVDJz1sAEeIggTcIEXK6POrJDQUhPHUe64P2bLOTVgEXXuwEMq1QB303EAWM1ms9DOf4a0OUnr_llIJRTn03Lqy8IyFXmwtwW577AHejzGO3CSzL7PDtcmgjpyi2e2JUH5I4VBw" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="130" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Bài 10: Cho mạch điện như hình vẽ, mỗi nguồn có: e = 1,5V, r0 = 1Ω, R1 = 6Ω, R2 = 12Ω, R3 = 4Ω.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Lời giải: </span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 303px; height: 163px;"><img height="163" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/swCSGCJDaI8nnmwGj04lSEo-b4fdDkavGajIjCi229bLIYXUv6MQFmE11-vIDUUxhV31U27QxrCKfFiEYQ_nsrn6hF8-v18Bg5K56JlTC4mMOoQFT8rcdDuD6hvZULdGjoSXNOvM2l1-n5C89CxISls" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="303" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Eb = EAM + EMN + EBC ⇒ Eb = e + e + e = 3e = 3.1,5 = 4,5V</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">rb = rAM + rMN + rBC</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 355px; height: 39px;"><img alt="\large \Rightarrow r_{b}=\frac{r_{o}}{2}+\frac{r_{o}}{2}+r_{o}=2r_{o}=2.1=2\Omega" height="39" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/h10OusAsrA00m916f3TxNJkv5OuIh-K16gzw6OllaePT95mpy2nyfXI2rHLWIVSYrTVwnv3LqZKPexqT9W3SebLLFnpi5ooDZVMeRWysP9drBay2YQoLlT9me3vlOHM8u40qvCHqSQSW5uD5WQXHY7Q" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="355" /></span></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 373px; height: 48px;"><img alt="\large R_{N}=R_{3}+\frac{R_{1}R_{2}}{R_{1}+R_{2}}=4+\frac{6.12}{6+12}=8\Omega" height="48" src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/HzONpduLnT6j2zoydH2VJmCP0GAIhDEFw3BZ_-BtRXz7mdMoaqMat711cFLU7Y0VI6QrxJdt4cFfTUBBaMaabRg_N_hoBqb40fohT5AG8ZyZxAsGqqGNueQdesi_DYZejB7JJ6ws0TG7pSa4CGM9iTQ" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="373" /></span></span></p>
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