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Thi giữa kì 1 là bài kiểm tra kiến thức quan trọng trong quá trình học tập, ảnh hưởng đến điểm số tổng kết cũng như kết quả cả năm học của các em. Để đạt kết quả tốt nhất, các em cần ôn thi giữa kì đúng trọng tâm bài học. Chính vì vậy, VUIHOC đã tổng hợp kiến thức ôn thi giữa kì 1 môn toán 10 giúp các em ôn thi dễ dàng hơn.

1. Tổng hợp kiến thức ôn thi giữa kì 1 môn toán 10

1.1 Mệnh đề

- Mệnh đề là những khẳng định có tính đúng hoặc sai, không có mệnh đề vừa đúng vừa sai

- Kí hiệu: Mệnh đề đúng:

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
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; mệnh đề sai:
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

- Mệnh đề kéo theo:

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
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sai khi
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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  • The image path is incorrect
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đúng
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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sai,
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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đúng thì
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là điều kiện đủ để có B và B là điều kiện cần để có A 

- Mệnh đề tương đương:

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
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đúng khi cả A, B đều đúng và sai khi cả A, B đều sai

- Mệnh đề chứa biến p(x): Là mệnh đề liên quan đến đại lượng x khi x có giá trị nhất định, trong đó: 

+ Mệnh đề với mọi:

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

+ Mệnh đề tồn tại:

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

- Phương pháp chứng minh bằng phản chứng: Chứng minh P đúng bằng giả định P sai rồi lập luận suy ra mâu thuẫn. 

1.2 Tập hợp

- Tập con:

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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- Hai tập hợp bằng nhau: A = B

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

- Các phép toán tập hợp: 

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
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1.3 Các tập hợp số

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1.4 Bất phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn

- Bất phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn x và y có các dạng như sau: 

  • ax + by > c

  • ax + by < c

  • ax + by

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
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    c

  • ax + by

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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    c

Trong đó: x và y là hai ẩn của bất phương trình, còn a,b và c là các hệ sống không đồng thời bằng 0.

=> Nếu cặp số ( xo, yo) thỏa mãn bất phương trình axo + byo > c thì ( xo, yo) là một nghiệm của bất phương trình ax + by > c. 

- Miền nghiệm của bất phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn: 

+ Đường thẳng d = ax + by = c chia mặt phẳng tọa độ Oxy thành 2 mặt phẳng chính là 2 miền nghiệm của BPT ( không kể bờ d). 

+ Lấy một điểm A ( xo, yo)

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
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d, Kiểm tra ( xo, yo) có phải là nghiệm của BPT hay không và đưa ra kết luận về miền nghiệm của BPT. 

- Hệ phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn là hệ gồm hai hay nhiều BPT bậc nhất 2 ẩn. Trong mặt phẳng tọa độ Oxy, tập hợp các điểm có tọa độ thỏa mãn mọi BPT trong hệ bất phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn là nghiệm của hệ BPT đó. 

1.5 Giá trị lượng giác của góc từ 0o - 180o

- Nửa đường trong đơn vị là nửa đường tròn tâm O nằm ở phía trên trục hoành của mặt phẳng tọa độ Oxy với bán kính R = 1. 

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
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- Với mỗi góc

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
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thỏa mãn 0o
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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180o, ta xác định được điểm M trên nửa đường tròn đơn vị sao cho góc xOM =
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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. Giả sử điểm M có tọa độ ( xo, yo), khi đó ta có: 

sin

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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= yo

cos

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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= xo

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
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  • The image path is incorrect
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- Nếu

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là góc tù thì sin
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
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> 0, cos
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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< 0, tan
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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< 0, cot
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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< 0

- Nếu

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là góc nhọn thì sin
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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> 0, cos
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
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> 0, tan
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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> 0, cot
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> 0 

- Giá trị lượng giác của hai hóc phụ nhau: 

sin(90o -

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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) = cos
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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cos(90o -

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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) = sin
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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tan(90o -

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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) = cot
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
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Learn More →

cot(90o -

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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) = tan
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
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- Giá trị lượng giác của hai góc bù nhau: 

sin(180o -

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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) = cos
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
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cos(180o -

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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) = -cos
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
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tan(180o -

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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) = -tan
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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cot(180o -

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) = -cot
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1.5 Hệ thức lượng trong tam giác

a. Định lý sin

- Một tam giác ABC có BC = a, AC = b, AB = c, có bán kính đường tròn ngoại tiếp tam giác bằng R. 

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

b. Định lý cosin

- Một tam giác ABC có BC = a, AC = b, AB = c, ta có: 

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc.cosA

b2 = a2 + c2 - 2ac.cosB

c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab.cosC

- Hệ quả: 

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

- Bảng giá trị lượng giác cần ghi nhớ: 

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

Công thức tính độ dài đường trung tuyến 

Một tam giác ABC có BC = a, AC = b, AB = c, gọi m1, m2, m3 lần lượt là các đường trung tuyến kẻ từ các đỉnh A, B, C. Khi đó: 

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

 

d. Công thức tính diện tích tam giác 

Một tam giác ABC có BC = a, AC = b, AB = c, kẻ đường cao h1,h2,h3 từ các đỉnh A, B, C, gọi R và r lần lượt là bán kính của đường tròn nội tiếp và ngoại tiếp tam giác ABC. Khi đó: 

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

2. Một số dạng bài tập cần lưu ý khi ôn thi giữa kì 1 môn

2.1 Dạng bài về mệnh đề 

a. Bài toán định giá trị của mệnh đề: 

- Kiểm tra tính đúng sai của mệnh đề đó

- Nếu mệnh đề chứa biến thì tìm tập hợp D của các biến x để p(x) đúng hoặc sai. 

b. Phát biểu định lý dưới dạng bài tập:

- Nếu A => B đúng thì A là điều kiện đủ để có B

- Nếu A => B sai thì B là điều kiện đủ để có A 

- Nếu A=> B đúng và B => A đúng thì A là điều kiện cần và đủ để có B 

c. Dạng bài tìm mệnh đề phủ định: 

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
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d. Chứng minh định lý A => B 

- Cách 1: Chứng minh A đúng để suy ra B đúng

- Cách 2: Chứng minh bằng phản chứng: B sai => A sai 

2.2 Dạng bài về tập hợp 

a. Dạng bài tìm tập hợp

- Sử dụng phương pháp liệt kê: A = ( a1, a2, a3, ...)

- Nêu tính đặc trưng: A = {x

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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X| p(x)}

b. Dạng bài tìm tập hợp con: 

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
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Learn More →

c. Dạng bài hai tập hợp bằng nhau:

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →
  và
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image file may be corrupted
  • The server hosting the image is unavailable
  • The image path is incorrect
  • The image format is not supported
Learn More →
hoặc
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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Learn More →
 

d. Dạng bài các phép toán giao, hợp, hiệu

 Liệt kê A và B 

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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: Lấy phần tử chung 

Nguồn:
https://vuihoc.vn/tin/thpt-de-cuong-on-thi-giua-ki-1-mon-toan-10-chi-tiet-2071.html