---
# System prepended metadata

title: Research

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# Research Weekly Sync

## Schedule
1. Problems in Mainnet
2. Roadmap/Design Tunning
    - Rollup Progress
    - 
4. ZK Adoption
    - polygon zkstack
    - zk primitive apply

## [Rollup Progress](https://members.delphidigital.io/reports/the-complete-guide-to-rollups/#introduction-81c9)

Modularity

Execution : op, zkevm
DA : Ethereum, Celestia
Consesus : Smart Contract Rollup
Settlement : Ethereum

### Raas(Rollup as a service) Provider
 
Security/performance/Stability/Function


||Caldera|Altlayer|
|---|---|---|
|Backgroud|2023.2 红杉/Dragonfly 9M|2022.7 Polychain 7.2M<br> 2023.8 Binance|
|open source|[github](https://github.com/ConstellationCrypto)|[github](https://github.com/alt-research)|
|document|Simple|More|
|customize|||
|tech|DA Celestia|WASM ?|
|user case|||
|monitor|[Observability and Monitoring](https://calderaxyz.gitbook.io/caldera-documentation/features/chain-customization/observability-and-monitoring)||
|support team|Bay Area|Sigapore|
|cost |10% sequencer profit||
|migration to other Raas|
|zk adoption||


## ZK Adoption

polygon zk prover/SDK
polygon zkevm migration



## Roadmap

- In the first phase, Manta Pacific is an Optimistic Rollup on Ethereum using Ethereum DA with Universal ZK circuits. The goal is to build the dApp ecosystem based on Manta zkSBT and universal ZK circuits such as zkShuffle. On Manta Pacific, developers could enjoy the benefits from Manta’s universal ZK circuits and OPStack’s low gas fee to build unique dApps with built-in privacy, which is unprecedented in existing Layer 2. In particular, Manta Pacific provides universal ZKP circuits for popular privacy use cases (e.g., private card dealing and private voting), solidity smart contract for on-chain ZK logic, and a typescript SDK for front-end integration. Based on these universal ZK circuits, developers without a ZK background could easily develop dApps with built-in privacy from Manta Pacific such that they do not need to spend years of engineer efforts on customizing ZK circuits. Significantly different from Starkware and Aztec which re-design domain-specific language (DSL) for ZK such as Cario and Nior, Manta Pacific achieves EVM equivalence through adopting OPStack bedrock codebase. Thus, all existing smart contracts on Ethereum could be seamlessly adopted to Manta Pacific while enabling zk-based privacy features to unveil new application scenarios such as verifiable private DID/KYC, zk-based fully-onchain games, and synergy between DeFi and decentralized private identity including zkSBT-based whitelist and off-ramp.
- In the second phase, Manta Pacific will move to a multi-prover framework to further improve the infrastructure’s security and extensibility. Manta Pacific’s multi-prover will integrate Polygon ZK prover with existing rollup such that Manta Pacific enjoys simultaneously the polygon ZK prover cluster and manta’s existing cluster, leading to benefits in multiple dimensions. Firstly, these diverse prover clusters achieve parallel computing to improve the system throughput and scalability, by requiring each prover cluster to independently execute a portion of transactions. Secondly, Manta Pacific’s multi-prover enables developers to choose prover clusters according to the requirement of different application scenarios and better support a wide range of ZK applications, such as high TPS for fully-onchain games, and strong security guarantees for DeFi. Finally, multi-prover enhances the network robustness and resiliency of Manta Pacific.
- In the third phase, Manta Pacific will achieve data scaling by integrating Celestia DA to drastically reduce gas fees. The current Manta Rollup uses calldata for settlement where the cost is linear to gas price on Ethereum and fluctuates according to the usage of Ethereum. Instead, Celestia’s cost is sublinear to Ethereum gas price and would be significantly cheaper than the existing costs on Ethereum. While there are plans to reduce the gas costs via EIP-4844, it would be still more expensive than the costs of Celestia.
- In the fourth phase, Manta Pacific would be adapted to a zkEVM by exploiting Polygon SDK and share the same prover with Polygon zkEVM to reduce prover costs. The ultimate architecture would be Manta’s universal ZK circuit for build-in privacy to enable a wide range of ZK applications, and provide validium services with Celestia DA and zkEVM circuit for scalability.
- In the fifth phase, Manta Pacific would further upgrade the universal ZK circuit to enable lower gas costs, support more use cases, and provide better user experience. First, Manta Pacific will build ZK proof aggregation to drastically reduce the on-chain proof verification gas costs for ZK applications and improve the throughput for ZK processing. Second, Manta Pacific will develop more ZK schemes and corresponding smart contracts to support more privacy utilities. Third, Manta Pacific will provide better user experience by collaboration with account abstraction projects. Finally, Manta Pacific would achieve modularity, decentralization, high extensibility, low gas costs, and fully EVM equivalence, while unlocking new application scenarios with novel ZK technology.

