---
title: 'Microsoft Windows 11 裝機指南'
author: Hsins
tags: Guide
---
{%hackmd @v3ce/theme-orangeheart %}
<br/>
<p style="text-align: center">
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/8TEd2Xm.png" height=150/>
</p>
## 目錄
[toc]
## 前言
## 系統設定
### 概述
### 輸入法
### 螢幕顯示
### 滑鼠鍵盤
### 檔案總管
- [Flaticon](https://www.flaticon.com/)
- [Aconvert](https://www.aconvert.com/tw/icon/png-to-ico/)
### 地區語系
### 系統更新
https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads
## 軟體管理
### 概述
這一部分將會安裝一些必要的軟體工具，並解除一些不必要的軟體工具。如果曾經使用過 Unix/Linux 作業系統，會知道在各個發行版都有與之匹配的套件管理工具（Package Manger）。目前微軟主流的套件管理工具共有 [winget](https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli)、[scoop]([scoop](https://scoop.sh/)) 與 [chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org/)。
[Scoop 並沒有那麼好](https://fduzs.github.io/archives/scoop-is-not-that-good.html)
### 官方網站安裝
- [Git](https://git-scm.com/)
<details>
<summary>縮圖</summary>
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/RLjAf4P.png" height=200/>
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/yxQwT6x.png" height=200/>
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/b7Ja3r3.png" height=200/>
</details>
- [Jetbrain Toolbox](https://www.jetbrains.com/toolbox-app/)
- [OBS Studio](https://obsproject.com/)
- [PotPlayer](https://potplayer.daum.net/)
- [PowerToys]()
- [Sublime Text](https://www.sublimetext.com/)
- [ScreenToGif](https://www.screentogif.com/)
- [Typora](https://typora.io/)
- [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/)
- [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/#alt-downloads)
- [WinRAR](https://www.win-rar.com/)
- [WizNote](https://www.wiz.cn/)
### 微軟商店安裝
- [Line]()
- [UpNote]()
- [Snipaste]()
- [Screenbits]()
- [Telegram]()
### 套件管理安裝
- 字體
- [FiraCode Nerd Font Mono]()
- [DejavuSans Nerd Font Mono]()
- 命令工具
- [aria2]()
- [bat]()
- [busybox]()
- [ffmpeg]()
- [lsd]()
- [sudo]()
- [neovim]()
- [netcat]()
```pwsh
# Install Scoop to Custom Directory
$env:SCOOP='C:\ProgramData\scoop'
[environment]::setEnvironmentVariable('SCOOP', $env:SCOOP, 'User')
iwr -useb get.scoop.sh | iex
```
```pwsh
# 添加 bucket
scoop bucket add extras
scoop bucket add nerd-fonts
# install tools
scoop install aria2 git busybox
scoop install bat less ffmpeg lsd python sudo neovim
# intall fonts
sudo scoop install DejaVuSansMono-NF
```
### 移除冗贅軟體
```pwsh
> Disable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName "WindowsMediaPlayer"
```
```pwsh
> Get-AppxPackage -Name "MicrosoftTeams" -AllUsers | Remove-AppxPackage -AllUsers
> Get-AppxPackage -Name "MicrosoftWindows.Client.WebExperience" -AllUsers | Remove-AppxPackage -AllUsers
```
## 工具設定
### Window Terminal
<details>
<summary><strong>全局設定</strong></summary>
```json
{
"$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
"defaultProfile": "{GUID}",
"copyOnSelect": true,
"copyFormatting": false,
"profiles": {
"defaults": {
// 視窗設定
"initialCols": "",
"initialRows": "",
// 字體設定
"fontFace": "",
"fontSize": "",
// 光標設定
"cursorShape": "bar",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
// 行為設定
"closeOnExit": true, // 關閉視窗時結束掛載的 process
"historySize": 9000 // 歷程記錄
}
}
}
```
</details>
<details>
<summary><strong>配置設定</strong></summary>
在微軟作業系統中，會使用 GUID (Global Unique Identifier) 來標識特定組件或功能，比如可以使用 `powercfg -LIST` 來列出當前系統中的電源計劃。在 Windows Terminal 中也需要替不同配置給予一個獨特的 GUID 進行標識，可以透過以下命令生成：
```pwsh
> [guid]::NewGuid()
> Get-Guid
```
接著在 `"profiles"` 的 `"lists"` 中添加配置：
```json
{
"profiles": {
"defaults": { ... },
"lists": [
{
"guid": "{}",
"name": ""
}
]
}
}
```
</details>
<details>
<summary><strong>主題配色</strong></summary>
- [Windows Terminal Themes](https://windowsterminalthemes.dev/)
</details>
<details>
<summary><strong>按鍵綁定</strong></summary>
```json
{
...,
"keybindings":
[
// 關閉視窗
{ "command": "closeWindow", "keys": "alt+shift+q"},
{ "command": "closeTab", "keys": "alt+q"},
{ "command": "closePane", "keys": "alt+w"},
// 模式切換
{ "command": "toggleFullscreen", "keys": "alt+enter"},
{ "command": "toggleFullscreen", "keys": "f11"},
{ "command": "toggleFocusMode", "keys": "shift+f11"},
// 拆分窗格
{ "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "horizontal"}, "keys": "alt+h"},
{ "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "vertical"}, "keys": "alt+v"}
],
}
```
</details>
<details>
<summary><strong>完整範例</strong></summary>
```json
// To view the default settings, hold "alt" while clicking on the "Settings" button.
// For documentation on these settings, see: https://aka.ms/terminal-documentation
{
"$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
"copyFormatting": "none",
"copyOnSelect": false,
"defaultProfile": "{574e775e-4f2a-5b96-ac1e-a2962a402336}",
"profiles": {
"defaults": {
"colorScheme": "Subliminal",
"snapOnInput": true,
"cursorShape": "bar",
"font": {
"face": "DejaVuSansMono Nerd Font Mono",
"size": 12
},
"padding": "8, 8, 8, 8",
"useAcrylic": true,
"acrylicOpacity": 0.75
},
"list": [
{
"guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
"commandline": "powershell.exe -nologo",
"name": "Windows PowerShell",
"tabTitle": "PowerShell 5.1",
"hidden": false
},
{
"guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
"commandline": "cmd.exe",
"name": "Command Prompt",
"hidden": false
},
{
"guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
"source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure",
"hidden": false,
"name": "Azure Cloud Shell"
},
{
"guid": "{2ece5bfe-50ed-5f3a-ab87-5cd4baafed2b}",
"source": "Git",
"name": "Git Bash",
"tabTitle": "Git Bash",
"hidden": false
},
{
"guid": "{574e775e-4f2a-5b96-ac1e-a2962a402336}",
"source": "Windows.Terminal.PowershellCore",
"commandline": "pwsh.exe -nologo",
"name": "PowerShell",
"tabTitle": "PowerShell 7.1.4",
"hidden": false
}
]
},
// Add custom color schemes to this array.
// To learn more about color schemes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-color-schemes
"schemes": [
{
"name": "Batman",
"background": "#1B1D1E",
"black": "#1B1D1E",
"blue": "#737174",
"brightBlack": "#505354",
"brightBlue": "#919495",
"brightCyan": "#A3A3A6",
"brightGreen": "#FFF27D",
"brightPurple": "#9A9A9D",
"brightRed": "#FFF78E",
"brightWhite": "#DADBD6",
"brightYellow": "#FEED6C",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#62605F",
"foreground": "#6F6F6F",
"green": "#C8BE46",
"purple": "#747271",
"red": "#E6DC44",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#C6C5BF",
"yellow": "#F4FD22"
},
{
"name": "Campbell",
"background": "#0C0C0C",
"black": "#0C0C0C",
"blue": "#0037DA",
"brightBlack": "#767676",
"brightBlue": "#3B78FF",
"brightCyan": "#61D6D6",
"brightGreen": "#16C60C",
"brightPurple": "#B4009E",
"brightRed": "#E74856",
"brightWhite": "#F2F2F2",
"brightYellow": "#F9F1A5",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#3A96DD",
"foreground": "#CCCCCC",
"green": "#13A10E",
"purple": "#881798",
"red": "#C50F1F",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#CCCCCC",
"yellow": "#C19C00"
},
{
"name": "Campbell Powershell",
"background": "#012456",
"black": "#0C0C0C",
"blue": "#0037DA",
"brightBlack": "#767676",
"brightBlue": "#3B78FF",
"brightCyan": "#61D6D6",
"brightGreen": "#16C60C",
"brightPurple": "#B4009E",
"brightRed": "#E74856",
"brightWhite": "#F2F2F2",
"brightYellow": "#F9F1A5",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#3A96DD",
"foreground": "#CCCCCC",
"green": "#13A10E",
"purple": "#881798",
"red": "#C50F1F",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#CCCCCC",
"yellow": "#C19C00"
},
{
"name": "Nord",
"background": "#2E3440",
"black": "#3B4252",
"blue": "#81A1C1",
"brightBlack": "#4C566A",
"brightBlue": "#81A1C1",
"brightCyan": "#8FBCBB",
"brightGreen": "#A3BE8C",
"brightPurple": "#B48EAD",
"brightRed": "#BF616A",
"brightWhite": "#ECEFF4",
"brightYellow": "#EBCB8B",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#88C0D0",
"foreground": "#D8DEE9",
"green": "#A3BE8C",
"purple": "#B48EAD",
"red": "#BF616A",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#E5E9F0",
"yellow": "#EBCB8B"
},
{
"name": "One Half Dark",
"background": "#282C34",
"black": "#282C34",
"blue": "#61AFEF",
"brightBlack": "#5A6374",
"brightBlue": "#61AFEF",
"brightCyan": "#56B6C2",
"brightGreen": "#98C379",
"brightPurple": "#C678DD",
"brightRed": "#E06C75",
"brightWhite": "#DCDFE4",
"brightYellow": "#E5C07B",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#56B6C2",
"foreground": "#DCDFE4",
"green": "#98C379",
"purple": "#C678DD",
"red": "#E06C75",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#DCDFE4",
"yellow": "#E5C07B"
},
{
"background": "#FAFAFA",
"black": "#383A42",
"blue": "#0184BC",
"brightBlack": "#4F525D",
"brightBlue": "#61AFEF",
"brightCyan": "#56B5C1",
"brightGreen": "#98C379",
"brightPurple": "#C577DD",
"brightRed": "#DF6C75",
"brightWhite": "#FFFFFF",
"brightYellow": "#E4C07A",
"cursorColor": "#4F525D",
"cyan": "#0997B3",
"foreground": "#383A42",
"green": "#50A14F",
"name": "One Half Light",
"purple": "#A626A4",
"red": "#E45649",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#FAFAFA",
"yellow": "#C18301"
},
{
"background": "#282C34",
"black": "#282C34",
"blue": "#61AFEF",
"brightBlack": "#616368",
"brightBlue": "#61AFEF",
"brightCyan": "#56B6C2",
"brightGreen": "#98C379",
"brightPurple": "#C678DD",
"brightRed": "#E06C75",
"brightWhite": "#DCDFE4",
"brightYellow": "#E5C07B",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#56B6C2",
"foreground": "#DCDFE4",
"green": "#98C379",
"name": "OneHalfDark",
"purple": "#C678DD",
"red": "#E06C75",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#DCDFE4",
"yellow": "#E5C07B"
},
{
"background": "#1E1F29",
"black": "#000000",
"blue": "#49BAFF",
"brightBlack": "#555555",
"brightBlue": "#49BAFF",
"brightCyan": "#8BE9FE",
"brightGreen": "#50FB7C",
"brightPurple": "#FC4CB4",
"brightRed": "#FC4346",
"brightWhite": "#EDEDEC",
"brightYellow": "#F0FB8C",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#8BE9FE",
"foreground": "#EBECE6",
"green": "#50FB7C",
"name": "Snazzy",
"purple": "#FC4CB4",
"red": "#FC4346",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#EDEDEC",
"yellow": "#F0FB8C"
},
{
"background": "#002B36",
"black": "#002B36",
"blue": "#268BD2",
"brightBlack": "#073642",
"brightBlue": "#839496",
"brightCyan": "#93A1A1",
"brightGreen": "#586E75",
"brightPurple": "#6C71C4",
"brightRed": "#CB4B16",
"brightWhite": "#FDF6E3",
"brightYellow": "#657B83",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#2AA198",
"foreground": "#839496",
"green": "#859900",
"name": "Solarized Dark",
"purple": "#D33682",
"red": "#DC322F",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#EEE8D5",
"yellow": "#B58900"
},
{
"background": "#FDF6E3",
"black": "#002B36",
"blue": "#268BD2",
"brightBlack": "#073642",
"brightBlue": "#839496",
"brightCyan": "#93A1A1",
"brightGreen": "#586E75",
"brightPurple": "#6C71C4",
"brightRed": "#CB4B16",
"brightWhite": "#FDF6E3",
"brightYellow": "#657B83",
"cursorColor": "#002B36",
"cyan": "#2AA198",
"foreground": "#657B83",
"green": "#859900",
"name": "Solarized Light",
"purple": "#D33682",
"red": "#DC322F",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#EEE8D5",
"yellow": "#B58900"
},
{
"background": "#282C35",
"black": "#7F7F7F",
"blue": "#6699CC",
"brightBlack": "#7F7F7F",
"brightBlue": "#6699CC",
"brightCyan": "#5FB3B3",
"brightGreen": "#A9CFA4",
"brightPurple": "#F1A5AB",
"brightRed": "#E15A60",
"brightWhite": "#D4D4D4",
"brightYellow": "#FFE2A9",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#5FB3B3",
"foreground": "#D4D4D4",
"green": "#A9CFA4",
"name": "Subliminal",
"purple": "#F1A5AB",
"red": "#E15A60",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#D4D4D4",
"yellow": "#FFE2A9"
},
{
"background": "#000000",
"black": "#000000",
"blue": "#3465A4",
"brightBlack": "#555753",
"brightBlue": "#729FCF",
"brightCyan": "#34E2E2",
"brightGreen": "#8AE234",
"brightPurple": "#AD7FA8",
"brightRed": "#EF2929",
"brightWhite": "#EEEEEC",
"brightYellow": "#FCE94F",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#06989A",
"foreground": "#D3D7CF",
"green": "#4E9A06",
"name": "Tango Dark",
"purple": "#75507B",
"red": "#CC0000",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#D3D7CF",
"yellow": "#C4A000"
},
{
"background": "#FFFFFF",
"black": "#000000",
"blue": "#3465A4",
"brightBlack": "#555753",
"brightBlue": "#729FCF",
"brightCyan": "#34E2E2",
"brightGreen": "#8AE234",
"brightPurple": "#AD7FA8",
"brightRed": "#EF2929",
"brightWhite": "#EEEEEC",
"brightYellow": "#FCE94F",
"cursorColor": "#000000",
"cyan": "#06989A",
"foreground": "#555753",
"green": "#4E9A06",
"name": "Tango Light",
"purple": "#75507B",
"red": "#CC0000",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#D3D7CF",
"yellow": "#C4A000"
},
{
"background": "#2D2D2D",
"black": "#000000",
"blue": "#6699CC",
"brightBlack": "#000000",
"brightBlue": "#6699CC",
"brightCyan": "#66CCCC",
"brightGreen": "#99CC99",
"brightPurple": "#CC99CC",
"brightRed": "#F2777A",
"brightWhite": "#FFFFFF",
"brightYellow": "#FFCC66",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#66CCCC",
"foreground": "#CCCCCC",
"green": "#99CC99",
"name": "Tomorrow Night Eighties",
"purple": "#CC99CC",
"red": "#F2777A",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#FFFFFF",
"yellow": "#FFCC66"
},
{
"background": "#000000",
"black": "#000000",
"blue": "#000080",
"brightBlack": "#808080",
"brightBlue": "#0000FF",
"brightCyan": "#00FFFF",
"brightGreen": "#00FF00",
"brightPurple": "#FF00FF",
"brightRed": "#FF0000",
"brightWhite": "#FFFFFF",
"brightYellow": "#FFFF00",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cyan": "#008080",
"foreground": "#C0C0C0",
"green": "#008000",
"name": "Vintage",
"purple": "#800080",
"red": "#800000",
"selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
"white": "#C0C0C0",
"yellow": "#808000"
}
],
// Add custom actions and keybindings to this array.
// To unbind a key combination from your defaults.json, set the command to "unbound".
// To learn more about actions and keybindings, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-keybindings
"actions": [
// Copy and paste are bound to Ctrl+Shift+C and Ctrl+Shift+V in your defaults.json.
// These two lines additionally bind them to Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V.
// To learn more about selection, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-selection
{
"command": { "action": "copy", "singleLine": false },
"keys": "ctrl+c"
},
{ "command": "paste", "keys": "ctrl+v" },
// Press Ctrl + Shift + F to open the search box
{ "command": "find", "keys": "ctrl+shift+f" },
// Press Alt + Enter to toggle full screen
{ "command": "toggleFullscreen", "keys": "alt+enter" },
// Press Alt + Shift + D to open a new pane.
// - "split": "auto" makes this pane open in the direction that provides the most surface area.
// - "splitMode": "duplicate" makes the new pane use the focused pane's profile.
// To learn more about panes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-panes
{
"command": {
"action": "splitPane",
"split": "auto",
"splitMode": "duplicate"
},
"keys": "alt+shift+d"
}
]
}
```
</details>
### PowerShell
#### Change Execution Policy
```pwsh
> Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned # Change the Execution Policy
> Get-ExecutionPolicy # Get current Execution Policy
```
#### Install PowerShell 7
```pwsh
> iex "& { $(irm https://aka.ms/install-powershell.ps1) } -UseMSI"
```
#### Install Modules
```pwsh
# update and check current modules (PackageManagement and PowerShellGet are required.)
> Update-Module
> Get-Module
# install the modules
> Install-Module -Name PSReadLine
> Install-Module -Name posh-git
> Install-Module -Name oh-my-posh
> Install-Module -Name Terminal-Icons
> Install-Module -Name FastPing
```
#### Check the Profile Path
```pwsh
> $Profile | Select-Object *
```
- PowerShell 5: `%USERPROFILE%\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\profile.ps1`
- PowerShell 7: `%USERPROFILE%\Documents\PowerShell\profile.ps1`
<details>
<summary><strong>完整範例</strong></summary>
```pwsh
# --------------------------------------------------
# Contents Managed by Third-Party Softwares
# --------------------------------------------------
#region conda initialize
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
(& "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\Scripts\conda.exe" "shell.powershell" "hook") | Out-String | Invoke-Expression
#endregion
# --------------------------------------------------
# Import Modules
# --------------------------------------------------
Import-Module posh-git
Import-Module oh-my-posh
Import-Module PSReadLine
Set-PoshPrompt -Theme amro
# --------------------------------------------------
# Setup Hot-keys
# --------------------------------------------------
# 設置 Tab 選單補全
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Chord "tab" -Function MenuComplete # tab 選單補全
# 設置 Ctrl 組合快鍵
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Chord "ctrl+z" -Function Undo # ctrl+z 撤銷操作
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Chord "ctrl+u" -Function RevertLine # ctrl+u 清除命令行
Set-PSReadlineKeyHandler -Chord "ctrl+e" -Function EndOfLine # ctrl+e 移動游標到尾部
Set-PSReadlineKeyHandler -Chord "ctrl+a" -Function BeginningOfLine # ctrl+a 移動游標到頭部
Set-PSReadlineKeyHandler -Chord "ctrl+d" -Function ViExit # ctrl+d 退出 PowerShell
# 設定上下鍵
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Chord "UpArrow" -Function HistorySearchBackward # up 向前搜索命令紀錄
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Chord "DownArrow" -Function HistorySearchForward # down 向後搜索命令紀錄
# --------------------------------------------------
# Define Custom Functions
# --------------------------------------------------
# 更新 TexLive (update TexLive)
function Update-TexLive {
$CurrentYear = Get-Date -Format yyyy
Write-Host "[Update TeXLive]" $CurrentYear -ForegroundColor Magenta -BackgroundColor Cyan
tlmgr update --self
tlmgr update --all
}
# --------------------------------------------------
# Scripts to Run after Execute
# --------------------------------------------------
winfetch
# Python 直接执行
$env:PATHEXT += ";.py"
Set-Alias -Name ls -Value Get-ChildItem
```
</details>
### OpenSSH
```pwsh
# 設定開機自啟
> Get-Service -Name ssh-agent | Set-Service -StartupType Automatic
# 啟動服務
> Start-Service ssh-agent
# 確認執行
> Get-Service ssh-agent
# 添加金鑰
> ssh-add ~\.ssh\id_ed25519
```
### Scoop
## 參考資料
- [Scoop Documentation](https://scoop-docs.vercel.app/)
- [Windows terminal Complete Guide | Develop Paper](https://developpaper.com/windows-terminal-complete-guide/)
- [PowerShell 7 Profile Paths and Locations | Ridicurious](https://ridicurious.com/2020/03/12/powershell-7-profile-paths-and-locations/)
- [Windows Shell 使用指南](https://www.cnblogs.com/tomyyyyy/p/15315304.html)
- [Creating My Awesome Windows 10 Dev Setup](https://chimerical.ca/posts/creating-my-awesome-windows-10-dev-setup)
- [從零開始配置好用又好看的 Windows Terminal](https://juejin.cn/post/6850418122147659783)
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