# Install GCC, G++ From Source Code Without Sudo

## 工作站環境

[USERNAME@XXXXX ~]$ hostnamectl
   Static hostname: XXXXXXXXXXX
         Icon name: computer-desktop
           Chassis: desktop
        Machine ID: XXXXXXXXXXX
           Boot ID: XXXXXXXXXXX
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-229.11.1.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64

[USERNAME@XXXXX ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

[USERNAME@XXXXX ~]$ echo $0
-tcsh

## 編譯 & 安裝

# 下載要安裝的版本 (gcc-13.2.0)
wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-13.2.0/gcc-13.2.0.tar.xz --no-check-certificate

# 解壓縮 && 進入目錄
tar xf gcc-13.2.0.tar.xz && cd gcc-13.2.0

# 配置依賴項
./contrib/download_prerequisites

# 安裝
./configure --disable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-threads=posix
make -j
make install DESTDIR=$HOME/.local/gcc-13.2.0

## 在 ~/.tcshrc 中加入下面幾行

# for custom gcc, g++
setenv PATH $HOME/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/bin/:$PATH
if ( ! $?LD_LIBRARY_PATH ) then
    setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $HOME/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/lib/:$HOME/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/lib64/
else
    setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $HOME/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/lib/:$HOME/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/lib64/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
endif
# end for custom gcc, g++

- 如果沒設定 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 也能編譯，但執行時會找不到對應的 .so

## ZShell 的話在 ~/.zshrc 加入下面幾行

# Set custom gcc and g++ paths
export PATH=~/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/bin/:$PATH

# Set LD_LIBRARY_PATH
if [[ -z $LD_LIBRARY_PATH ]]; then
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/lib/:~/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/lib64/
else
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/lib/:~/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/lib64/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
fi

## 附註
- 與系統的 gcc, g++ 還是略有不同，安裝在 user 端的 gcc, g++ 在編譯時需要手動鏈結

[USERNAME@XXXXX ~/test]$ cat thread.cc
    #include <thread> // Need to add -lpthread when compiling

    int main() {
        std::thread([] {}).join();
        return 0;
    }
[USERNAME@XXXXX ~/test]$ /usr/bin/g++ -std=c++11 thread.cc                                       # SUCCESS
[USERNAME@XXXXX ~/test]$ ~/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/bin/g++ -std=c++11 thread.cc              # FAILURE
    /tmp/ccsNMem6.o: In function 'std::thread::_M_thread_deps_never_run()':
    thread.cc:(.text._ZNSt6thread24_M_thread_deps_never_runEv[_ZNSt6thread24_M_thread_deps_never_runEv]+0x5): undefined reference to 'pthread_create'
    thread.cc:(.text._ZNSt6thread24_M_thread_deps_never_runEv[_ZNSt6thread24_M_thread_deps_never_runEv]+0xa): undefined reference to 'pthread_join'
    collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
[USERNAME@XXXXX ~/test]$ ~/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/bin/g++ -std=c++11 thread.cc -lpthread    # SUCCESS

- 安裝新版 gcc, g++ 後 原本的 pretty printing 會失效，需要新增 ~/.gdbinit 調用正確的 printers.py

python # python or python3
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '~/.local/gcc-13.2.0/usr/local/share/gcc-13.2.0/python')
from libstdcxx.v6.printers import register_libstdcxx_printers
register_libstdcxx_printers (None)
end

## 參考連結
1. [install gcc without root](https://www.jianshu.com/p/8d61bfa51f96)
2. [How to fix "export: command not found" in CentOS?](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/680370/how-to-fix-export-command-not-found-in-centos)
3. [Apache/2.4.29 (Trisquel_GNU/Linux) Server at ftp.gnu.org Port 443](https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/)
4. [Installing GCC: Configuration](https://gcc.gnu.org/install/configure.html)
5. [Enable GDB Pretty Printing](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4985414/how-to-enable-gdb-pretty-printing-for-c-stl-objects-in-eclipse-cdt)