---
title: Denny 學長的 Git 教學(上)
description: Git 是在不論是開源或是工程師在工作中常使用的版本控制工具，用來監督程式碼的開發，也可以變成多人合作的利器。但在大學課堂中，教師並不會教導學生使用，更多的學生甚至都不知道有這樣的工具存在。這堂課將帶領大家認識 Git 的基本概念和常用指令，讓你在未來的開發道路上更加順暢。
tags:
- 社課
- 共筆
- 113 學年
---
:::success
# Denny 學長的 Git 教學(上)
**時間：** 2025/04/24（星期四）18:00~20:00
**地點：** 挺生大樓 A3-200 教室
**簡報：** [連結](https://denny.one/git-slide/)
**Slido：** [連結](https://app.sli.do/event/fAMhbRNE6AiDbmnSBijuPf)
:::

> 請從這裡開始

課前設置：https://hackmd.io/@ttussc/before-git

[toc]

### 準備

- install git
-> https://git-scm.com/
`sudo apt install git`
- Windows: 請toggle hidden files及file extensions。

### Useful shell commands
`pwd`
`mkdir`
`cd`
`ls` (`-al`)

### Git vs GitHub
Git: 版控工具
GitHub : git repository hosting platform

### Git

#### Environment setup

設定檔案位置:`~/.gitconfig`

- Setup Username & Email

git config --global user.email <[e-mail]>
git config --global user.name <your-name>

- Setup Default Editor

git config --global core.editor <editor>

像是Notepad++

git config --global core.editor "'C:/Program Files/Notepad++/notepad++.exe' -multiInst -nosession"

#### Working Dir, Staging Area, Repository

#### Useful Git Commands
- `git --help`

- `git status`

- `git log`
查看commit history
`git lg` -> 更漂亮的 `git log`

- `git show <commit hash>`

- `git rm --cached <file>`
untrack file

- `git switch <branch/commithash>`
switch to that branch
`# -c will create the unexisted branch`

- `git reflog`

### GitHub
#### Create repository

去
https://github.com/<username>?tab=repositories
右邊有個綠色的**New**

### License, README, .gitignore
#### License
https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/customizing-your-repository/licensing-a-repository

#### README.md

You can add a README file to your repository to tell other people why your project is useful, what they can do with your project, and how they can use it.

#### .gitignore
https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/git-basics/ignoring-files

如果你有些file/dir不想被版控
(如build, project settings)，可以用。

### Create Local Git Repository

1. create a file (optional)
ex.
`echo "# RepositoryName" >> README.md` `Create README.md file`
2. create an empty Git repository
`git init`
3. Add an file to index (stage changes)
ex.
`git add README.md` `# Add README.md file`
`git add .` `# Add all files in the Repo to index`

4. Commit the staged changes
`git commit -m "<commit message>"` `# -m <message> specifies the commit message`

5. Rename current branch to main

`git branch -M main` (-M 會強制把現在的branch rename)

6. Add remote Git repository
`git remote add <remote-name> <url>`
`git remote set-url <remote-name> <url>` `# 更改URL`
ex.
`git remote add origin https://github.com/<Username>/<Repository>.git`

7. Push to remote Git repository
`git push -u <remote-name> <branch>` `# -u link your local branch to a remote branch`
ex.
`git push -u origin main`