美國會議員演講25小時4分鐘 創最長紀錄 (持續更新中,目前處理290分鐘)

我知道,許多未來的科研人員在他們科學生涯的起點正面臨訓練機會的缺失,這讓他們處於一種不確定狀態。目前,學術日曆按照自己的節奏運行,每年這個時候,博士課程(PhD programs)、博士後職位(postdoc positions)和實驗室的錄取通知通常會開始出現在人們的收件箱中。然而,正當大學和學術醫療中心忙於這個過程時,美國國家衛生研究院(NIH)在唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump)總統領導下發布了一項關於間接成本(indirect costs)的政策。這項政策的時機可謂糟糕透頂。馬里蘭大學(University of Maryland)的副教授韋弗利·丁(Waverly Ding)研究生物醫學科學勞動力,她表示,這將在市場上掀起一陣震盪,對實驗室(labs)造成嚴重影響,尤其是小型實驗室,因為它們缺乏足夠的人力資本(human capital)來進行科學研究。這也將為博士生(PhD students)帶來混亂,形成一個影響整個生態系統的連鎖效應。
我知道我們並不都熱衷於科學,但這裡有幾位醫生確實注意到了他們發出的警報,認為這情況並不正常。這種放緩在一些大學有發生,而在其他大學則沒有。一些學生可能尚未意識到這個問題,他們焦急地等待錄取通知書,卻未完全理解國家政治在這些決定中扮演的角色。一些教職員正面臨招生困境,資源匱乏且進展停滯,而其他人則表示,他們從南加州大學(University of Southern California, USC)的領導層獲得的信息或指導極少。作為一名前斯坦福大學(Stanford University)橄欖球運動員,我很難談論南加州大學,但我還是忍不住要調侃他們一下。墨菲參議員(Senator Murphy),上週南加州大學某些學系的教職員被告知要暫停招生(admissions),甚至不對已經到訪並口頭接受錄取的學生正式發出錄取通知。這實在很尷尬,因為我們已經告知這些申請者他們被暫時錄取,並邀請他們參加現場招聘日(in-person recruitment day)。許多人已經買了機票並預訂了酒店,這種做法實在太殘忍了。一位教授在教職員討論中表示,這一情況被《STAT》報導觀察到。
我知道墨菲參議員常在教職員討論列表中出現。心理學系的招生暫停本週已解除,南加州大學人口與公共衛生科學系(Department of Population and Public Health Sciences)健康行為研究博士課程(doctoral program in health behavioral research)的負責人詹妮弗·昂格(Jennifer Unger)教授透露了這一點。她在南加州大學凱克醫學院(Keck School of Medicine)表示,直到週三,她仍無法錄取2月3日參訪日後被接受的六名研究生。我們已經為他們支付了機票,告訴他們我們很喜歡他們,想錄取他們,但隨後一切都停擺了。昂格說,這一切都發生在特朗普宣布削減間接成本的那一天,南加州大學因此暫停了博士招生。我不知道該怎麼跟這些學生解釋。她說,有些學生可能會收到其他地方的錄取通知並選擇離開,我們很可能已經失去了他們。儘管南加州大學在週三解除了許多學系的招生限制,昂格表示她仍無法錄取學生。她希望招生系統(portal)能盡快開放,但她指出,這次干擾正值公共衛生領域因特朗普政府的政策而動盪不安之際,這也影響了潛在的研究生。
這對學生來說壓力很大,這是一個重大的人生決定,她說。他們已經在擔憂自己的未來,問道:「你覺得我們能在這種環境下找到工作嗎?你覺得我們能拿到研究經費(grants)嗎?」南加州大學研究生院院長(Dean of the graduate school)週五晚些時候向《STAT》表示,大學曾短暫暫停博士招生,以評估聯邦資金的不確定性,但現在招生程序已重新開放。然而,一些學校仍在繼續接收在近期動盪前已接受錄取的研究生,並表示這些錄取通知依然有效。通訊資深總監瑞秋·曾斯(Rachel Zens)說:「據我們所知,科學領域的研究生招生未受到任何干擾。」
在某些情況下,招生和招聘的暫停早在NIH政策改變之前就已實施,這顯示特朗普政府威脅因多樣性、公平性和包容性(diversity, equity, and inclusion)努力而扣留聯邦研究資金的舉動,正在迅速改變大學的財務基礎。2月6日,范德比爾特大學(Vanderbilt University)的教職員接到指示,要求全面將研究生招生人數減半,這是根據《STAT》獲得的一封電子郵件內容。同日,華盛頓大學(University of Washington)公共衛生學院的教職員收到一封電子郵件,要求暫停向博士生發出錄取通知及對研究生的財務支持(financial support),教職員招聘也被凍結。該郵件中提到,週二,公共衛生學院發出另一封郵件通知社區,部分教職員招聘和博士生招生將繼續,但規模大幅縮減。學校還計劃採取更多成本控制措施,包括招聘凍結(hiring freeze),直到學年結束,這是由於特朗普政府帶來的波動性。現有的錄取通知將會被兌現,華盛頓大學公共衛生學院院長希拉里·古德溫(Hilary Godwin)寫道。
華盛頓大學免疫學系(UW immunology department)主任瑪莉安·佩珀(Marion Pepper)表示,大學領導指示她將下一屆學生的規模控制在比通常每年錄取5到9名學生更小的數量。這說起來容易做起來難,因為每年接受錄取通知的學生比例各不相同。佩珀告訴《STAT》,雖然她預計新一批學生規模會比往年略小,但她已與華盛頓大學及其他地方的課程負責人討論過將班級規模減少一半甚至更多。她說:「我知道其他課程的負責人對於如何在沒有學生資金的情況下維持實驗室運作感到悲觀,這真的很令人不知所措。」醫學院和醫學研究受到重創。目前尚不清楚有多少其他大學採取了類似的預防性緊縮措施,但公共衛生學院和醫學院尤其脆弱,因為它們通常有許多教職員、博士後(postdocs)和研究生依靠研究經費(grants)支持。
波士頓大學(Boston University)公共衛生學院也下令全面凍結所有新教職員和員工職位的招聘,包括學生工作者和博士後,並發布了校園公告。院長麥可·史坦(Michael Stein)表示,這一舉措是因為當下的不確定性。學校發言人告訴《STAT》,研究生招生未受凍結影響。昂格說,南加州大學在她所在的學系早些時候、行政命令發布前就削減了一些助教(teaching assistants)的資金,這使得她課程中的研究生人數從10人減少到6人。2月11日,哥倫比亞大學醫學院(Columbia University Medical School)的教職員被告知,學校將暫停招聘以及其他活動,例如旅行和設備採購,這是根據《哥倫比亞觀察家》(Columbia Spectator)獲得的一封電子郵件內容。哥倫比亞大學的發言人拒絕對此暫停置評。
在其他情況下,一些學校可能會比原計劃錄取更少的研究生,這並非因為大學領導的明確指示,而是因為教職員對未來感到不確定。鑑於特朗普政府打算在北卡羅來納大學教堂山分校(University of North Carolina Chapel Hill)削減數十億美元的間接資金,今年研究生錄取人數將減少25%。細胞生物學教授馬克·皮爾弗(Mark Pilfer)根據對帶學生的教職員的調查表示,這意味著該校將在生物醫學科學(biomedical sciences)領域錄取約75名學生。他指出,每年研究生人數都有變化,因此這種下降並非前所未有,但數字仍在持續下降。在接受《STAT》採訪時,北卡羅來納大學萊姆伯格綜合癌症中心(UNC’s Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center)主任羅伯特·法姆斯(Robert Farms)表示,招聘凍結、減少博士生人數及其他類似的成本控制措施正在考慮之中,因為該中心同樣面臨其他研究機構的財務動盪。他說:「這些選項都擺在桌上,可惜的是不確定性實在太大了。我們能聘請這位教職員嗎?我們能購買這台設備嗎?」
I know that many future researchers are facing a lack of training opportunities at the start of their scientific careers, leaving them in a state of uncertainty. Right now, the academic calendar runs to its own rhythm, and it’s typically this time of year when offer letters for PhD programs, postdoc positions, and labs start hitting inboxes. However, just as universities and academic medical centers were in the thick of this process, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under President Donald Trump issued a policy on indirect costs. The timing of this couldn’t be worse. Waverly Ding, an associate professor at the University of Maryland who studies the biomedical sciences workforce, says it’s creating a jolt in the market that will be disabling, especially for smaller labs, because they won’t have the human capital to conduct their science. It’s also going to create chaos for PhD students. It will become a cascading chain effect throughout the entire ecosystem.
I know not all of us are into science, but we have a few doctors here who are indeed noticing the alarm they’re sounding, saying this isn’t normal. This slowdown is happening at some universities but not others. Some students may be unaware of the issue as they anxiously await acceptance letters, not fully understanding the role national politics plays in those decisions. Some faculty are grappling with poor admissions and stalled progress, while others say they’re receiving little information or guidance from leadership at the University of Southern California (USC). As a former Stanford University football player, it’s hard for me to talk about USC, but I couldn’t resist jabbing them a little. Senator Murphy, last week, faculty in some departments at USC were told to pause admissions and not formalize offers to students, even those who had visited and given verbal acceptances. The awkward part is that we had already told these applicants they were provisionally accepted and invited them to an in-person recruitment day. Many have already bought flights and booked hotels—that’s just cruel. One professor said in a faculty discussion observed by STAT.
I know Senator Murphy hangs out in faculty discussion lists. The pause on admissions in psychology was lifted this week, according to Jennifer Unger, a professor who runs a doctoral program in health behavioral research in the Department of Population and Public Health Sciences at USC. The Keck School of Medicine said on Wednesday that she still couldn’t admit the six graduate students her department had accepted after a visit day on February 3rd. We had flown them out, told them we loved them and wanted to admit them, but then everything just stopped, Unger said. It happened the day Donald Trump announced they were cutting indirect costs, and USC paused its PhD admissions. I just don’t know what to tell them, she said to the students. Some might get offers elsewhere and will likely go somewhere else—we’ve probably lost them. Despite USC unpausing admissions in many departments on Wednesday, Unger said she still couldn’t admit students. She hopes her portal for admitting students will open soon, but she noted that this disruption comes at a time when her field of public health is already reeling from the Trump administration’s actions, something affecting potential graduate students too.
It’s very stressful for them—it’s a major life decision, she said. They were already worried about their futures, asking, “Do you think we’ll be able to get jobs in this environment? Do you think we’ll get grants?” The Dean of the graduate school at USC told STAT late Friday that the university briefly paused PhD admissions to assess uncertainties around federal funding, but the admissions process is now open. However, some schools are still continuing to accept students who had accepted offers before the recent turmoil, saying those offers remain intact. Rachel Zens, Senior Director of Communications, said, “We have no knowledge of any disruptions to graduate student admissions in the science fields.”
In some cases, pauses in hiring and admissions were implemented ahead of the NIH policy change, evidence of how quickly the Trump administration’s threats to withhold federal research dollars over diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts are shifting the financial footing of universities. On February 6, faculty at Vanderbilt University were instructed to reduce graduate admissions by half across the board, according to an email obtained by STAT. That same day, faculty at the University of Washington School of Public Health received an email to pause offers to doctoral students as well as financial support for graduate students. Faculty hiring was also frozen. The email said that on Tuesday, the public health school sent another email informing the community that some faculty hiring and PhD admissions would continue, but at a greatly diminished level. The school is also planning to take more cost-containment measures, including a hiring freeze through the end of the academic year, due to the volatility caused by the Trump administration. Existing offers will be honored, wrote Hilary Godwin, Dean of the University of Washington School of Public Health.
Marion Pepper, chair of the UW Immunology Department, said she was instructed by university leadership to keep her program’s next-generation cohort smaller than the usual 5 to 9 students admitted each year. That’s easier said than done, because the proportion of students who accept offers varies year to year. Pepper told STAT that while she expects the incoming class to be slightly smaller than usual, she has spoken with program heads at UW and elsewhere who are reducing class sizes by half or more. “I know for other programs, they’re feeling bleak about how they’re going to keep labs running without funding for students,” Pepper said. “It’s pretty overwhelming.” Medical schools are hit hard. Medical research is hit hard. It’s unclear how many other universities are taking similar preemptive belt-tightening measures, but schools of public health and medical schools are particularly vulnerable because they tend to have many faculty, postdocs, and graduate students supported by grants.
Boston University School of Public Health has also ordered an across-the-board hiring freeze on all new faculty and staff positions, including student workers and postdocs, in a campus-wide announcement. Dean Michael Stein said the move was being made due to the uncertainty of the moment. A spokesperson for the school told STAT that graduate admissions were unaffected by the freeze. Unger said USC had cut funding for some teaching assistants in her department earlier in the year, before the executive orders, which reduced the number of graduate students in her program from 10 to 6. On February 11, Columbia University Medical School faculty were told the school was putting a temporary pause on hiring as well as other activities like travel and equipment procurement, according to an email obtained by the Columbia Spectator. A spokesperson for Columbia declined to comment on the pause.
In other cases, schools may accept fewer graduate students than planned, not because of an overt directive from university leaders, but because faculty feel unsure about the future. Given the Trump administration’s intent to cut billions of dollars in overhead funding at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 25% fewer graduate students will be admitted this year. Based on a survey of faculty members taking students, Mark Pilfer, a professor in cell biology there, said this means the school will admit about 75 students across the biomedical sciences. He noted that the number of graduate students varies each year, so the decline isn’t unprecedented, but the numbers continue to go down. In an interview with STAT, Robert Farms, director of UNC’s Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, said hiring freezes, fewer PhD students, and other similar cost-containment measures are being considered as the center is eyeing the same financially turbulent waters as other research institutions. “Every one of these things is on the table,” Farms said. “Unfortunately, there’s so much uncertainty. Can we hire this faculty member? Can we purchase this equipment?”
他們只是不清楚中心究竟需要採取哪些措施,或者需要採取多少措施。他說,因為仍然有太多未知數,例如,美國國家衛生研究院(National Institutes of Health, NIH)關於間接成本(indirect costs)削減政策的結果尚未明朗,還不知道最終會如何發展。這讓所有人都陷入無所作為的狀態。美國國家衛生研究院審批擬議研究經費(grants)的關鍵流程也出現了干擾,進一步加劇了這種不確定性。雖然一些研究小組(study sections)在本月初恢復了對補助申請的審查,但顧問委員會(advisory councils)的會議卻未能召開。NIH下屬的27個研究所各有一個自己的顧問委員會,每年召開三次會議,以對新研究項目發出最終建議。然而,自1月22日起,這些委員會一次會議都未召開。所有衛生機構都被下令實施通訊凍結(communications freezes)。
一項名為《聯邦顧問委員會法案》(Federal Advisory Committee Act)的法律要求顧問委員會在會議預定日期前15天於《聯邦公報》(Federal Register)上公布會議詳情。然而,由於《聯邦公報》的提交已被無限期擱置,這些會議無法舉行。沒有這些會議,就無法為新的研究經費提供資金。據一名NIH員工透露,原定於本週五召開的一場會議,本來是為了讓某研究所主任提供學生相關資訊,這場會議已提前在《聯邦公報》上公布,但週三仍被取消。原因是該會議明確規定將包括一場對公眾開放的環節(open session)。然而,由於目前仍禁止任何公開通訊(public communications),包含公開環節的會議無法舉行。他們也無法更新《聯邦公報》上的議程,取消公開環節,因為《聯邦公報》目前處於關閉狀態。那些原本指望經費獎項來支付新研究生(graduate students)和博士後(postdocs)薪水的主要研究員(principal investigators)現在只能疑惑,他們的實驗室(labs)是否能撐過這個夏天,更不用說接納新成員了。
麻省理工學院(MIT)的神經科學家(neuroscientist)南希·坎維舍(Nancy Kanwisher)週三在社交媒體上提到這一點。她說:「我去年9月提交的經費申請就這樣泡湯了,本該上週接受審查。雖然在當前局勢下,這算不上最大的悲劇,但這將迫使我大幅縮減我本已很小的實驗室。」另一位在東海岸知名機構從事計算動力學(computational dynamics)研究的學者也有類似的擔憂,他因擔心被特朗普政府針對而要求匿名。他說:「下週有人要來參觀實驗室,這些是我們還沒能發出錄取通知的學生,因為我們做不到。我不知道該怎麼跟他們說。」除了對年輕科學家的直接傷害,他還擔心這會對計算機科學(computer science)和生物醫學工程(biomedical engineering)等領域造成長期損害。這些領域一直是美國的全球領先領域。他說:「如果我們停止培養學生,我們很快就會失去領先優勢。」目前的情況尚不明朗。
They just don’t know exactly what or how many measures the center has to take. He said, as there are simply still too many unknowns—for instance, the outcome of the NIH indirect costs cut policy is still up in the air, not knowing how it’s going to play out. It just freezes everybody into inaction. Adding to the uncertainty is disruptions to key parts of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) approval process for proposed grants. Although some meetings of study sections, in which grant applications are reviewed, resumed at the start of the month, meetings of advisory councils have not. Each of the 27 institutes of the NIH has its own advisory council, which meets three times a year to issue final recommendations on new research projects. None of these councils have met since January 22nd. Communications freezes were ordered across all health agencies.
A law called the Federal Advisory Committee Act requires that advisory councils post meeting details in the Federal Register 15 days prior to their scheduled date, but because submissions to the Federal Register have been put on hold indefinitely, these meetings can’t take place. Without these meetings, no new grants can be funded. According to one NIH employee, at least one NIH meeting scheduled for this Friday—to allow an institute director to provide student-related information that could proceed because it had been posted to the Federal Register—was nonetheless canceled on Wednesday. This was because the meeting was specified to include a session open to the public. But because a ban remains in place on any public communications, meetings with open sessions cannot be held. They can’t update the Federal Register with a revised agenda omitting the open session because the Federal Register is closed. Principal investigators who had been counting on awards to pay the salaries of new graduate students and postdocs are now left wondering if their labs will be able to make it through the summer, let alone take on new members.
Referencing the hold on submissions to the Federal Register, MIT neuroscientist Nancy Kanwisher posted on social media Wednesday: “So much for the grant I submitted last September, which was supposed to be reviewed last week. Hardly the biggest tragedy on the current scale of things, but it will force me to severely downsize my already small lab.” Fears were similar for one computational dynamics researcher at a prominent East Coast institution, who asked for anonymity for fear of being targeted by the Trump administration. “We have people coming to visit the lab next week. These are students we haven’t made offers to yet because we can’t. I don’t know what I’m going to tell them,” he said. Beyond the immediate harm to young scientists, he worries about the long-term damage to fields like computer science and biomedical engineering—areas where the U.S. has long been the world leader. “If we stop training students, we’re going to lose the lead very quickly,” he said. It’s not clear what will happen next.
其他人會接手嗎?我們只會變得更糟,而人們甚至不會意識到這一點。要注意到這一點需要20年的時間,而不是短期的解決方案。此外,美國國家衛生研究院(National Institutes of Health, NIH)內部的削減也使得有潛力的科學家能去接受訓練的地方迅速減少。自1960年代以來,NIH為剛畢業的大學生提供了在研究所實驗室(labs)中從事1到2年全職研究工作的機會,許多科學家認為這是吸引年輕人進入生物醫學領域(biomedical fields)的關鍵工具。然而,2月1日,NIH網站上發布了一則通知,宣布所有培訓項目(training programs)已暫停招生,等待衛生與公眾服務部(Health and Human Services)的進一步指導。NIH的博士後計畫(postbac program),為剛畢業的大學生提供研究職位和職業諮詢,去年錄取了大約1600人,但2025年將不再接受任何新申請者。一位要求匿名的NIH員工表示,擔心會有報復,他說:「這是培訓醫生和生物醫學科學家的重要環節。在美國,你找不到一所醫學院(medical school)或生物醫學課程(biomedical program)裡沒有來自這個博士後計畫的學生,而現在它結束了。」
特朗普政府可能希望這種學術招聘的困境能推動新畢業生或剛獲得博士學位(PhDs)的人進入私營行業。然而,由於這種干擾的傳播速度和規模,這不太可能如他們所願。製藥公司不會突然為畢業生開設更多職位來適應這種情況。丁(Waverly Ding)說,更可能的是,人們會開始在美國以外尋找機會,或者完全找不到工作。目前還太早,無法確定這是否是失去一代科學家的最初跡象。即使像丁這樣追蹤數據的人,能夠提供損害程度線索的專家,也面臨自己工作能否繼續的不確定性。她計劃聘請一名博士後(postdoc)的計畫目前被擱置,因為她在等待國家科學基金會(National Science Foundation)的經費結果,而該基金會正面臨自身的劇烈削減。她說:「老實說,我站在這裡是因為我在9小時前說過,我會站在這裡,因為美國正在發生的事情並不正常。我們經歷了醫療保健的削減,社會保障(Social Security)被攻擊、削弱和大幅削減,教育部(Department of Education)也遭到衝擊。但如果這些事情沒讓你擔憂,像這樣的聲明應該會讓你警醒。」
現在說這些是失去一代美國科學家的最初跡象還為時過早。我知道這一點。我很榮幸能在海外的牛津大學(Oxford University)學習,在矽谷的斯坦福大學(Stanford University)學習,在耶魯大學(Yale University)學習,看著朋友們獲得科學學位,有些東西我甚至拼不出來。他們有選擇,不僅在美國,而是與地球上最聰明的頭腦競爭。從加拿大到牛津,再到亞洲國家,全球競爭正在進行。如果你告訴我,在特朗普政府執政71天後,成千上萬的人正在失去科學研究的機會,在人類努力最重要的領域無法被聘用,他們會去其他地方。超過一代人的時間,美國之所以能領導全球,是因為研究型大學(research universities)、私營部門(private sector)、產業和政府之間的結合。我怎麼知道這一點?因為我能站在這裡就是因為這個原因。美國的整個電腦革命(computer revolution)之所以發生,是因為學術機構的電腦科學研究人員與產業合作,並在多方面得到政府的資助。這幫助像IBM這樣的公司憑藉他們的大型機(mainframes)主導市場。我父親是IBM在華盛頓特區和馬里蘭地區首批聘用的黑人銷售員之一。我的父母都成為IBM人(IBMers),因為當科學努力轉化為新產業、新想法、新生物醫學突破時,它在我們的經濟中產生了漣漪效應,帶動了許多人向上提升。
然而,在71天內,唐納德·特朗普的行動讓科學文章開始討論博士後計畫的取消,這個計畫通常為1600名聰明的畢業生提供工作機會,而現在這些機會沒了。科學家們——不是政治人物或政客——認為這是一場危機。這是美國的危機。然而,我們在國會(Congress)還未就此舉行過一次聽證會,一所又一所大學都在敲響警鐘。我不可能是唯一聽到這些的參議員。不僅是我的州,從紐約到加州的大學都在發出警報,我們將失去競爭優勢。我猜我們最大的競爭對手之一——中國,正如文章所述,正在加倍投入科學研究。但讓我舉幾個例子,然後我會回答問題。我想談談新澤西的一些機構,他們寫信給我。羅格斯大學(Rutgers University)一直是空軍研究實驗室(Air Force Research Laboratories)的合作夥伴,參與少數族裔領袖研究合作計畫(Minority Leaders Research Collaborative Program),由俄亥俄州立大學(Ohio State University)主導的這項計畫現已暫停,天知道他們是否因為用了「少數族裔」這個詞。年度計畫審查和暑期實習計畫(summer internship programs)預計今年不會進行。羅格斯護理學院(School of Nursing)與尼日利亞的人類病毒學研究所(Institute of Human Virology)合作,致力於維持對愛滋病(HIV)疫情的精準和綜合應對控制,這項計畫由疾病控制與預防中心(CDC)和總統愛滋病緊急救援計畫(PEPFAR)資助,但現在收到了停工令(stop work order)。
多家羅格斯實體收到聯邦機構關於取消多元化、公平與包容性(DEI)相關學徒計畫(apprenticeship programs)的通知。許多試圖尋找最優秀人才的會議被取消,無論這些人才來自何處,因為在霍華德大學(Howard University)、菲斯克大學(Fisk University)和莫爾豪斯學院(Morehouse College)有許多天才常被忽視。羅格斯大學分子生物學與生物化學系(Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry)的安妮卡·巴伯(Annika Barber)教授寫道,羅格斯大學參與NIH的學生發展最大化計畫(Initiative for Maximizing Student Development),這項經費支持額外五名博士生(doctoral students)。這筆經費將於2026年1月到期,我們在今年秋天提交了續申請,我為此寫了一封支持信。然而,這項經費提案很可能甚至不會被審查。我剛完成NIH最大化研究獎(Maximizing Investigators’ Research Award)的第一年資助,並提交了未來幾年的進度報告。這些是非競爭性續簽(non-competing renewals),意味著不需要經過同行評審(peer review)。過去,這些由NIH計畫官員審查,確保資金按批准用途管理和研究成果。然而,NIH處理這些非競爭性續簽的速度極慢,這類經費需要一個增強工作的計畫。
我想讀一封手寫的信:「我寫信給您,不僅是作為一個相信進步、教育和科學力量能改善生活的關心父母。我的女兒是神經科學(neuroscience)的博士,致力於可能拯救無數生命的研究。作為科學界的少數族裔,她在這個競爭激烈且常被忽視的領域中不懈努力。看到當前對研究經費的政治攻擊令人心碎,不僅對她的未來,對美國的未來也是如此。科學不是政治,它服務於所有人。然而,像NIH和國家科學基金會這樣的資助機構正面臨威脅,可能停止帶來醫學突破的關鍵研究。這些削減不僅會減緩對抗癌症(cancer)、阿茲海默症(Alzheimer’s)和帕金森氏症(Parkinson’s)等疾病的進展,還會打擊年輕科學家的熱情,許多人已經努力爭取進入這些領域。這不僅關乎科學家,而是關乎每個美國人。疾病不分黨派。沒有足夠的研究經費,我們都可能失去更好的治療、新療法和改善醫療的機會。如果我們真想打造一個更強大、更具創新性的美國,我們必須投資科學,而不是放棄它。削減研究經費也會損害我們的經濟。科學創新推動就業創造、醫學進步和全球發展。一個不投資科學的國家將落後。」我將回答問題,同時保留發言權。
Will anyone else pick up the ball? We’re just going to be worse off, and people won’t even be aware of it. It’s hard to notice when it takes 20 years instead of a quick fix. Moreover, cuts within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are adding to the rapidly shrinking pool of places where prospective scientists can train. Since the 1960s, the NIH has provided opportunities for recent college graduates to spend 1 to 2 years in full-time research positions within its labs, a program many scientists see as a key tool for recruiting young people into biomedical fields. On February 1st, a notice appeared on the NIH website announcing that all training programs had paused recruitment, pending guidance from the Department of Health and Human Services. The NIH postbac program, which provides recent college graduates with research positions and career advising, admitted roughly 1,600 people last year but will not accept any new applicants for 2025. According to an NIH employee who requested anonymity out of fear of repercussions, “It’s a vital link in the training of doctors and biomedical scientists in this country. You can’t find a medical school or biomedical program that doesn’t have students from the postbac program, and now it’s ended.”
While the Trump administration may hope that the headwinds in academic hiring will push recent graduates or newly minted PhDs into private industry, it’s unlikely to play out that way due to the speed and scale of the disruption. Pharmaceutical firms aren’t going to suddenly open up more jobs for graduates to adapt to this situation. Ding says it’s more likely that people will start looking for opportunities outside the United States or end up without jobs altogether. At this point, it’s still too early to say if these are the first signs of losing a generation of scientists. Even people like Ding, who track data that could provide clues about the extent of the damage, face uncertainty about their own work. Her plan to hire a postdoc is currently on hold as she waits to find out if a grant from the National Science Foundation, which is facing its own dramatic cuts, will come through. “Honestly, I’m here because I said at the beginning, some 9 hours ago, that I was going to stand here because what’s going on in America is not normal,” she said. “We’ve gone through healthcare cuts, Social Security being attacked, undermined, and slashed, and the Department of Education hit hard. But if those things don’t worry you, statements like this should.”
It’s still a little too early to say these are the first signs of losing a generation of American scientists. I know this. I’ve been privileged to study at Oxford University overseas, at Stanford University in Silicon Valley, and at Yale University, watching friends earn degrees in the sciences—things I couldn’t even spell. They had options, not just in America, but among the brightest minds on the planet. There’s a global competition for them, from Canada to Oxford to countries in Asia. If you’re telling me that thousands of people, 71 days into the Trump administration, are losing opportunities in the sciences to do research in the most important areas of human endeavor and can’t get hired, they will go elsewhere. For over a generation, America has led the planet because of this combination of research universities, the private sector, industry, and government. How do I know this? Because I’m here because of it. The whole computer revolution in America happened because incredible computer science researchers at academic institutions partnered with industry and were funded in many ways by the government. It helped companies like IBM dominate with their mainframes. My dad was one of IBM’s first Black salesmen hired in the Washington, DC, and Maryland area. My parents became IBMers because when scientific endeavor explodes into new industries, new ideas, and biomedical breakthroughs, it creates a ripple effect through our economy, lifting so many people up.
Yet, in 71 days, Donald Trump’s actions have led scientific articles to discuss the cancellation of a postdoc program that provides bright recent college graduates—brilliant people, 1,600 of them—with jobs that are usually secured. This has sparked outrage from scientists—not political people, not politicians—calling it a crisis. It’s a crisis in America. And we haven’t held a single hearing on this in Congress yet, even as university after university sounds the alarm. I can’t be the only senator seeing this happen. Not just in my state—universities from New York to California are raising the alarm that we’re going to lose our competitive edge. I guess one of our greatest competitors, China, as the article noted, is doubling down on scientific research. But let me give you some examples, and then I’ll yield for questions. I want to talk about some New Jersey institutions that have written to me. Rutgers University has been a partner in the Air Force Research Laboratories’ Minority Leaders Research Collaborative Program, a grant led by Ohio State University that’s now on pause—God forbid they use the word “minority.” The annual program review and summer internship programs are not expected to happen this year. Rutgers’ School of Nursing has been working with the Institute of Human Virology in Nigeria on an initiative to sustain precision and integrated HIV response toward epidemic control, funded through the CDC and PEPFAR grants, but a stop-work order came in.
Multiple Rutgers entities have received communications from federal agencies about the cancellation of DEI-related apprenticeship programs. Many conferences aimed at finding the best minds, wherever they might be, have been canceled—because there are geniuses at Howard University, Fisk University, and Morehouse College who are often overlooked. Annika Barber, a faculty member in Rutgers’ Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, wrote that Rutgers holds an NIH Initiative for Maximizing Student Development training grant that supports an additional five doctoral students. This grant expires in January 2026, and we applied for a renewal this fall, for which I wrote a letter of support. However, it seems likely that this grant proposal won’t even be reviewed. I just completed the first year of funding on my NIH Maximizing Investigators’ Research Award and submitted my progress report for the next years of funding. These are non-competing renewals, meaning they don’t go through peer review. In the past, they were reviewed by NIH program officials to ensure the funds were managed in accordance with the approved grant and research findings. However, NIH has been extremely slow to process even these non-competitive renewals. This type of grant requires a plan for enhancing the work.
I want to read a handwritten letter: “I am writing to you not only as a concerned parent who believes in progress, education, and the power of science to improve lives. My daughter is a PhD in neuroscience, dedicating her life to research that has the potential to save countless lives. As a minority in science, she has worked tirelessly to overcome barriers in a field that is already competitive and often overlooked. Watching the current political attacks on research funding is devastating—not just for her future, but for the future of America. Science is not political. It serves all people. Yet funding cuts to agencies like NIH and the National Science Foundation threaten to halt critical research that leads to medical breakthroughs. These cuts will not only slow progress in fighting diseases like cancer, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s, but they will also discourage young scientists—many of whom have already fought hard to enter these spaces—from staying in the field. This isn’t just about scientists; it’s about every American. Diseases don’t know political parties. Without adequate research funding, we all risk losing the chance for better treatments, new cures, and improved healthcare. If we truly want a stronger, more innovative America, we must invest in science, not abandon it. Cutting research funding will also harm our economy. Scientific innovation drives job creation, medical advancements, and global progress. A country that doesn’t invest in science is a country that falls behind.” I will yield for a question while retaining the floor.
那麼,布克參議員(Senator Booker),理由是什麼?我先給你一些可能的建議。或許這只是為了強迫忠誠(compel loyalty)。或許是利用這些資金來強迫忠誠,讓教育委員會(boards of education)或大學只教授保守派或右傾的課程(conservative or right-leaning curriculum)。也可能是為了平息校園內的抗議(quell protest on campuses),讓學生無法有力地抗議政府的政策(policies of the regime)。又或者,這只是為了摧毀客觀真理(objective truth)的概念。我的意思是,關於訊號(signal)的整個醜聞涉及很多層面,但我認為對美國公眾來說最令人擔憂的一點是什麼?為什麼這件事在一週後仍是新聞?因為國防部長(Secretary of Defense)直視美國公眾的眼睛說,2+2等於9。他說,你們看到的那些訊號文本不涉及戰爭計畫(war plans),不涉及機密資訊(classified information)。但美國公眾的反應是:「等等,我們讀過那些內容。我不是傻子。我知道那是戰爭計畫,我知道那是機密資訊。」然而,如果你從事的是推翻民主(unwind a democracy)的工作,你就必須摧毀客觀真理。你得讓一切都政治化(make everything political),讓一切都變成主觀的(make everything subjective)。那麼客觀真理的孕育之地在哪裡?就在我們的教育系統(education system)中。
也許這與社會保障(Social Security)的議程相同,只是找個藉口將其私有化(privatize it)。或者把所有用於公共部門研究的資金全部轉移到私營部門(private sector),讓它成為獎勵特朗普總統(President Trump)朋友的來源,這也可能是一個理由。或者更簡單一點,也許只是為了掌控局面(own the lens)。也許只是因為歷史上,左派的民主黨人(Democrats on the left)可能比共和黨人(Republicans)更多地談論教育。雖然對我來說,這一直是我們雙方都關心的事情。無論我是否同意喬治·布希(George Bush)的「不讓一個孩子落後」(No Child Left Behind)計畫,至少他帶著一個改善教育的計畫走進國會(Capitol)。但也許只是因為左派民主黨人歷來更關注教育。如果你像唐納德·特朗普這樣相信,所有政治都是零和遊戲(zero-sum),那麼民主黨支持的任何東西,根據定義,對美國來說一定是壞事。民主黨人似乎喜歡大學(college),他們似乎真的很支持我們的學校(schools)。所以我們必須摧毀大學,摧毀公共教育(public education)。因為如果左派支持它,那它一定是邪惡的(evil)。也許這就是他們這麼做的原因。
但這是我向你提出的問題,因為這與我們的經濟(economy)無關,也與讓聯邦政府退出學校和大學的管理無關。這裡有另一個議程(agenda),而且這個議程似乎與美國人民所要求的任何東西都不一致。布克參議員,我想回答你。我想如果我試圖去理解特朗普的野心,或者他曾說不是他的「2025計畫」(Project 2025)中那些瘋狂東西背後的野心,我會把自己逼瘋。他們試圖否認那是他們的計畫,因為它太不受歡迎,但現在很多內容正在實施。這聽起來太過黨派化(partisan),太瘋狂了。墨菲參議員(Senator Murphy),針對你的問題,我想做的,是盡量公平且真實地描述我們國家正在發生的事情,並呼籲這個國家的溫和派(moderates),那些能公正判斷正在發生什麼的人,試圖讓他們明白這是一場危機(crisis)。
當一所又一所大學削減科學研究(scientific research),停止引進最優秀的人才——博士候選人(PhD candidates)、博士後(postdocs);當他們告訴你,他們停止投資最先進的研究大樓(state-of-the-art research buildings);當他們告訴你,他們正在關閉計畫,無法引進最年輕、最聰明的頭腦,而我們的競爭對手——中國(China)卻在做完全相反的事情,大量投入資金。因為中國明白,如果他們在量子計算(quantum computing)上領先美國兩步,就能破解各種加密(encryption),定位每一艘潛艇(submarine)。中國明白,如果他們在人工智慧(artificial intelligence)上領先美國兩步,對他們來說就是終局(endgame)。這是一場全球競爭(global competition)。如果你是美國的溫和派,只希望美國在人類努力(human endeavor)中獲勝,看看總統在執政71天後做了什麼。墨菲參議員,你提到了一點,這是奧威爾式的(Orwellian)。正如弗雷德里克(Frederick)的一篇文章所述,大學是自由的堡壘(bastions of freedom),不是嗎?
So, what’s the reason, Senator Booker? I’ll just throw out a few possible suggestions. Maybe it’s just to compel loyalty. Maybe it’s to use that money to force loyalty so that boards of education or colleges only teach conservative or right-leaning curriculum. Maybe it’s to quell protests on campuses, so students can’t robustly protest the policies of the regime. Or maybe it’s just to destroy the idea of objective truth. I mean, this whole scandal over Signal has lots of elements, but I think one of the most worrying things for the American public is this: Why is it still a story a week later? Because the Secretary of Defense looked the American public in the eye and said 2+2 equals 9. He said those Signal texts you saw didn’t involve war plans or classified information. The American public was like, “Wait a second, we read them. I’m not dumb. I know those were war plans. I know that was classified information.” But if you’re in the business of unwinding a democracy, you have to destroy objective truth. You have to make everything political, everything subjective. And where is objective truth nurtured? It’s in our education system.
Maybe it’s the same agenda as with Social Security—just come up with an excuse to privatize it. Or take all the money going to good public-sector research and move it into the private sector, so it can be a source of reward for President Trump’s friends. That could be a rationale too. Or maybe it’s even simpler. Maybe it’s just to own the lens. Maybe it’s just that, historically, Democrats on the left have talked more about education than Republicans have, even though to me, it was always something we both cared about. Whether or not I agreed with George Bush’s No Child Left Behind plan, at least he walked into the Capitol with a plan to improve education. But maybe it’s just that Democrats on the left have historically talked more about education. And if you believe, as Donald Trump does, that all politics is zero-sum—anything Democrats are for must, by definition, be bad for America—and Democrats seem to like college and really support our schools, then we have to destroy our colleges and public education. Because if the left is for it, it must be evil. Maybe that’s the reason they’re doing it.
But that’s the question I pose to you, because it has nothing to do with our economy or getting the federal government out of managing schools and colleges. There’s another agenda here, and it doesn’t seem to square with anything the American people have been asking for. Senator Booker, I want to answer you. I guess I’d drive myself mad trying to understand what Trump’s ambitions are or the ambitions behind some of the crazy stuff in Project 2025 that he said wasn’t his—they tried to run away from it because it was so unpopular, and now so much of it is being done. It almost sounds too partisan, too insane. What I want to do, Senator Murphy, in answer to your question, is try to be as fair and factual as possible in describing what’s happening in our country and appeal to the moderates—people who are fair arbiters of what’s going on—and try to convince them that this is a a crisis.
When university after university is cutting scientific research, stopping the recruitment of the best minds—PhD candidates, postdocs—when they’re telling you they’re halting investments in state-of-the-art research buildings, when they’re shutting down programs to bring in the youngest, brightest minds, and our competitors like China are doing the exact opposite, pouring money in because China understands that if they get two steps ahead of America in quantum computing, they can break all kinds of encryption and locate every submarine they have. China understands that if they get two steps ahead in artificial intelligence, it’s an endgame for them. This is a global competition. If you’re a moderate in America and just want America to win in human endeavor, look at what the president is doing 71 days in. Here’s to you, Senator Murphy—you were driving at this. It’s Orwellian. The bastions of freedom, as an article from Frederick put it, are universities, aren’t they?
即使是大學,他也認為它們太「覺醒」(woke)了,存在過多的極端行為,但解決這個問題的解藥不是試圖壓制左派的思想,而是創造一個公平且更具競爭力的思想市場,讓來自各個政治光譜(political spectrum)的想法都能競爭。但這不是關於政治,而是關於科學(science)、研究(research),關於削減美國國家衛生研究院(NIH)的資金、科學資金。我想聚焦在這一點,因為這是爭議的核心,對吧?就像我們需要針對多元化、公平與包容性(DEI)計畫一樣。我一直聽到這樣的聲音。這就像五年前人們問我共和黨人在談論批判種族理論(critical race theory)時我感到的困惑。我父親說我有比七月更多的學位,但我並不覺得自己很聰明,我得回去研究一下,什麼是批判種族理論?
牛津(Oxford)、斯坦福(Stanford)、耶魯(Yale)的畢業生,我不確定他們在說什麼。這就是問題所在,因為我不想只談顯而易見的事情,這些事情應該激怒兩黨(both sides of the aisle)的人,不僅僅是因為中國(China)在競爭中超過我們而觸及兩黨,而是因為我們以兩黨合作的方式分配了這筆資金,而他現在試圖撤回,這應該被視為違反憲法第一條(Article One of the Constitution)的行為。但我想聚焦在你提到的這個更具爭議性的領域,這已經導致全國各地禁書(banning books)。我聽說托尼·莫里森(Toni Morrison)的《藍眼睛》(The Bluest Eye)被從圖書館撤下,當我聽到我最愛的作家詹姆斯·鮑德溫(James Baldwin)的書也被從圖書館拿走時,
我們生活在什麼樣的世界?我們在研究他們所謂的黑人歷史(black history),這是我們必須做的事情,但特朗普卻覺得這是在號召人們阻止。教育部(Department of Education)的人甚至不敢直視你的眼睛說:「是的,我們需要研究黑人歷史。」這讓我很不安,因為黑人歷史就是美國歷史(American history)。我有一個很聰明的朋友,真的很出色,他帶著尷尬的表情看著我,告訴我他那年才知道俄克拉荷馬州塔爾薩(Tulsa, Oklahoma)的轟炸事件。我曾與蘭克福德參議員(Senator Lankford)合作,試圖做更多紀念這件事的工作,但他從來不知道。這是一個繁榮的非裔美國人金融社群(African American financial community),是美國第一次有記錄的空中轟炸,不是珍珠港(Pearl Harbor)。在美國,他從未被教過這件事。
那是黑人歷史還是美國歷史?為什麼這些攻擊我們歷史的人覺得他們必須淨化(sanitize)、同質化(homogenize)美國歷史,像迪士尼(Disney)一樣美化它,才能讓我們感到驕傲?我認為,當我們說出真相(tell the truth),從苦難(wretchedness)、困難(difficulties)、偏見(bigotries)、仇恨(hates)和那些挑撥我們對立的煽動者(demagogues)中學習,並了解我們是如何克服這些時,我更為我們的國家感到驕傲。那才是我們的偉大(greatness)。在最壓迫的時代,女性或黑人發明家的天才仍然得以展現,改變了人文領域(humanities)。這些故事應該讓每個美國人更驕傲。所以,當你現在有一個總統讓人們篩查那些他們甚至不清楚的計畫,只要裡面有「多元化」(diversity)這個詞,就認為那是壞事,這是瘋狂的(insanity)。我媽媽在IBM工作,那時他們還沒用像DEI這樣的詞。她的一項工作是找到更多高素質的申請者(highly qualified applicants)。你知道她做了什麼嗎?這正是被特朗普政府阻止的事情。她確保他們去歷史上黑人大學(HBCUs)尋找最聰明的學生,讓申請者群體(applicant pool)更優秀。這不是給某個群體優待(preferential treatment),而是試圖創造一個更有競爭力的環境,讓我們得到最優秀的人才。這是基於功績(merit-based)。這位總統談論功績,但我看到參議員懷特豪斯(Senator Whitehouse)問美國環保署(EPA)的一位頂尖律師,他是否曾經提起過訴訟、舉行過聽證會、做過證詞,他說:「沒有,沒有,沒有。」他說:「等等,什麼?」
Even with universities, he’s said they’ve gotten too woke and have too many excesses, but the antidote to that isn’t to shut down the thought of the left—it’s to create a fair, more competitive marketplace for ideas from all across the political spectrum. But this isn’t about politics. It’s about science, it’s about research. It’s about cutting NIH funding, science funding. But I want to stick with that because that’s the controversial nub, right? Like we need to go after DEI programs. I’m hearing it all the time. It’s like the confusion I had five years ago when people were asking me about Republicans talking about critical race theory. My father says I’ve got more degrees than the month of July, but I’m not hot—I had to go back and research. What is critical race theory?
An Oxford, Stanford, Yale graduate, I wasn’t sure what they were talking about. And this is the rub on that because I don’t want to just talk about what’s obvious, which should enrage people on both sides of the aisle—not just reach people on both sides because of China outcompeting us, but because we allocated this money in a bipartisan way that he’s now trying to pull back, which should raise a violation of Article One of the Constitution. But I want to stick with this more controversial era you talked about, which has led to banning books across the country. I heard Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye was being taken out of libraries. When I heard my favorite author, James Baldwin, was being taken out of libraries,
What kind of world do we live in? We’re somehow studying what they call black history as something we have to do, but Trump feels like it’s rallying people to stop. The Department of Education can’t even look you in the eye and say, “Yes, we need to study black history.” Well, I get upset with that because black history is American history. I had a brilliant friend of mine—brilliant—look at me with deadpan embarrassment and tell me he just found out that year about the bombing in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Something I worked with Senator Lankford to do more to memorialize, but he just never knew about it. This thriving African American financial community was the first recorded aerial bombing—not Pearl Harbor—in the United States of America, and he was never taught it.
Is that black history or is that American history? Why do these people who attack our history think they have to sanitize, homogenize, Disney-fy American history to make us proud? I am more proud of our country when we tell the truth about what happened, when we learn from the wretchedness and the difficulties and the bigotries and the hates and the demagogues who pit us against each other, and how we all overcame. That’s our greatness. How the genius of inventors—women or Black people—in the most oppressive of times still manifested their genius and transformed the humanities. These are stories that should make every American more proud. So yeah, when you have a president now making people scrape through programs they don’t even know what they’re doing, but if they have the word “diversity” in it, that’s bad—that’s insanity. My mom worked for IBM before they used words like DEI. One of her jobs was to find a bigger pool of highly qualified applicants. And you know what she did—what’s being stopped by the Trump administration? She made sure they went to HBCUs to find the brightest students so their applicant pool would be better. This isn’t about preferential treatment for one group over another. It’s about trying to create a more competitive pool where we get the best of the best. It’s merit-based. And this president talks about merit, and I watched Senator Whitehouse ask one of the top lawyers at the EPA if he’d ever brought a case, had a hearing, or done a deposition. “No, no, no,” he said. “Wait a minute.”
你怎麼有資格勝任這份工作?這就是我觀察到的邏輯衝突(conflict in the logic)。從某種意義上說,他們在推崇富裕的精英(wealthy elites)。我從未想像過我會看到一場總統就職典禮(presidential inauguration),在那裡,億萬富翁(billionaires)、科技公司(tech companies)的領袖會坐在內閣成員(cabinet members)前面,而這些內閣成員中有許多本身就是億萬富翁。但這種精英主義(elitism)卻有一個矛盾點,他們稱大學裡的學術卓越(academic excellence)、科學上的傑出成就(brilliance and achievement in the sciences)為精英,而這些正是我們需要打擊的目標。如果我們開始針對我們的學術機構(educational institutions),削弱它們推動人類努力(human endeavour)卓越的能力,我們就是在傷害自己。我們有歷史上的例子作為教訓。像在文化大革命(Cultural Revolution)中,第一批被針對的就是大學。但現在他們正在扭轉這一趨勢。他們看到了我們做得如此出色的地方,於是加倍投入大學的資金(doubling down on their funding of universities)。他們帶走最好的科學家,沒收他們的護照(taking away their passports),因為他們不想讓這些人來這裡學習。他們試圖在人工智慧(AI)、量子計算(quantum computing)、機器人技術(robotics)、生物醫學工程(biomedical engineering)等領域超越我們。他們知道實現這一目標的方式,就是重現美國在60年代、70年代、80年代、90年代、2000年代所做的事情,看看他們現在的成就,看看德國(Germany)現在的情況。我將讓出發言權,但仍保留我的發言權(retaining the floor)。我認同這位先生、我朋友的觀點,對吧?我今晚試圖探究的是「為什麼」(the why),因為這是個顯而易見的問題。表面上看,這說不通(It doesn’t make sense)。這種在社會保障(Social Security)、醫療保險(Medicare)、高等教育(higher education)中的故意混亂(intentional chaos),這不是為了效率(efficiency),也不是為了就業(jobs)。那麼,這到底是為了什麼?
但你的觀點很好,這可能並不是許多不關心政治的美國人(apolitical Americans)正在討論的話題。他們可能只是從表面上看,問道:「這對我有什麼影響?」(How does it impact me?)
How are you qualified for this job? That’s the conflict in the logic I’m observing. In one sense, they’re exalting the wealthy elites. I never imagined I’d see a presidential inauguration where billionaires, leaders of tech companies, would sit in front of cabinet members, many of whom were billionaires themselves. But that kind of elitism has a contradiction—they call academic excellence, brilliance, and achievement in the sciences at these universities “elites” that we need to go after. If we start targeting our educational institutions and weakening their ability to advance excellence in human endeavour, we’re injuring ourselves. We have models for that as warnings. In the Cultural Revolution, one of the first groups they went after was the universities. But now they’re reversing that. They watched what we did so well and are doubling down on their funding of universities. They’re taking their best scientists and taking away their passports because they don’t want them coming here to study. They’re trying to get ahead of us in AI, in quantum computing, in robotics, in biomedical engineering—in all these things. They know the way to do it is to replicate what America did in the ‘60s, ‘70s, ‘80s, ‘90s, and 2000s. Look at them now—look at Germany now. I will yield without losing my place while still retaining the floor. I take the gentleman’s point, my friend’s point, right? I’m probing tonight for the “why,” because it’s the obvious question. It doesn’t make sense on its face. This intentional chaos in Social Security, Medicare, and higher education—it’s not about efficiency. It’s not about jobs. So what is it about?
But your point is a good one—that may not actually be the conversation a lot of apolitical Americans are asking. They might just be looking at this on the face of it and saying, “How does it impact me?”
對我來說,為什麼會發生這種事並不重要。重要的是它將如何影響我。毫無疑問,這種對高等教育的攻擊確實有影響。正如你說得比我好,我們正處在一場競賽中(in a race),是的,我們正在競賽。我們卻決定從跑步放慢到走路(slow down to a walk),這真是可惜,因為我們很快(we’re fast),這個國家很快(this country is quick)。我們的教練(Coach)卻告訴我們開始走路,而其他競爭者卻加速了(speed up)。這就是為什麼我們有緊迫感(urgency),因為這場比賽——這場秋天的比賽(this one’s autumn)——也許是一場馬拉松(marathon),但如果另一隊領先太多(gets too big a lead),要追上就很難了(hard to catch up)。所以在接下來的三年半裡,如果我們在支持知識經濟(knowledge economy)上停滯不前(stand down),我們將失去數百萬個工作機會(shed millions of jobs)。一旦那些卓越的研究中心(centers of excellence, research excellence)移到美國以外,就不是下一任總統回來就能修復的(fix it),這將成為我們的永久負擔(permanent liability)。所以,布克參議員(Senator Booker),我之所以和你一起站在這裡發言,是因為我同意你的看法,這不正常(not normal),但我也同意我們需要趕快喚醒我們的同事(awake our colleagues up fast)。就在幾秒鐘前,我還以為我們都同意需要支持知識經濟的事實。就在幾秒鐘前,我們共和黨人和民主黨人一起舉手(raising hands together),終於開始投入大筆新資金(big new dollars)。幾年前我們增加了20億美元($2 billion increase),我想,這是一項重大的兩黨成就(bipartisan achievement)。但突然間,只因為唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump)入主白宮(White House),我們失去了支持知識經濟的兩黨共識(bipartisan consensus)。這就回到了你的問題。我知道你想在下一話題之前提出你最後一個問題,那與移民(immigration)有關。地球上最聰明的頭腦(brightest minds)來到這裡,現在卻害怕來這裡(terrified to come here)。但我們稍後會談到這一點。我提出了我的觀點,你也提出了你的觀點。我只是想對你說些什麼,因為你提到過去四年我們有些共識(consensus)時觸動了我(triggered)。我喜歡你說「就在昨天」(just yesterday)。我記得《晶片與科學法案》(Chips and Science Act),那是一項兩黨法案(bipartisan bill)。我坐在會議室(skiff)裡和大家一起,看著我們整個國家安全機構(national security apparatus)談論為什麼在晶片製造(chip making)和晶片突破(breakthroughs)上的科學努力對我們的國家安全至關重要(essential for our national security),以及我們如何必須在競爭中保持領先(stay ahead of the competition)。我們以兩黨合作的方式走出了那場會議。我們在這裡關於人工智慧(AI)的兩黨工作中也看到了這一點,談論美國如何必須在這一領域領先(lead in this area)。帶著所有這些兩黨活力(bipartisan vigor),我們卻讓一位總統在71天內停止科學研究(halt scientific research),暫停實驗(pausing experiments in their tracks),讓研究人員停滯(researchers in their tracks),動搖大學的核心(shaking universities to the core)。他們害怕自由表達(free expression),因為站在「親愛的領袖」(dear leader)的一邊可能會讓他們失去科學資金(science funding)。你正一針見血(putting your finger on it)。但我能從個人層面說些什麼嗎?我想提醒大家,我們即將結束這第十個小時(close it on the 10th hour)。你和我一起在這裡待了15小時,你在這裡是因為你同意我。你同意,從科學與研究、高等教育到教育部(Department of Education)、社會保障(Social Security)、美國醫療保健(health care in America),我們正處於危機之中(at a crisis)。任何一項單獨拿出來都應該讓美國人震驚。但我們提出的案例涵蓋了所有這些,從左派到右派都有人參與。我們引用了共和黨州長(republican governors)、共和黨市長組織(republican mayor organizations)、商界人士(business people)、《華爾街日報》(Wall Street Journal)和卡托研究所(Cato Institute)的觀點,這不是黨派之爭(not a partisan)。這是各界人士指出的危機(crisis that people across the spectrum are pointing to)。但我想說,你一直是我的好朋友,幾乎在這裡站了10個小時,今晚對我意義重大(means a lot to me)。感謝你。現在我轉到醫療保健話題。我很感激你的情緒,以及你在脈衝槍擊事件(Pulse shooting)後的擔憂。當我聽你第一次在參議院發表的演說(maiden speech)時,你擔心我們會讓槍支暴力(gun violence)正常化(normalize)。我也有同樣的擔憂。我成長在一個消防演習(fire drills)是大事件的時代,那時人們因為核恐懼(nuclear fears)而躲避(ducking and covering)。在我離開學校之前,我們國家還沒有比消防演習更多的主動射擊訓練(active shooter drills)。我們正在某種程度上讓這種恐懼正常化(normalizing this terror),卻沒有真正站出來應對挑戰(stepped up to the challenge)。但這是其中一個危機,如果我們像往常一樣行事(business as usual),特朗普政府至今71天,到100天時,醫療補助(Medicaid)和醫療保健可能發生災難性的事情(catastrophic things)。科學研究的崩潰(crashing of research for science),對老年人依賴的計畫的攻擊(attacks on the programs senior citizens rely on),作為一個國家,我們必須像我10小時前說的那樣,接受約翰·劉易斯(John Lewis)的挑戰:站起來(stand up)、說出來(speak up)、惹上必要的麻煩(get into good trouble, necessary trouble)。今晚,我的朋友,在凌晨時分(wee hours),有許多關於凌晨四點的歌曲(4:00 in the morning),那是沒人該醒著的時刻。我要感謝主持會議的官員(presiding officer)、書記員(clerks)、議會工作人員(parliamentary staff)。但美國公民呼籲他們的領袖做些不同的事情,站起來、大聲說出來。我覺得必須這樣做(This has to be done)。讓我們繼續下去吧。將近10個小時,我很感恩,但我們要開始下一部分了。我試圖在所有這些中提升那些無法來到這裡的聲音(voices that don’t get to come to this place)。我聽到的聲音,有些自稱是共和黨退伍軍人(republican veteran)、民主黨人(democrat),但大多數只是說「這不正常」(this is not normal)。許多人說「做點什麼」(do something),有些人很激動地問:「我能做什麼?(What can I do?)」我經常被問到這個問題。他們說:「告訴我能做什麼來阻止這一切。」我們將討論移民問題。這裡有一封手寫便條,我不確定這個人來自哪裡,我的工作人員遮住了部分內容,可能是為了保護身份。但這來自新澤西(New Jersey)。感謝。布克參議員,請繼續為正義而戰,反對當前政府的不公。我是新布朗斯維克(New Brunswick)以馬內利路德教會(Emmanuel Lutheran Church)的牧師,作為信仰領袖(faith leader)和你的選民(constituent),我深感擔憂這屆政府對LGBTQ群體和移民的待遇(treatment of LGBTQ people and immigrants)。對這些群體的妖魔化(demonization)和邊緣化(marginalization)是不符合基督教精神的(un-Christian),深深冒犯了我信仰的價值觀(offensive to the values of my faith)。我請求你繼續反對所有針對這些群體的行政命令(executive orders)和立法(legislation)。你一直是堅定的盟友(consistent ally)。請繼續為所有人、特別是最脆弱群體(most vulnerable)爭取正義(champion for justice)。另一個人,昨天晚些時候,特朗普政府的法庭文件顯示,他們錯誤地將一名具有受保護法律地位(protected legal status)的馬里蘭(Maryland)父親驅逐到薩爾瓦多(El Salvador)的一個可怕監獄(horrific prison)。阿布雷戈·加西亞(Abrego Garcia)與美國公民結婚(married to a U.S. citizen),有一個5歲的殘疾兒童(disabled child),也是美國公民(U.S. citizen)。他在美國沒有犯罪記錄(no criminal record)。儘管他獲得了名為「暫緩遣返」(withholding of removal)的法律地位,美國移民法官(U.S. immigration judge)認為他如果被驅逐到薩爾瓦多很可能面臨迫害(face persecution),特朗普政府還是將他驅逐到他逃離幫派暴力(gang violence)的國家。以下是《大西洋月刊》(The Atlantic)關於他的報導。特朗普政府在周一的法庭文件中承認,他們錯誤地抓了一名具有受保護法律地位的馬里蘭父親,並將他誤驅逐到薩爾瓦多,但表示美國法院缺乏管轄權(lacked jurisdiction)命令他從現在關押他的巨型監獄(mega prison)返回。這似乎是特朗普政府首次承認錯誤,3月15日,他們將三架滿載薩爾瓦多人和委內瑞拉被驅逐者的飛機送往薩爾瓦多的恐怖拘禁中心(grim terrorism confinement center)。幾名委內瑞拉被驅逐者的律師說,特朗普政府因他們的紋身(tattoos)錯誤地將客戶標記為幫派成員(gang members)。但在周一的法庭文件中,政府律師承認,薩爾瓦多人基爾馬·阿布雷戈·加西亞(Kilmar Abrego Garcia)是意外被驅逐的(deported accidentally),儘管移民與海關執法局(ICE)知道他有免於被遣返薩爾瓦多的保護(protection from removal)。由於行政錯誤(administrative error),加西亞被遣送到薩爾瓦多。政府告訴法院,特朗普的律師說,法院現在無權把他帶回,因為加西亞在薩爾瓦多被拘留(in custody)。加西亞的律師西蒙·桑多瓦爾-莫申伯格(Simon Sandoval-Moshenberg)說,他從未見過政府明知故犯地驅逐一個已從移民法官獲得保護性法律地位的人。他要求法院命令特朗普政府要求加西亞返回,並在必要時扣留對薩爾瓦多政府的付款,該政府稱每年向美國收取600萬美元($6 million a year)用於監禁美國被驅逐者(U.S. deportees)。特朗普政府以多個理由要求法院駁回這一請求,包括特朗普在外交事務中的首要地位(primacy in foreign affairs)。我現在不會停下來,但我要請任何讀過憲法(Constitution)的人明白,美國總統不是國王(king)。他在外交事務中並沒有首要地位。我繼續引用文章,聲稱法院無權命令任何救濟(relief)。桑多瓦爾-莫申伯格告訴我,如果這是真的,移民法(immigration laws)就毫無意義。因為政府可以隨時隨地為所欲為,法院在事情完成後無能為力。法庭文件顯示,2011年,16歲的阿布雷戈·加西亞為了逃離薩爾瓦多的幫派威脅來到美國。2019年,他從美國移民法官獲得了「暫緩遣返」的保護性法律地位,法官認為他若被遣返很可能被針對(targeted)。加西亞與美國公民結婚,有一個5歲的殘疾孩子,也是美國公民,據他的律師說,他在美國沒有犯罪記錄。特朗普政府並未聲稱他有犯罪記錄,但稱他是社區的危險(danger to the community),說他是MS-13(Salvadoran gang)的活躍成員,特朗普已將該團伙定為外國恐怖組織(foreign terrorist organization)。桑多瓦爾-莫申伯格說,這些指控是假的(false),幫派標籤源於2019年的一起事件,當時加西亞和其他三人在馬里蘭喬治王子縣(Prince George’s County)的家得寶(Home Depot)停車場被警探拘留(detained)。審訊中,一人告訴警方加西亞是幫派成員,但未提供證據,警方說他們不相信這說法,文件中未將他標記為幫派成員。加西亞未被指控犯罪,但被移交給移民與海關執法局(ICE)以面臨驅逐。在這些程序中,政府聲稱一名可靠線人(reliable informant)指認他是MS-13的高級成員。加西亞和家人聘請律師,反對政府的驅逐企圖,六個月後他獲得了「暫緩遣返」保護身份。這不是通往永久居留的途徑(path to permanent U.S. residency),但意味著政府不會將他遣返,因為他在那裡很可能受到傷害(face harm)。據律師說,加西亞自釋放後未與任何執法機關接觸,他是全職工會金屬學徒(union sheet metal apprentice),每年按要求向ICE報到(check in annually),並照顧他患有自閉症(autism)和聽力缺陷(hearing defect)、無法言語溝通(communicate verbally)的5歲兒子。3月12日,加西亞下班後從祖母家接回兒子,ICE官員攔下車輛,稱他的保護地位已改變(protective status had changed)。官員等待他妻子到場照顧孩子,然後將他銬走。兩天內,他被轉移到德州的ICE中轉設施(staging facility)與其他被拘留者一起。政府準備將他送往薩爾瓦多,特朗普援引了1798年的《外敵法案》(Alien Enemies Act),計劃驅逐兩架滿載委內瑞拉人和一群薩爾瓦多人的飛機。自從他被送往薩爾瓦多名為Cecot的大型監獄(mega prison)後,家人與他失去聯繫。他妻子在薩爾瓦多總統發布的新聞照片中認出他,在美國地方法官要求特朗普政府停止航班後,3月16日早上,她認出了丈夫的手臂紋身(decorative arm tattoo)和疤痕(scars)。法庭文件顯示,照片顯示薩爾瓦多衛兵戴著黑色滑雪面罩(black ski masks),押著他進入監獄,頭被壓低(head down)推向地面。這座Cecot監獄是國土安全部(Department of Homeland Security)官員克里斯蒂娜(Christina)上週參觀的地方,她站在擠滿沉默被拘留者的牢房前錄製社群媒體影片。政府若想驅逐有保護地位的人,標準程序是重啟案件(reopen the case),提出新證據(new evidence)主張驅逐。驅逐保護身份持有者甚至讓一些政府律師震驚,我聯繫了追踪此案的人,他們因未獲授權與媒體交談而拒絕透露姓名。其中一人發訊息給我說:「這太離譜了(expletive)。」桑多瓦爾-莫申伯格告訴法院,他認為特朗普官員通過法外手段(extrajudicial means)處理他的客戶,因為走移民法官程序太慢(took too long),他們擔心可能贏不了(may not win)。ICE和國土安全部未回應置評請求。周一的法庭文件顯示,官員知道加西亞有免於遣返的法律保護。ICE在他被驅逐時已知這一點(aware of this grant withholding the removal),內部表格提及他的狀態(status on informed internal forms)。加西亞不在最初的驅逐名單上(initial manifest),而是作為「候補」(alternate)。政府律師解釋,因其他被拘留者被移除,他「上升名單」(moved up the list)。飛行名單未標示他不應被驅逐,這是行政錯誤(administrative error)。政府承認這是疏忽(oversight),但仍告訴法院,加西亞的驅逐是出於「善意」(good faith)。我現在進入這部分,將引用保守派和自由派最高法院法官(Supreme Court justices)的話,他們認為這在美國是令人髮指的(outrageous)。憲法中有幾部分談到正當程序(due process)和基本美國理念(fundamental American ideals)。這個故事和其他我聽到的案例——有權留下的美國人,有美國配偶和孩子,會因此受創傷。這案例中,一個殘疾兒童的父親努力照顧美國母親的孩子。我們被告知總統專注於罪犯,但這些捏造的指控(trumped-up charges),他們在法庭承認是錯誤(made a mistake),卻在社群媒體上嘲弄法官(mocking things to judges),這種殘酷(cruelty)不是我們的樣子(not who we are)。讓我們先談憲法。第五修正案和第十四修正案(5th and 14th Amendments)規定,任何人不得在未經正當法律程序(due process of law)下被剝奪生命、自由或財產(deprived of life, liberty, or property)。這些話的核心承諾是,所有層級的美國政府必須依法運作並遵守憲法(operate within the law and the bonds of this Constitution),這是這個議事廳裡每個人宣誓維護的(swears an oath to uphold)。每天,我們的總統似乎都在挑戰憲法原則(challenging constitutional principles),突破憲法界限(pushing past constitutional boundaries)。每天我們聽到新的移民故事,有些合法在這裡,有些等待審判,大多數未被指控犯罪,卻被圍捕(rounded up)、拘留(detained)、逮捕(arrested)、驅逐(deported),往往就這樣消失(disappeared)。這是在沒有指控(charges)、證據(evidence)、審判(trials)、聽證會(hearings)的情況下發生的,違反了憲法說的正當程序。這是其他政府做過的事,我們在外交關係委員會(Foreign Relations Committee)上談過。我們向全球國家抱怨,當它們不展示正當程序、讓人消失時(disappear people)。也許你是從未犯法的移民,或是公民。即使你認為政府的移民議程不影響你,請知道,我們看到的魯莽行為(reckless behavior)正在侵蝕我們所有人的權利(erodes all of our rights)。想想那位美國母親和孩子,她丈夫被不公且非法驅逐,現在在薩爾瓦多監獄裡。否認正當程序是個滑坡(slippery slope)。我們在其他民主倒退(democratic backsliding)的國家見過。如果人能在無聽證、無正當程序、無法官的情況下被拘留和驅逐,什麼也阻止不了這滑向驅逐其他人,甚至誤傷美國人。我是認為移民系統急需改革(desperate need of reform)的人之一。上次更新是40年前(40 years ago),我們未能更新法律導致國家無法應對前所未有的全球移民(global migration),不僅影響我們,也影響其他國家。申請進入美國的激增對移民系統造成壓力(pressure and strain),減慢了數百萬人合法移民或入籍的處理時間(processing times),也難以吸引全球最聰明的人才來這裡為長期成功貢獻(contribute to our country’s long-term success)。對數百萬美國人來說,移民不是政治問題,而是個人問題(personal one)。我州和其他州的移民年復一年等待國會達成兩黨協議(bipartisan agreement),以大多數美國人同意的方式改善系統,無論你是左派還是右派。他們等待國會修復過時的移民法(outdated immigration laws),確保邊境安全(secure our borders),為美國公民及移民服務局(USCIS)投入資源解決過長的處理時間(outrageously long processing times),並為遵守法律、貢獻社會的長期居民提供合法地位途徑(pathway to legal status),有些人只認識這個國家,因為他們幾個月大時就來了。我們的移民法太過時,甚至保守的卡托研究所在2023年發布分析《為什麼合法移民幾乎不可能》(Why Legal Immigration Is Nearly Impossible),稱:「如今不到1%想永久移居美國的人能合法做到。合法移民不像排隊,更像中彩票。這種事偶爾發生,但太罕見,個案中期待它是不理性的。」這限制性系統將一些移民推回非法移民黑市(black market of illegal immigration),推向其他國家提升生活品質,或讓他們留在 homeland 失業或危險中(underemployed, sometimes in danger)。這系統懲罰移民和想與他們合作、交易的美國人。國會和政府能做得更好。我與保守派、商業團體、農業領袖會面,他們談到改善移民系統、保護邊境、提升經濟、科學研究、生活品質的常識做法。修復破碎移民系統的唯一方法是國會通過全面改革(comprehensive immigration reform)。但我們需要強有力的領袖站出來,面對這個複雜問題,團結國會做困難的事。上次我們有進展時,特朗普積極阻撓兩黨立法(blocked bipartisan legislation)。現在他的政策不只是針對罪犯,還牽連許多人。他阻止參議院去年談判的兩黨法案投票,阻礙我們更大的修復(larger fixes)。他的移民計畫沒幫到提交申請的美國公民,讓配偶或未婚夫團聚,也沒幫等待多年的公民團聚家人(uniting families)。美國人不因漫長等待而得到緩解(relief)。USCIS網站顯示,I-129未婚夫簽證(fiance visa)80%案件處理時間為8個月至3年;I-130公民為配偶、父母或未成年子女申請的等待時間為17至64個月(year and a half to over five years);I-90綠卡遺失更換需17個月(almost a year and a half)。這些數字令人震驚,還不算領事館簽證預約等待時間,如印度平均超400天(well over 400 days)。新澤西數千選民很憤怒,等待太久。但特朗普將移民系統資源轉向史上最大規模驅逐(largest mass deportation),美國公民付出代價(paying the price)。這不僅影響處理時間,還轉移執法資源(law enforcement resources)遠離解決犯罪(solving crimes)和反恐(stopping terrorism),讓我們更不安全(less safe)。這些政策侵蝕憲法原則(eroding constitutional principles)。這計畫讓美國人習慣正當程序中止(suspension of due process),先從移民開始,若正當程序為移民侵蝕,也會侵蝕美國人。我來說明這如何發生,為何是危機。兩週前,特朗普援引1798年《外敵法案》(Alien Enemies Act),允許總統拘留或驅逐敵國公民(enemy nation),無需聽證、無正當程序,即使他們合法在美國。上次使用是在二戰拘留日裔、德裔、意裔(internment of Japanese, German, and Italian nationals),但當時仍有正當程序,他們可在聽證會上證明無敵對聯繫(no ties to Axis powers)。一位巡迴法院法官說,特朗普使用此法無規範(no regulations),被拘留者未被告知去向(where they were going),周六被送上飛機,無機會挑戰驅逐(challenge their removal)。1940年的標準高於現在。特朗普針對無罪名、無聽證、無證據的人,將他們送往薩爾瓦多侵犯人權的監獄(prison rife with human rights abuses):合法尋求庇護的紋身師(tattoo artist)、有蜂鳥紋身的流行音樂家(pop musician)、24歲為殘疾兒童教游泳者(taught swim classes),有自閉症覺醒絲帶紋身(autism awareness ribbon);逃離委內瑞拉暴力的LGBTQ藝術工作者(worked in the arts),無犯罪記錄;理髮師(barber)和職業足球員(professional soccer player),有足球和念珠紋身(soccer ball and a rosary)。他們因是委內瑞拉人且有無害紋身(benign tattoos)被送往惡名昭著的監獄。一小時期刊報導了家人的痛苦(anguish from families)。摘錄如下:《你因紋身在此:特朗普政府將委內瑞拉人送往薩爾瓦多最臭名昭著的監獄,家人尋求答案》。3月14日,33歲委內瑞拉人托羅·蘇亞雷斯(Toro Suarez)從德州拘留中心致電妻子娜塔莉·桑切斯(Natalie Sanchez),說驅逐航班延誤,但很快回家。他未回委內瑞拉。去年12月桑切斯生下女兒,他終於能見3個月大的孩子。但她自那後未聽到消息,卻在薩爾瓦多政府照片中認出丈夫,經特朗普送往恐怖拘禁中心(terrorism confinement center, Cecot)。她從紋身、耳朵、下巴疤痕認出他(tattoo, ear, scar on his chin)。宣傳影片顯示他被剃頭、戴鐐銬(shackled in prison uniforms)。他紋身是蜂鳥(hummingbird),象徵和諧與正能量(harmony and good energy),還有棕櫚樹(palm tree)和對亡母的紀念(homage to his late mother),皆無害。他因此被美國政府「消失」(disappeared)到薩爾瓦多巨型監獄(mega prison)。我們必須保持國家安全(keep our country safe)。暴力罪犯(violent criminals)、有長犯罪記錄者(long criminal records),非公民,我認為每個美國人都同意應驅逐(deported)。移民犯罪率低(lower rate breaking laws),但若犯法,我也同意。但從未犯法的移民、入籍公民(naturalized citizen)、本土出生者(born here),若無正當程序讓人消失(disappearing people),一旦這基礎建立(foundation is laid),若他們能用1798年的法律免除正當程序(lack of due process),我們就走上了一條路,連最高法院保守派法官都認為不可接受(unjustifiable)。否認正當程序開啟更多例外(more exceptions)。你不能否認他人基本權利而不危及自己(endanger them for yourself)。若特朗普成功,我們創建了一個系統,可隨意指控某人來自某國或屬於幫派(claim that they’re part of a gang),無正當程序、無審查(vetting)、無獨立仲裁者(independent arbiter),你就消失了。無正當程序意味著我們違背了建國時的理念:任何人不得被剝奪生命、自由或財產(no one shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property),無正當程序。一旦打破這點,我們就走上一條路。安東·斯卡利亞(Antonin Scalia),我承認在許多事上不同意他。但這位保守派法官曾與魯斯·巴德·金斯堡(Ruth Bader Ginsburg)接受採訪,他們關係特別(special),顯示不同觀點的人也能建立人性連結(real human connection)。採訪者問無證者是否享有五大自由(five freedoms):宗教、言論、出版、集會、請願政府。斯卡利亞說:「我想是的(I think so)。在美國的人受憲法保護(protections under the U.S. Constitution)。美國人在國外有此保護,國外他人則無。」金斯堡同意,說第十四修正案不只提公民(citizens),而是「人」(persons),包括在美國的每個人,不論有無證件(documented or undocumented)。憲法表面清晰(clear on the face)。若你是原旨主義者(originalist)如斯卡利亞,讀憲法文字,必須支持無人應被否認正當程序。政府不能隨意抓人、送上飛機、送往惡名昭著的監獄,然後說「露西(Lucy)?」(as one of our authority did)。
好好想想吧。這種事發生在一個美國孩子的父親身上。好好想想吧。這種事發生在一個美國女人的丈夫身上。好好想想吧,這種事發生在一個法官已經裁定有權留下的人身上。當某些人的權利被侵犯時(When the rights of some are violated),它們就成了對我們所有人權利的威脅(threat to the rights of all of us)。今年一月,移民與海關執法局(ICE)特工在新澤西(New Jersey)突襲了一家小企業(raided a small business),沒有搜查令(without a warrant),針對一位波多黎各退伍軍人(Puerto Rican military veteran)博里科(Borico),他是美國公民(American citizen),將他拘留(detained)。即使他向那些ICE特工出示了有效身份證(valid ID),這一切還是發生了。這只是眾多例子中的一個(one example of so many)。一些美國人已經被捲入特朗普的移民大網(Trump’s immigration dragnet),未來還會有更多。妮可·福伊(Nicole Foy)的文章提到,特朗普總統上任大約一周後,喬納森·格雷羅(Jonathan Guerrero)坐在費城(Philadelphia)的一家洗車店(car wash),那是他的工作地點,突然移民特工衝了進來(burst in)。特工們沒有說明他們為什麼在那裡(didn’t say why they were there),也沒有展示徽章(didn’t show their badges)。無論誰回憶(whoever recalls),這個21歲的年輕人都沒機會解釋,雖然他的父母來自墨西哥(parents were from Mexico),但他出生在這個充滿兄弟之愛的城市(city of brotherly love)。一名特工用槍指著格雷羅(pointed his gun at Guerrero),給他戴上手銐(handcuffed him)。然後他們帶進了其他洗車工人,包括格雷羅無證的父親(undocumented father)。當特工開始檢查身份證(checking IDs)時,他們終於注意到格雷羅是公民(Guerrero was a citizen),迅速放了他(quickly let him go)。他說:「聽著,伙計,我不知道這些人是誰,他們在幹什麼(I don’t know who these guys are and what they’re doing)。任何與法律相關的事(anything law related),我只是保持沉默(stay quiet)。」在特朗普政府執政不到兩個月(less than 2 months into the Trump administration),像格雷羅這樣的案例報告越來越多(more and more reported cases),雖然數量不多但穩定增長(small but steady beat)。在猶他州(Utah),特工攔下並拘留了一名20歲的美國人,因為他騷擾了他們(haunted them);在新墨西哥州(New Mexico),一名穆斯庫拉阿帕奇民族(Muscular Apache Nation)的成員,在距離邊境兩小時多的地方被特工攔下盤問(stopped and questioned),要求出示護照(demanded to see their passports)。本月早些時候,一名弗吉尼亞州(Virginia)的特朗普選民(Trump voter)被持槍的移民特工攔下並戴上手銐(pulled over and handcuffed by gun-wielding immigration agent)。目前尚不清楚有多少公民遭遇了特朗普政府的這張大網(dragnet so far)。雖然之前的政府也曾錯誤地拘留過美國人(mistakenly held Americans),但這些事件的確切數字也沒有(no firm count)。政府不發布被移民當局拘留的公民數據(figures on citizens who have been held by immigration authorities),無論是海關與邊境保護局(Customs and Border Protection)還是負責內部移民執法的移民與海關執法局(Immigration and Customs Enforcement)都不提供。專家和倡導者說,他們清楚的是什麼?(Experts and advocates say, what is clear to them, though?)
是特朗普的激進移民政策(aggressive immigration policy),例如為執法人員設定的逮捕配額(arrest quotas),讓公民越來越可能被捲入移民掃蕩(immigration sweeps)嗎?引用一句話:「實際上,每個人都面臨自由被侵犯的危險,不僅僅是非公民或無證人士,在這種混亂中也是如此。」("It’s really everyone, not just non-citizens or undocumented people who are in danger of having their liberty violated in this kind of mess.")當被問及美國人被捲入政府執法政策的報導時,移民與海關執法局(ICE)的發言人在書面聲明中告訴媒體,特工有權要求公民出示身份證明(agents are allowed to ask for citizens’ identification),任何美國移民官員都有權在無搜查令(without warrant)的情況下,盤問任何外國人或被認為是外國人的人,關於其是否有權在美國停留或繼續停留(concerning his or her right to be or to remain in the United States)。該機構未回應具體案件的問題。在20世紀30年代和40年代,美國經歷過多次拘留甚至驅逐大量公民的事件,聯邦和地方當局強行流放(forcibly exiled)了大約100萬墨西哥裔美國人(Mexican Americans),包括數十萬在美國出生的孩子(American-born children)。這是我們的過去(That’s our past),大約100萬墨西哥裔美國人,包括數十萬美國出生的孩子被一網打盡並驅逐出境(swept up and deported)。美國政府問責局(U.S. Government Accountability Office, GAO)的報告發現,在特朗普第一個任期內,移民當局要求拘留大約600名可能是公民的人(likely citizens)。政府問責局還發現,特朗普實際上驅逐了大約70名可能是美國公民的人(likely American citizens)。GAO報告未深入個案,但針對聯邦移民機構的訴訟詳細描述了數十起案件,這些案件的原告獲得了和解(received a settlement)。如果沒有正當程序(due process),這種情況將加速(This will accelerate)。在第一屆政府中還有一些程序,但如果正當程序被取消,這將加速。我住在新澤西州紐瓦克(Newark, New Jersey),我的城市裡有數十種語言,有些來自不同族群的長者——從不說英語的歐洲人到亞洲人(from European folks who don’t speak English to folks from Asia)——想像其中一位美國人被攔下(gets stopped),身上沒帶證件(doesn’t have papers on them),特工看到一個紋身(see a tattoo),接下來他們被送往路易斯安那(Louisiana)或德克薩斯(Texas),再接下來他們就被送上飛機(on a flight)。這不是誇張(hyperbole),也不是不可能的事。我們知道,一旦這個國家對某些人取消正當程序,所有人都將面臨危險(all are in danger)。這是憲法上的失誤(constitutional slippage),斯卡利亞(Scalia)和相信憲法的保守派(conservatives who believe in the Constitution)會高尚地反對(nobly object to)。加拿大公民賈斯敏·穆迪(Jasmine Mooney)被ICE拘留了兩週。我看過她的採訪,這位白人女性(white woman)震驚不已(stunned)。以下是她寫的內容。她是加拿大人(Canadian):「沒有解釋,沒有警告(no explanation, no warning)。前一刻,我正在和一名移民官員談論我的工作簽證(work visa),這簽證幾個月前已獲批准(approved months before),允許我這個加拿大人(Canadian)在美國工作(work in the United States)。下一刻,我被要求把手靠在牆上(put my hands against the wall),像罪犯一樣被搜身(patted down like a criminal),然後被送往ICE拘留中心(ICE detention center),沒有機會與律師交談(without the chance to talk to a lawyer)。我在加拿大最北部育空地區(Yukon)的懷特霍斯(Whitehorse)長大,那是一個小鎮。我一直知道我想讓人生更有意義(do something bigger with my life)。我很早就離開家,搬到不列顛哥倫比亞省溫哥華(Vancouver, British Columbia),在那裡我建立了跨越多個行業的職業生涯(career spanning multiple industries):在影視中表演(acting in film and television)、擁有酒吧和餐廳(owning bars and restaurants)、翻新公寓(flipping condos)、管理Airbnb。在我30多歲時,我找到了真正的熱情——健康與養生行業(health and wellness industry)。我有機會幫助推出一個美國健康飲品品牌『聖水』(Holy Water),這份工作需要搬到美國。我獲得了我的貿易工作簽證(trade work visa),這允許加拿大和墨西哥公民在美國從事特定專業職業(specified pursuant professional occupations)。我第二次申請成功(got it on my second attempt)。不用說,我沒有犯罪記錄(no criminal record)。我也愛美國,認為自己是善良勤奮的人(kind hard-working person)。我開始在加州工作(working in California),多次往返加拿大和美國(travel back and forth between Canada and the U.S.),毫無問題,直到有一天。回到美國時,一名邊境官員(border officer)質疑我最初的簽證被拒(initial visa denial)和隨後的簽證批准(subsequent visa approval)。他問我為什麼第二次去聖地牙哥邊境(San Diego border)申請。我解釋說那是我的律師事務所所在地(where my lawyer’s offices were),他想陪我去確保沒問題(ensure there were no issues)。經過長時間審訊(long interrogation),那名官員說這看起來很『可疑』(shady),我的簽證沒有妥善處理(hadn’t been properly processed)。他說我不能為那家使用大麻(hemp)作為飲料成分的公司(company in the U.S. that made use of hemp)工作。他撤銷了我的簽證(revoked my visa),說我仍可從加拿大為公司工作(work for the company from Canada),但若想回美國,需重新申請(reapply)。我很崩潰(devastated)。我剛開始工作,剛在加州建立生活(building a life in California)。接下來幾個月我留在加州,最終被另一個健康養生品牌(health and wellness brand)提供了類似職位。我重新開始簽證流程(visa processes),回到聖地牙哥邊境的同一移民辦公室(immigration office in San Diego),因為他們之前處理過我的簽證,我很熟悉(familiar with it)。幾小時過去,對我的案件有許多困惑的看法(confused opinions)。我交談的那位官員很友善(kind),但告訴我,由於之前的問題(previous issues),我需向領事館申請簽證(apply for my visa to the consulate)。我說我不知道要這樣申請,但沒問題(no problem doing it)。然後她說了奇怪的話:『你沒做錯什麼(You didn’t do anything wrong)。你沒麻煩(You’re not in trouble)。你不是罪犯(You’re not a criminal)。』我想,為什麼她要這樣說?當然我不是罪犯。」
「她為什麼要說我不是罪犯?當然我不是罪犯(of course I’m not a criminal)。然後她告訴我,他們必須把我送回加拿大(send me back to Canada)。這沒讓我太擔心(That didn’t concern me)。我以為我會簡單訂一張回家的機票(book a flight home)。但當我坐著找航班時(searching for flights),一個男人走近我,說:『跟我來』(come with me)。沒有解釋,什麼都沒有(no explanation, no nothing)。他帶我到一個房間,拿走我手中的東西(took my belongings from my hands),命令我把手靠牆(ordered me to put my hands against the wall)。一名女子立刻開始搜身(patting me down)。命令一個接一個快速發出(commands came rapid-fire),太快無法處理(too fast to process)。他們拿走我的鞋子(took my shoes),抽掉鞋帶(pulled out my shoelaces)。『你在幹什麼?發生什麼事?』(What are you doing? What’s happening?)我問。『你被拘留了』(You are being detained)。『我不明白,這是什麼意思?要多久?』(I don’t understand, what does that mean? For how long?)『我不知道』(I don’t know)。接下來兩週,這幾乎是我每個問題的回答(response to nearly every question)。他們帶我下樓,進行一系列面談和醫療問題(series of interviews and medical questions)。他們搜查我的包(searched my bags),告訴我必須丟掉一半東西(get rid of half my belongings),因為我不能全帶走(couldn’t take everything with me)。『帶到哪裡?』(Take everything with me where?)我問。一名女子問我能聯繫誰的名字(name of someone they could contact on my behalf)。這種時刻你會發現,你其實不記得任何人的電話號碼(don’t actually know anyone’s phone number anymore)。奇蹟般地,我最近記住了我最好朋友布雷特(Brett)的號碼,因為我一直在用她的帳戶累積雜貨積分(putting my grocery points on her account)。我給了他們她的電話號碼。他們遞給我一張墊子(mat)和一張摺疊的鋁箔(folded-up sheet of aluminum foil)。『這是什麼?』(What’s this?)『你的毯子』(Your blanket)。『我不明白』(I don’t understand)。我被帶到一個小小的、冰冷的水泥牢房(tiny freezing cement cell),裡面有明亮的螢光燈(bright fluorescent lights)和一個馬桶(toilet)。還有五個女人躺在墊子上,裹著鋁箔(aluminum sheets),看起來像死屍(looking like dead bodies)。衛兵鎖上門(locked the door)。兩天裡,我們待在牢房,只短暫離開拿食物(leaving briefly for food)。燈從沒關過(lights never turned off)。我們不知道時間(never knew what time it was),沒人回答我們的問題(no one answered our questions)。牢房裡沒人說英語(no one spoke English)。我要麼試著睡覺,要麼冥想(meditate),避免崩潰(keep from having a breakdown)。我不信任食物(didn’t trust the food),就禁食(fasted),以為不會待太久。第三天,我終於能打電話(allowed to make a phone call)。我打給布雷特,告訴她我不明白發生什麼(didn’t understand what was happening),沒人告訴我何時能回家(when I was going home),她是我唯一的聯繫人(only contact)。他們給我一堆文件簽字(stack of paperwork to sign),說我被禁入境五年(five-year ban),除非通過領事館申請重入(applied for reentry through the consulate)。那位官員說簽不簽無所謂(didn’t matter whether I signed),無論如何都會發生(happening regardless)。我當時神志不清(delirious),就簽了(just signed)。我說我會付機票錢(pay for my flight home),問何時能走,沒回答(no answer)。然後他們把我轉到另一個牢房,這次沒有墊子或毯子(no mats or blanket)。我在冰冷的水泥地板上坐了幾小時(freezing on the cement floor)。那時我才意識到,他們在把我送進真正的監獄(real jail)——奧塔納薩拘留中心(Otay Mesa Detention Center)。我被要求洗澡(shower)、穿上囚服(jail uniform)、採集指紋(fingerprinted)、接受面談(interviewed)。我乞求資訊(beg for information):『我要在這待多久?』(How long will I be here?)『我不知道你的案子』(I don’t know your case),那人說,『可能是幾天,也可能是幾週,但我現在告訴你,你得心理準備四個月』(could be days, could be weeks, but I’m telling you right now, you need to mentally prepare yourself for months)。我感覺要吐了(felt like I was going to throw up)。我被帶到護士辦公室檢查(nurses office for a medical check)。她問我發生什麼(what happened to me),她從沒見過加拿大人被關在那裡(never seen a Canadian there before)。我講了我的故事,她抓住我的手說:『你相信上帝嗎?』(Do you believe in God?)」
我告訴她,我最近才找到上帝,但現在我比什麼都相信上帝(I believe in God more than anything)。她說:「我相信上帝把你帶到這裡是有原因的(God brought you here for a reason)。我知道這感覺像你的生活碎成了一百萬片(your life is in 1 million pieces),但你會挺過去的(you will be okay through this)。我想你會找到幫助他人的方法(find a way to help others)。」當時,我不知道那是什麼意思(I didn’t know what that meant)。她問是否能為我祈禱(if she could pray for me),我握著她的手哭了起來(held her hands and wept)。我覺得自己像是被派來了一個守護天使(guardian angel)。我被安置在真正的監獄單元(real jail unit),兩層牢房圍繞著公共區域,就像電影裡一樣(just like in the movies)。我被單獨關在一間小牢房裡(tiny cell alone),裡面有雙層床和馬桶(bunk bed and a toilet)。最好的部分是有毯子(there were blankets),在三天沒有毯子後,我把自己裹在毯子裡,終於感到一絲安慰(felt some comfort)。第一天,我沒離開牢房(didn’t leave my cell)。我繼續禁食(continued fasting),害怕食物會讓我生病(food might make me sick)。唯一的水源是牢房裡連接到馬桶的水龍頭(tap attached to the toilet)和公共區域的水槽(sink in the common area),都不覺得安全可飲(neither of which felt safe to drink)。最終,我強迫自己走出來(force myself to step out),見警衛(meet the guards),學習規則(learn the rules)。其中一個告訴我不能打架(no fighting)。我哽咽了(choked),說:「我是愛好和平的人,不是鬥士(I’m a lover, not a fighter)。」他笑了。我問這裡有沒有發生過打架(if there had ever been a fight in this unit),他說:「沒有(no),這個單元沒人有犯罪記錄(no one in this unit has a criminal record)。」那時我開始認識其他女人(started meeting other women),聽她們的故事(hearing their stories)。就在那時,我決定(made a decision),我絕不再為自己的處境感到難過(never allow myself to feel sorry for my situation again)。無論這有多難,我都要心存感恩(had to be grateful),因為我遇到的每一個女人處境都比我更艱難(in an even more difficult position than mine)。
我們的單元大約有140人(around 140 of us)。許多女人在美國合法生活和工作多年(lived and worked in the U.S. legally for years),但簽證過期(overstayed their visas)。通常在重新申請並被拒後(after reapplying and being denied),她們毫無預警地被拘留(detained without warning)。如果有人是罪犯(criminal),我同意應該將他們帶離街頭(taken off the streets),但這些女人沒一個有犯罪記錄(not one of these women had a criminal record)。她們承認不該逾期居留(shouldn’t have overstayed),並為自己的行為負責(took responsibility for their actions),但她們的挫折不是因為被問責(being held accountable),而是因為陷入無休止的官僚困境(endless bureaucratic limbo)。真正的問題是脫離這個系統需要多久(how long it took to get out of the system),沒有明確答案(no clear answers)、時間表(no timeline),也無法前進(no way to move forward)。一旦被拘留,她們可能別無選擇,只能放棄一切(abandon everything they own),因為運送財物的成本太高(cost of shipping their belongings is too high)。我遇到一個女人,她和丈夫在公路旅行(road trip)。她說他們有10年工作簽證(10-year work visas)。在聖地牙哥邊境附近開車時,他們誤入通往墨西哥的車道(lane leading to Mexico)。他們停下來告訴特工沒帶護照(didn’t have their passports on them),期待被重新引導(redirected)。結果他們被拘留(detained)。他們都是牧師(pastors)。我遇到一個三口之家,在美國生活11年(living in the U.S. for 11 years),有工作許可(work authorizations),每年納稅(paid taxes),等待綠卡(waiting for green cards)。母親每年需接受背景調查(background check),但這次她被要求帶全家(bring her whole family),到達時被拘留(taken into custody),被告知身份將從拘留中心內處理(processed from within the detention center)。另一位加拿大女人和丈夫住在美國,丈夫因交通違規被拘留(detained after a traffic stop)。她承認簽證過期(overstayed her visa),接受被驅逐的事實(accepted that she would be deported),但她在系統中困了近6週(stuck in the system for almost 6 weeks),因為她沒帶護照(hadn’t had her passport)——誰會隨身帶護照跑日常瑣事(casual errands)呢?一個女人10年簽證到期後搬回委內瑞拉(Venezuela),承認逾期一個月才離開(overstayed by 1 month)。她度假返回美國無問題(entered the U.S. without issue),但從邁阿密到洛杉磯的國內航班被ICE拘留(picked up by ICE and detained)。她無法被驅逐,因委內瑞拉不接受被驅逐者(not accepting deportees)。她不知道何時能出去(when she was getting out)。一個印度女孩學生簽證逾期3天回國(overstayed her student visa for 3 days),後持新簽證回美完成碩士學位(finish her master’s),因之前逾期3天被ICE拘留(handed over to ICE)。還有女人從工作場所外、家裡被帶走(picked up off the streets)。她們被拘留的時間從幾週到10個月不等。一個女人的女兒在拘留中心外抗議要求釋放。那晚,牧師邀我參加她的服務(service)。她抱著一個會說英語的女孩為我翻譯。女人們輪流祈禱(sharing their prayers),為生病的父母(sick parents)、數週未見的孩子(children they hadn’t seen in weeks)、被分離的親人(loved ones they had been torn away from)。然後她們意外問能否為我祈禱(pray for me),因為我是新來的,想歡迎我(wanted to welcome me)。她們圍成圈(formed a prayer circle),握住我的手祈禱。我從未從一群陌生人那感受到如此多的愛、能量和同情(love, energy, and compassion)。每個人都哭了(Everyone was crying)。
第二天凌晨3點,我被牢房裡的聲音喚醒(woken up in my cell):『收拾行李,你要走了』(Pack your bag, you’re leaving)。我猛地坐起來(jolted upright):『我要回家了?』(I get to go home?)對方聳聳肩(shrugged):『我不知道你要去哪』(I don’t know where you’re going)。當然,沒人知道任何事(No one knew anything)。我拿著東西下樓,十個女人沉默地站著,眼淚流下臉頰(tears streaming down their faces),但這不是喜悅的淚水(not happy tears)。那一刻我學會了「轉移」(transfer)這個詞。對這些女人來說,拘留中心成了扭曲的家(twisted version of home)。她們建立了聯繫(formed bonds)、常規(established routines)、找到安慰和友誼(slivers of comfort and friendships)。現在,毫無預警,她們被拆散(torn apart),送往新地方(sent somewhere new)。看著她們告別(say goodbye),緊緊相擁(clinging to each other),令人心碎(gut-wrenching)。我不知道接下來等著我的是什麼(what was waiting for me next)。
回顧起來,這或許是最好的結果(probably for the best)。我們的下站是亞利桑那州的聖路易斯地區拘留中心(San Luis Regional Detention Center)。轉移過程持續了24小時(lasted for 24 hours),是一場無眠的折磨(sleepless, grueling ordeal)。這次有男人和我們一起被運送,大約50人擠在一輛監獄巴士裡(crammed into a prison bus),接下來5小時緊密相靠(packed together),女人在前,男人在後。我們被鐵鍊綁住(bound in chains),緊緊纏繞腰部(wrapped tightly around our waist),手銬固定在身上(cuffed hands secured to our bodies),腳鐐限制我們的腳(shackles restraining our feet),每一步都變成緩慢的叮噹聲(slow clinking struggle)。到達新目的地時,我們被迫再次經歷整個接收流程(intake process):醫療檢查(medical exams)、指紋採集(fingerprinting)、懷孕測試(pregnancy tests)。他們把我們鎖在骯髒的牢房裡(filthy cells),蹲在公共馬桶上(squatting over a communal toilet),拿著迪克西杯裝尿液(holding Dixie cups of urine),護士在每杯中滴入驗孕試劑(drop pregnancy tests),很噁心(disgusting)。我們在冰冷的牢房裡坐了幾小時,等待所有人處理完(waiting for everyone to be processed)。房間對面,一個女人突然認出她丈夫(spotted her husband)。他們都被拘留,幾週來第一次見面。他們臉上的表情——純粹的愛、寬慰和渴望(pure love, relief, and longing)——我永遠不會忘記(something I’ll never forget)。我們筋疲力盡(beyond exhausted)。我感覺自己放鬆了警惕,一個衛兵扔給我們每人一條毯子(tossed us each a blanket),說:『找張床』(find a bed)。沒有枕頭(no pillows)。房間冷如冰(cold as ice)。一條毯子不夠(one blanket wasn’t enough),女人們蜷縮著(curled into themselves),蒙著頭(heads covered),像滿屋的屍體(room full of corpses)。這地方讓之前的監獄感覺像四季酒店(four seasons)。我不停告訴自己:『別讓這擊垮你』(do not let this break you)。30人塞進一個房間(shipped one room)。我們只有一個泡沫杯裝水(styrofoam cup for water)和一個塑料湯匙(plastic spoon),每餐得重複使用(reuse for every meal)。我開始試著吃東西(start trying to eat),果然生病了(got sick)。制服都不合身(uniforms fit),每個人都穿著男鞋(men’s shoes)。洗澡用的毛巾是手巾(hand towels)。他們不給更多毯子,強光24小時照著我們(lights shined on us 24/7)。一切都像故意要擊垮你(meant to break you)。沒人解釋任何事(Nothing was explained)。我沒能打電話(wasn’t given a phone call)。我們被鎖在沒有陽光的房間(no daylight),不知何時能出去(when we would get out)。我試著保持冷靜,但每根神經都在逼近恐慌(every fiber of my being reached toward panic mode)。我不知道怎麼告訴布里特(Brett)我在哪。就像上帝派來的,一個女人給我看牆上的平板(tablet attached to the wall),我能發電子郵件(send emails)。我只記得CEO的郵件地址(CEO email from memory)。我敲出一條訊息,祈禱他會看到(praying he would see it)。他回了信,我聯繫上布里特。她說他們日夜努力想把我弄出去(working around the clock),但沒人知道答案(no one had any answers)。系統幾乎讓這不可能(next to impossible)。我告訴她新地方的條件(conditions in this new place)。那時我們決定找媒體(go to the media)。她聯繫記者,問我能否打電話給她,讓記者加入(loop him in)。布里特之前為我設的國際電話帳戶沒用(wasn’t working)。另一個女人讓我用她的電話帳戶(use her phone account)。在那牢房裡,我們同舟共濟(all in this together)。我交了新朋友,這些女人為自己和家人的更好生活冒了一切風險(risked everything)。通過她們,我了解到尋求庇護的殘酷現實(harsh reality of seeking asylum),她們給我看身體上的傷疤(physical scars)。她們說付給走私者(smugglers)2萬到6萬美元($20,000 to $60,000)到達美國邊境(U.S. border),忍受殘酷的叢林和惡劣條件(brutal jungles and horrendous conditions)。一個女人在墨西哥兩週內獲庇護(offered asylum in Mexico),卻被鼓勵繼續前往美國,現在她被困在噩夢中,與幼子分離數月(separated from her young children)。她哭著說覺得自己是世上最差的母親(worst mother in the world)。許多女人受過高等教育(highly educated),會多種語言(spoke multiple languages)。有人建議她們假裝不懂英語(pretend they didn’t speak English),因為這可能增加庇護機會(increase their chances of asylum)。有些人覺得自己被當作警告他人的例子(warnings to others not to come)。在新設施裡,女人們開始恐慌(starting to panic)。知道我可能是第一個出去的(most likely the first person to get out),她們寫信和留言給我,讓我寄給她們的家人(send to their families)。我感覺我們像被綁架(kidnapped),像某種病態心理實驗(sick psychological experiment),要剝奪我們的每一分力量和尊嚴(strip us of every ounce of our strength and dignity)。我們來自不同國家(different countries),說不同語言(different languages),信不同宗教(different religions),但在這裡,這些都不重要(none of that mattered)。每個人都互相照顧(took care of each other),分享食物(shared food),在有人崩潰時相擁(held each other)。每個人都努力保持彼此的希望(keep each other’s hope alive)。
我收到布里特的訊息。我的故事在媒體上迅速傳開(blow up in the media),幾乎就在我被告知釋放後(told I was being released)。之前從未說話的ICE特工告訴我律師,若我簽了撤回表(withdrawal form),本可早點離開(could have left sooner),他們知道我會自費買機票回家(pay for my own flight home)。從我到達一刻起,我懇求每位見到的官員讓我自費回家(begged every officer to let me pay for my own ticket home),沒一人跟我談我的案子(spoke to me about my case)。我有加拿大護照(Canadian passport)、律師(lawyers)、資源(resources)、媒體關注(media attention)、朋友(friends)、家人(family),甚至有政客為我奔走(politicians advocating for me),卻仍被拘留近兩週(detained for nearly 2 weeks)。想像這系統對其他人的影響(what the system is like for every other person in there)。凌晨2點,我們一小群人被轉回聖地牙哥(transferred back to San Diego),最後一次公路旅行,又被鎖鏈綁住(shackled in chains)。我被帶到機場,兩名警官等著我。媒體在場,警官從側門帶我走(stuck me through a side door),避免有人看到我被銬著(seeing me in my restraints)。我非常感激(beyond grateful),至少不用鎖著走過機場(walk through the airport in chains)。意外的是,護送我的警官很友善甚至幽默(incredibly kind and even funny)。這是我幾週來第一次笑。我問能否把鞋帶裝回去(put my shoelaces back on),一個咧嘴說:「可以,但你最好別跑(you better not run)。」另一個補充:「我們得在機場撲倒你(tackle you in the airport),那才真會上頭條(really make headlines)。」我笑了,說我在拘留時常觀察衛兵(observing the guards),不敢相信人類如何如此漠視他人(treating other humans with such disregard)。我開玩笑說:「別擔心,你們倆得五星(you two get five stars)。」到加拿大時,媽媽和兩個最好的朋友在等我,媒體也是。我簡短地對媒體說話,因疲憊而迷糊(delusion from exhaustion)。聽朋友講述救我出去的努力很真實(so real):聯繫律師(working with lawyers)、找媒體(reaching out to the media)、無數次打電話給拘留中心(endless calls to detention centers),試圖聯繫ICE或任何能幫的人(get through to ICE or anyone who could help)。他們說整個系統像被操縱(felt rigged),幾乎不可能讓人脫身(designed to make it nearly impossible for anyone to get out)。真相顯而易見:ICE拘留不只是官僚噩夢(bureaucratic nightmare),而是生意(business)。這些設施由私人公司擁有並運營(privately owned and run),如CoreCivic和Geo Group,從政府獲得資金,根據拘留人數計算(based on the number of people they detain)。這就是為何他們遊說更嚴格的移民政策(lobby for stricter immigration policies),這是利潤豐厚的生意(lucrative business)。CoreCivic一年從ICE合同賺超5.6億美元($560 million),2024年Geo Group從ICE合同賺超7.63億美元($763 million)。拘留者越多,賺得越多(the more detainees, the more money they make)。這些公司沒動機快速釋放人(no incentive to release people quickly)。我經歷的終於有意義了(starting to make sense)。這不只是我的故事,而是成千上萬人仍被困在從他們痛苦中獲利的系統中的故事(story of thousands and thousands still strapped to the system that profits from their suffering)。我寫下這些,希望有權改變這一切的人能做些什麼(someone with power to change any of this can help do something)。我在那些女人身上見到的力量、她們給予的愛(the love they gave),儘管身處痛苦,是給我信心的來源(gives me faith)。無論系統多有缺陷(how flawed the system is)、環境多殘酷(how cruel the circumstances),人性總在最黑暗處閃耀(humanity will always shine through even in the darkest places),在最破碎的系統中,人性依然存在(humanity persists)。有時在最小的意外善舉中顯現(smallest unexpected acts of kindness):共用的針(shared needle)、低語的祈禱(whispered prayer)、黑暗中的伸手(reaching out in the dark)。我們被我們給予的愛所定義(We are defined by the love we extend),被我們鼓起的勇氣(courage we summon)和願意說出的真相所定義(truths we are willing to tell)。這是文章的結尾。
故事還在繼續。德克薩斯州一名10歲美國公民(10-year-old citizen in Texas),正從腦癌(brain cancer)恢復,在邊境巡邏檢查站(border patrol checkpoint)被拘留(detained)。最終,這位美國公民和她有證件的父母(documented parents)被驅逐到墨西哥(deported to Mexico),儘管她需要醫療照顧(medical attention)治療腦癌。以下是NBC的報導:《美國公民兒童從腦癌中恢復,與有證件的父母被驅逐至墨西哥》(U.S. Citizen Child Recovering From Brain Cancer Removed to Mexico With Documented Parents)。一個被驅逐到墨西哥的家庭希望能返回美國,確保他們10歲的美國公民女兒(U.S. citizen)繼續接受腦癌治療(brain cancer treatment)。5月4日,移民當局將女孩和她的四個美國兄弟姊妹(four of her American siblings)從德克薩斯帶走(removed from Texas),共五個美國人,因他們報告了無證父母(undocumented parents)。上個月,這家人從里奧格兰德城(Rio Grande City)趕往休斯頓(Houston),因女兒需緊急醫療檢查(emergency medical checkup),那裡有她的專科醫生(specialist doctors)。過去,他們至少五次通過移民檢查站(immigration checkpoint)無問題。據德克薩斯民權項目(Texas Civil Rights Project)的律師丹尼·伍德沃德(Danny Woodward)說,之前父母會出示醫生和律師的信件(letters from their doctors and lawyers)通過檢查站。但今年2月初,這些信件不夠(weren’t enough)。他們在檢查站被攔下(stopped at the checkpoint),父母無法出示合法移民文件(legal immigration documentation)後被逮捕(arrested)。母親對NBC新聞獨家表示,她試圖向官員解釋女兒的情況(daughter’s circumstances),但他們不感興趣(weren’t interested)。除缺乏合法移民身份外,父母無犯罪記錄(no criminal history),伍德沃德說。邊境保護局(CBP)拘留並驅逐了這家人(detained and deported the family)。律師周三在電郵中說,基於隱私不評論個案(do not comment on individual cases)。周四,CBP發言人電郵表示,關於家庭情況的報導不準確(reports of the family situation are inaccurate),因無視驅逐令(expelled removal orders)需承擔後果(face the consequences),但因隱私不談細節。女孩去年診斷出腦癌,接受手術移除腫瘤(underwent surgery to remove a tumor)。母親說:「醫生幾乎不抱希望(gave me no hope for life for her),但感謝上帝,她是美國的奇蹟(miracle)。」女孩腦部腫脹未完全消退(swelling on the girl’s brain is still not fully gone),影響言語和右側身體活動(difficulties with speech and mobility)。被驅逐前,她定期接受醫生檢查(routinely checked in with doctors)、康復治療(rehabilitation therapies)和抗抽搐藥物(medication to prevent convulsions)。母親說:「這很困難(very difficult thing),我不希望任何人經歷這種情況。」德克薩斯民權項目主席羅謝爾·加西亞(Rochelle Garza)說:「這是絕對的悲劇(absolute tragedy),不是孤立事件,是特朗普政府模式的一部分(pattern in practice)。」她聽過多起混合身份家庭案例(mixed-status families),但這是組織唯一承接的此類案件。特朗普政府的邊境官員湯姆·霍曼(Tom Homan)說,無論身份如何,家庭可一起被驅逐(deported together),由父母決定是否留下孩子(leave their children behind)。但無證父母若被拘留,無委託書(power of attorney document)或監護權文件(guardianship)指定照顧者,孩子會進入美國寄養系統(U.S. foster care system),未來難以奪回監護權(regain custody)。母親回憶,她感到無能為力(felt like she could not do anything),用西班牙語說「進退兩難」(between a rock and a hard place)。NBC新聞因他們被驅逐到墨西哥綁架美國公民聞名的地區,未公開姓名。除了父母和10歲病女,還有15、13、8、6歲的四個美國孩子也被拘留(in the car when they were detained),五個中有四個出生於美國。被捕後,他們被帶到拘留中心(detention center),母女與丈夫和兒子分開(separated),她意識到無法帶女兒看醫生。母親說:「恐懼很可怕(horrible),無法解釋,很挫敗,很艱難(frustrating, very tough),不希望任何人經歷。」她病女躺在冷地板上(laying on a cold floor),白熾燈下(beneath incandescent lights)。數小時後,他們被放進貨車(placed in a van),丟在德克薩斯大橋墨西哥一側(dropped on the Mexico side of the Texas bridge),在附近避難所待了一週(sought refuge in a nearby shelter)。母親說夜裡安全問題不斷(safety concerns keep coming up at night),孩子無法上學(haven’t been able to go to school)。10歲女兒和15歲患長QT綜合症(long QT syndrome)的兒子——心律不整可能致命(life-threatening if not treated well)——在墨西哥未獲所需醫療(not received the health care they need)。青少年戴心率監測器(monitor that tracks his heart rate)。她淚流滿面說:「當局掌握我孩子們的命(Authorities have my children’s lives in their hands)。」父母2013年從墨西哥來到美國,定居德州尋求更好生活(better life for their family)。母親說,他們做過多份工作養六個孩子,還有一個17歲兒子被驅逐後留在德州(left behind in Texas)。兩週前,加州一名無證母親,照顧20歲患骨癌的美國公民女兒(undergoing treatment for bone cancer),被拘留後因人道假釋釋放(humanitarian parole)。加西亞呼籲政府假釋這家人(parole the family),糾正傷害(correct the harm),不再如此對待他人。我將讓出提問權(yield to a question),保留發言權(retaining the floor)。我認為我兄弟、朋友,與我站了近11小時(stood with me for almost 11 hours)。布克參議員,這些故事難以閱讀(hard stories to read),但我感謝你展示當前政府移民政策的冷酷(coldness of this current administration’s immigration policy)。對我來說,悲劇在於有機會修復無疑破碎的移民系統(broken immigration system),但在第71天(day 71),唐納德·特朗普未提出任何修復方案(no proposals to fix the broken system)。相反,他像醉酒水手般花錢(spending like a drunken sailor)在執法系統(enforcement system)上,浪費數千萬納稅人美元(tens of millions of taxpayer dollars)。你描述了這位加拿大女人的痛苦經歷(harrowing experience),她兩週的折磨(two-week ordeal),從一處轉到另一處(transported from site to site),反覆處理(processed and reprocessed)。作為撥款委員會國土安全小組的最高民主黨人(top Democrat on the Homeland Security Subcommittee of Appropriations),我在腦中計算這花了多少錢(cataloging how much money that cost us)。最終,這是個在美國工作(working in the United States)、對美國公民無威脅的人(posed no threat),我們卻為這兩週花了數百萬美元(several million dollars)。總體看,特朗普政府將耗盡邊境巡邏的全部資金(blow through all of the money allocated to Border Patrol),需回國會請求巨額追加撥款(massive additional appropriation),同時關閉醫學研究(shuttering medical research)、社會保障辦公室(closing down Social Security offices)。全國麻疹爆發(measles outbreaks),飛機似從天墜(planes seem to be falling out of the sky),FAA裁員(enduring layoffs)。這些開支決定有後果(consequences to these spending decisions)。邊境花費大量浪費於炫耀、低效的應對(showy, ineffective response),影響普通美國人所需的服務,如社會保障申請(help on their Social Security claims)。但我們需修復破碎的移民系統。去年,共和黨和民主黨聯合起草兩黨邊境安全法案(bipartisan border security bill),本可撥款數百億美元修復庇護系統(fix our broken asylum system),賦予總統新權力(new authorities)。特朗普指示參議院所有共和黨人反對(oppose it)。最終,只有四位參議員,包括作者蘭克福德(Senator Lankford)支持,其他共和黨人全反對。他反對的理由是他當總統後會修復(fix it when he became president)。但第72天(day 72),他未提出任何修復方案(not a single proposal),只有大量開支(a whole bunch of spending),錢如流水(money down the drain),因系統本身需改革(system itself needs to be reformed)。這證明我堅信特朗普不想修復移民系統(does not want to fix our immigration system),他想讓這問題成為政治痛處(open as a sore in our politics)。若我錯了,他會在此提出立法(proposed legislation)解決系統低效(underlying inefficiency),而非只砸錢(throwing money at the problem)。我們會看到這場行動的結果。我們被告知移民是特定國家安全威脅(specific national security threat),需打擊移民(crack down on immigration),包括驅逐合法庇護者(legitimate asylum seekers),以保護國家。我們看犯罪數據(crime data)。這屆政府頭幾個月,我有預感(have a feeling),犯罪不會下降(crime is not gonna have gone down)。為何?因自然出生的美國公民(natural-born American citizens)犯罪率高於第一代移民(first-generation immigrants)。布克參議員,我想問的問題是:你我同意,美國人無論左中右都承認移民系統破碎(immigration system is broken)。他們不喜歡每天數千人穿越(thousands of people crossing),知道庇護申請需10年(10 years to process an asylum claim)有問題,這鼓勵無證入境(incentive for people to come here without documentation)。但我認為,認為系統破碎的美國人還相信三件事:一、修復方法是改法律(change the laws),我們未改法前未盡職(not done our job),如建更好庇護系統(better asylum system)。特朗普政府無一提案(not a single proposal)。二、他們明白移民是國家核心力量(core strength),非負擔(not a liability)。若經濟要繁榮(thrive as an economy),需合法引進移民(bring people to this country legally)。放棄移民作為經濟增長機制(mechanism to grow economically)不符合美國人信念(what Americans believe),即使認為系統破碎者亦然。三、我不信這國家如特朗普所想般刻薄(mean)。每個人都希望法治(nation of laws),但美國公民看到有醫療狀況的孩子(child with a medical condition)、若留母國必死於毒販的人(face certain death from a drug gang)、戰亂國家的人(war-torn nations),相信美國夠強大、慷慨(strong enough, big enough, generous enough)保護他們。為何?因這一直是美國(that’s what America always has been)。特朗普認為美國人刻薄、不想幫外國出生者(born outside of the United States)或其父母外國出生者,我認為這不對(not right)。這背叛國家最佳傳統(betrays the best traditions),也誤讀美國人民(misreads the American people)。他們想修復系統,明白法律破碎,不想放棄引進全球移民的傳統(bringing people here from all around the world),知經濟繁榮與引進勤勞移民相關(linked to our ability to bring hard-working immigrants),且不如特朗普想的那樣刻薄。我感謝你的問題,但我想說,你與蘭克福德參議員努力合作(work so hard with Senator Lankford)。我得說,我希望別因我說愛蘭克福德而害他政治立場(hurt his politics)。我們在許多問題上有根本分歧(disagree fundamentally),或許這能幫他。我們都是有信仰的人(people of faith)。最近在全國祈禱早餐會(National Prayer Breakfast event)上,至少500人,可能是1000人,他是個有品格的人(man of character)。我喜歡他,因他每天努力做個好基督徒(tries to be a good Christian)。『愛你的鄰人』(love thy neighbor)、『你在異鄉為客』(you were a stranger in a strange land)的理念,讓我很開心看你——我認識12年的朋友——與他誠實協商(honest negotiation)。實話說,你們黨內不都同意你(didn’t agree with you),在他黨內特朗普介入前也不都同意(didn’t agree),但你們打造了一個可能通過的全面法案(comprehensive bill)。我2013年來這裡,『八人幫』(Gang of Eight)後也做過類似事,他們的法案出爐但死在眾院(died in the House)。美國有些人,如你與蘭克福德,政治光譜兩端,但在這些問題上同意(agree)。為何同意?墨菲參議員(Senator Murphy),為何?
為什麼?為什麼?兒童遭到性侵犯(children being sexually assaulted),卻不值得調查(not worth an investigation),因為政府認為提起訴訟並追究肇事者的責任(pursuing the lawsuit and holding perpetrators accountable)會干擾移民議程(interfere with the immigration agenda)。他們真的讓被指控的性虐待者逍遙法外(let alleged sex abusers go free),毫無解釋(with no explanation),這是偽善(hypocrisy)。家庭拘留(family detentions)重新開始。他們過去未能達到基本的兒童福利標準(basic child welfare standards),讓孩子暴露於創傷(exposed children to trauma)。特朗普自己的國土安全部(Department of Homeland Security)在2018年得出結論,家庭拘留中心對兒童和家庭構成高風險(posed a high risk of harm to children and families)。儘管如此,他們還是重啟了(restarted it)。我想說的一點是,這是一種犯罪(crime)。我當過市長(I was a mayor),居民最關心的首要問題是打擊犯罪(fighting crime)。我最近回到紐約,參加了一場可怕的悲劇——一名警官被14歲少年用鬼槍(ghost gun)殺害。送別來自紐約州各地的數百名警察,場面令人痛心(horrible)。一名14歲少年謀殺了警官,我仍在為他們的家人祈禱(pray for their family)。當我站在那裡,看著等待靈柩的警察隊伍(parade of police officers),有警官向我抱怨,在新澤西解決犯罪越來越難(harder and harder time solving crimes)。因為現在犯罪受害者(victims of crime)、性侵犯受害者(victims of sexual assault)、搶劫受害者(victims of robbery),如果他們是無證移民(undocumented),或因所有這些言論(all this rhetoric)而害怕與當地警察交談,他們擔心被移交給ICE。想像一下,在我們的國家,有人性侵他人卻能逃脫(getting away with it),因為他們針對的是移民。如果你認為這不傷害美國的安全(hurts American safety),你就錯了。他們不敢報案(afraid to report crimes),這剝奪了人們的憲法權利(subverting people’s constitutional rights),將無犯罪記錄的人關進外國監獄(incarcerating people in foreign prisons),傷害兒童(harms to children)。我們談過這些,但將執法資源從調查國家安全威脅(national security threat)、恐怖主義(terrorism)、毒品走私(drug smuggling)、人口販運(human trafficking)、非法武器出口(illegal arms exports)、金融犯罪(financial crimes)和性犯罪(sex crimes)轉移,強迫所有聯邦執法機構(federal law enforcement agencies)去執行低級移民犯罪(low-level immigration crimes)——或者說,那些除非法居留外無其他犯罪活動的無證人士(undocumented people with no criminal activity)。路透社(Reuters)報導了這種誤導的聯邦資源重新分配(misguided redirection of federal resources)。我讀了他們的文章:《通常追捕虐童者的聯邦特工現在正打擊非法居美的移民》(Federal agents who usually hunt down child abusers are now cracking down immigrants who live in U.S. illegally)。專攻洗錢(money laundering)的國土安全調查員(Homeland Security investigators)正在搜查餐廳和其他小企業(raiding restaurants and other small businesses),尋找未獲工作許可的移民(immigrants who aren’t authorized to work)。追捕毒販(drug traffickers)和稅務欺詐(tax fraud)的特工被重新分配去執行移民法(enforce immigration law)。特朗普承諾驅逐數百萬「犯罪外國人」(criminal aliens)。數千名來自多個聯邦機構的執法人員被徵召成為移民法執行者(immigration law enforcers),從毒品販運、恐怖主義、性虐待和欺詐等領域抽走打擊犯罪的資源(pulling crime-fighting resources away)。這是自2001年9月11日恐怖襲擊以來,對聯邦執法最重大的重組(most significant reorganization),基於對20多名現任及前任聯邦特工、律師和其他官員的採訪(interviews with more than 20 current and former federal agents, attorneys, and other federal officials),大多數有第一手資料(firsthand knowledge),幾乎全要求匿名(spoke on condition of anonymity),因未獲授權討論。特蕾莎·卡迪納爾·布朗(Teresa Cardinal Brown),曾在共和黨和民主黨政府任職的前國土安全官員說:「我不記得見過如此廣泛的聯邦資源全被轉向移民執法」("I do not recall ever seeing this wide spectrum of federal government resources all being turned towards immigration enforcement")。當你告訴機構停下手頭工作去做這個(stop what you’re doing and do this),其他工作就被擱置(takes a back seat)。國土安全部助理秘書長特雷弗·麥克勞克林(Trevor McLaughlin)回應路透社提問時說,政府正動員聯邦和州執法部門尋找、逮捕和驅逐非法移民(mobilizing federal and state law enforcement to find, arrest, and deport illegal aliens)。FBI拒絕回應人員配置問題,聲明稱其正保護美國免受多重威脅(protecting the U.S. from many threats)。特朗普政府未提供改革的全面數據,但這類似2001年襲擊後國會創建國土安全部(Department of Homeland Security),從其他機構調來16.9萬名員工(pulled together 169,000 federal employees),並讓FBI聚焦反恐(refocus the FBI on battling terrorism)。特朗普對驅逐移民的強硬態度加劇了美國的黨派分歧(stark partisan divide)。參議院二號民主黨人迪克·德賓(Dick Durbin)稱這場打壓為資源的浪費和誤導(wasteful, misguided diversion of resources),讓美國人更不安全(making Americans less safe),因特工被調離公司欺詐(corporate fraud)、恐怖主義、兒童性剝削(child sexual exploitation)等犯罪調查。移民焦點從其他打擊犯罪部門抽走大量資源(drawing significant resources)。據20多位消息人士稱,至1月,追查非法移民主要由ICE(Immigration and Customs Enforcement)和海關與邊境保護局(Customs and Border Protection)負責,兩者共8萬員工(combined staff of 80,000)。在底特律(Detroit),移民起訴罕見(rare),但被控移民罪的人數從2月的2人增至上個月的19人(rose from two in February to 19 last month)。司法部案件管理顯示,過去十年DAATF檢察官提起案件中不到1%涉及移民法違規(involved allegations that someone had violated immigration law)。然而,自1月起,DEA特工被命令重啟長達5年的未起訴案件(reopen cases up to 5 years old where prosecutors declined to bring charges)。在特朗普和億萬富翁埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)削減聯邦官僚規模(slash the size of the federal government bureaucracy)時,移民執法工作似未受影響(appear largely exempt)。1月31日,ICE人力資源官員電郵員工,稱他們不符2.3萬聯邦員工的退休資格(not eligible for retirement buyouts offered to some 2.3 million federal workers),所有ICE職位被排除(all ICE positions are excluded)。在一封未報導的電郵中,他們說:「我們接受總統的命令(We’ll accept the man president)。」
參議員會否為提問讓步?我將在保留發言權的情況下讓步。是的,我會讓步。謝謝。參議員,我一直在聽你數小時的演講,現在談到移民問題,我有另一個關於移民政策的問題。我想我們都明白,國家確保邊境安全(secure its borders)絕對必要。有時國家會忘記這點,但幾年來我們一直在辯論移民問題。我不知參議員是否提及去年參議院的機會,當時共和黨和民主黨都意識到,確保邊境安全和制定明智有益的移民政策(sensible, beneficial immigration policy)的唯一方法是一起合作(work together)。我知道參議員密切關注。我們有來自俄克拉荷馬的蘭克福德參議員(Senator Lankford)、康涅狄格的墨菲參議員(Senator Murphy)、亞利桑那的西內瑪參議員(Senator Sinema)的出色工作。儘管移民問題政治緊張(political tension),原因可理解,他們三人努力達成三黨提案(tri-partisan proposal)。西內瑪作為獨立人士(independent)總在促成黨派合作中發揮建設性作用(constructive role)。該立法承諾邊境安全(major commitment embraced for border security),墨菲代表民主黨認可,我們必須控制邊境(control our borders),這很簡單。但控制邊境也提供了機會,讓國會和總統制定惠及美國人民的移民政策(benefit the American people),不僅保障邊境安全,也通過美國人民控制的合法移民惠及我們。我注意到埃隆·馬斯克反對特朗普支持的移民需求(against immigration needs),他喜歡高學歷電腦人才(highly educated computer people)幫他從富有變更富(from very rich to even richer),為對他企業有益的人破例(carries out an exception)。在佛蒙特州(Vermont),我們有很多奶牛場(dairy farms)和旅遊業(tourist industry),很難填補這些職位(hard time filling those jobs)。合法移民對佛蒙特人民有幫助、有建設性、有益(helpful and constructive and beneficial)。我與兩黨同事交談,許多州的旅遊業和農業企業(agricultural enterprises)缺乏填補職位的人手(number of people we need)。這不只是多付錢的問題(not just a matter of paying more),我們要盡一切努力提升美國工人薪資(elevate the wages of American workers),順便一提,這有點離題(a little bit of an aside)。
為什麼我們不提高最低工資(raise the minimum wage)?我知道參議員你支持,我也當然支持(I certainly am)。這讓我震驚(astonishes me),我們還維持在什麼?每小時7.75美元($7.75)?簡直難以置信(unbelievable)。許多州已提高了最低工資,我的州當然有(mine certainly has)。但在移民法案中,我們有機會(had the opportunity)並有意志(the will)取得巨大進展(make enormous progress),制定一個確保邊境安全(secure the border)的移民政策,獲得參眾兩院兩黨多數的認可(validation of bipartisan majorities),也處理合法移民問題(issues about legal immigration),幫助我們強化經濟(strengthen our economy),還包括為「夢想者」(Dreamers)提供公民身份途徑(pathway to citizenship)。這些人4、5、6歲時被父母帶來(brought here by their parents),美國是他們唯一認識的國家(the only country they know)。我與對面黨派的同事交談時了解到,他們對許多「夢想者」抱有極大尊重(enormous amount of respect)。許多人在軍中成為我們的英雄(heroes for us in the military)。在我看來,這不是共和黨或民主黨的問題(not a Republican-Democratic situation),而是幾乎每個參議員的願望(desire on the part of almost everyone in this body),去適應一個現實:孩子被父母帶來這裡,上學(going to school)、受教育(getting an education)、為國家服務(serving their country)——當消防員(firefighters)、海軍陸戰隊員(Marines)、教師(teachers),做對國家有益的事(helpful to our country),他們在這裡完全不是自己的錯(no fault of their own)。若要求他們被驅逐(require them to be deported),就像現任政府正在努力的那樣(effort that the current administration is making),你會把如今可能30或40歲、有家庭的人(have families)送回父母帶他們來的國家。他們甚至不會說那裡的語言(don’t even speak the language),這顯然毫無意義(makes no sense)。我與佛蒙特州的礦工交談,他們對強硬邊境(strong border)有強烈看法。
我問他們這個情況怎麼看(what about this situation),他們說:「等等,這不一樣(that’s different)。這是住在這裡的人,就像我的鄰居(like my neighbor)。」所以當我們即將通過這項立法(on the cusp of being able to get this legislation passed)時,當時還是候選人的特朗普(then-candidate Trump)以他直率的方式說:「殺了它(kill it)。」他被告知這會「給民主黨人勝利」(give the Democrats a win)。我從不認為這是民主黨的勝利(a win for Democrats),我認為這是美國的勝利(a win for America)。現實是,當我們在這裡要做真正困難的事(do really hard things),而如今我們不常做困難的事(not doing hard things these days),但當我們試圖為美國人民做重要且困難的事時,我的經驗是,你必須達成兩黨共識(get to a bipartisan place)。因為我們輸過選舉(lost elections),上次也輸了(lost the last one),那是我們的責任(on us),不是選民的錯。他們做了決定,那是他們的權利(their right to do)。我們得學習、傾聽(learn and listen)。當我們聽到美國人民清楚地說想要安全的邊境(secure border),我們與對面黨派的同事合作(worked with our colleagues on the other side of the aisle)來實現這目標。為什麼黨的領袖要扼殺它(kill it)?
為什麼?我知道這是因為好政治(good politics),對吧?但這不是關於什麼是好的黨派政治(partisan politics),而是關於什麼是好的政策(good policy),能幫助美國人民(help the American people)。所以在你關注的眾多議題中,我特別在意移民問題(question of immigration)。這極其重要(incredibly important),我想明確表示,作為美國參議院的一員,我全力支持(absolutely all in)我們所需的移民改革:安全的邊境(secure border)、合法移民(legal immigration),由我們決定什麼樣的移民對美國人民有益且可持續(beneficial to the American people, sustainable),還包括為這些孩子——大多數情況下被父母帶來,無任何自主權或參與決定的孩子(no agency, no involvement whatsoever in the decision to come here)——提供公民身份途徑。好的,他們如何來到這裡顯然聽到了她(how they got here heard her)。對我們這些不熬夜的人(don’t stay up all night),有些情況會讓人驚醒(alarmed to wake up)。抱歉我比預期早到(being here earlier than I thought I’d be),而你比預期晚留(you’re here later than you thought)。但這對你是多大的榮幸(such a privilege for you),對我也是(such a privilege for me),對與我們一起在參議院服務的其他98位美國公民也是(privilege for the other 98 citizens who serve with us)。任何機會(any chance we get),只要能做些對我們代表的人民有益的事(helpful to the people we represent),我們難道不想抓住它(grab it)?難道不想去做(do it)?我們的姓名是否留名(lives in memory)不重要,重要的是我們在這裡做了什麼(what we do here)。當我們離開時,能否回顧並滿足地知道我們盡了全力(gave it our best)。我希望你知道,這份工作的人承受巨大壓力(enormous pressure),來自我們生活的政治世界的各種潮流(cross currents of the political world)。我們都會犯錯(all of us are fallible),都有很多機會搞砸(opportunity to get it wrong),也確實如此。但我在兩黨中敬佩的人,如墨菲參議員與之共事許多的麥凱恩參議員(Senator McCain),他有心有魂(heart and soul),那精神引導著他(spirit that guided him)。談到移民問題有多艱難時,他與所謂的「八人幫」(Gang of Eight)合作,推出了參議院多年前通過的改革(reform that the Senate passed)。我當時在眾議院(in the House),記得聽到參議院提出提案時非常興奮(so excited)。這提案合情合理(made sense),雖不完美(wasn’t perfect),但什麼是完美的呢?你知道,送它到地球(send it to earth)?
什麼是完美(What’s perfect)?我們盡力而為(do the best we can),大概就是這樣(that’s about it)。但你知道嗎,當我說「大概就是這樣」時,這就是生活(that’s what life is):盡力而為,然後繼續前進(do your best and then move on)。順便說一句,這也是我認為兩黨合作(bipartisanship)如此重要的原因之一,現在我們完全沒有這種合作(which we don’t have now at all)。但為什麼它最終必須存在(it has to ultimately),是因為我們得有足夠的謙卑(enough humility),明白單靠任何一方都沒有全部答案(either side has the answers)。當我們真誠地努力(try in earnest)找出當下最好的解決方案(best solution we can at the moment),彼此傾聽(listen to each other),會發生什麼?如果我們沒完全做對(didn’t get it fully right)——我們永遠不會(we never will)——我們知道有機會根據經驗修正並改進(opportunity to fix it and make it better based on experience)。但當只有「我們的路或沒路」(our way or the highway)時,就沒有解決方案(no resolution),也沒有進展(no progress)。第一,法案通不過(you don’t get the bill passed),就像我們看到的移民法案(immigration bill);第二,即使通過,對方也會試圖拆解並廢除(tear it apart and repeal it),而不是改進(improve it)。我們每個人都知道,美國人民想要進展(American people want progress)。但當我們談到困難的事(something is hard),確實很難(truly is hard)。移民問題在政治上很棘手(hard politically)。那種渴望解決問題的精神(spirit of wanting to get to a solution),正是驅動蘭克福德參議員(Senator Lankford)、墨菲參議員(Senator Murphy)和西內瑪參議員(Senator Sinema)工作的動力。他們想找到解決方案(get to a solution),儘管一開始他們的觀點截然不同(significantly different points of view)。他們追求的正確結果是什麼?是找到一個解決方案,代表我們黨團內不同觀點(disparate views of our caucus),他們達成了一個妥協(came up with a compromise),據各方說法,這會讓我們處於更好的境地(such a better place for us to be)。現在呢?
我們在什麼境地?毫無進展(no progress)。自從參議院在麥凱恩參議員(Senator McCain)等人領導下通過移民法案以來,我們未能採取行動。我提到當時我在眾議院(in the House)有多興奮。這法案傳來時我很興奮,佛蒙特人(minors)一直問我:「彼得,我們得對邊境做點什麼(we’ve got to do something about our borders)。我們得確保農民不怕農場被突襲(farms raided),不怕無法給奶牛擠奶(not being able to milk their cows)。這很關鍵,對吧?」我說的是一些很保守的人(pretty conservative people),政治上有時同意我,有時不同意。但讓我興奮的是,這法案即將到眾議院時,我想我有機會投票支持安全的移民措施(secure immigration effort)、確保邊境安全(securing our borders)、合理的移民計畫(rational immigration plan),並給「夢想者」公平(fairness to the Dreamers)。我非常興奮(so excited)。然後呢?眾議院宣布甚至不考慮這法案(would not even take up the bill)。
為什麼?原因和當時候選人特朗普(candidate Trump)對參議院黨內同事(party members in the Senate)的提議一樣:「殺了它(kill it)。」為什麼?坦白說(candor),這是最根本的原因(most integral of all reasons)。有時政治人物寧願保留爭議議題(prefer to have the issues they can fight about),而不是利用他們的責任和機會解決問題(use the responsibility and opportunity they have to solve the problem)。這就是當時的情況(what happened)。現在我們又看到同樣的事。當前政府的移民政策(immigration policies of the current administration)還有另一個問題:有很多殘酷(cruelty)。是的,我們得有安全的邊境(secure border);是的,非法入境的罪犯(criminals who came here illegally)應被驅逐(deported)。但我們對安全邊境、合法驅逐非法罪犯的共識(consensus),應該被用來證明大規模隨機圍捕(wholesale roundup where the people who are rounded up are almost randomly picked up)的正當性嗎?有些可能是基於可靠資訊(good information),但在這次圍捕中,很多人被送往薩爾瓦多的監獄(flown to the jail in El Salvador),連最基本的正當程序(minimal amount of due process)——查問「這個人是誰?他們從哪來?」——都沒有。
那個紋身是幫派標誌(mean they’re in a gang)還是我的紋身(tattoo of mine)?我們是一個不提供這種最低限度查詢(minimal inquiry)的社會嗎?這就是所謂的正當程序(due process)。這個國家建立於此(country was founded on it)。但在許多案例中,我們似乎沒做到。還有,我們看到一些合法居留的人(here legally)被圍捕。他們持學生簽證(student visa),在校報發表意見(published an opinion in a school newspaper),表達對中東苦難的看法(suffering in the Middle East)。這個國家建立於第一修正案的言論自由權(First Amendment right to free speech)等基礎上。令人震驚的是(astonishing thing),這些合法在這裡的人(here legally),我強調合法(legally, legally, legally),突然被蒙面人對峙(confronted by people essentially wearing masks)、戴上手銬(put in handcuffs)、帶走(taken away),然後關進不知名的地方(put in a jail in some unknown place),幾天後才知道他們在哪(days later you find out where they are)。
這怎麼解決邊境危機(solve the border crisis)?這怎麼保護美國自憲法以來標誌性的自由(liberties that have been the hallmark of the United States of America)?這很殘酷(cruel)。一個人就這樣消失(disappears),這是我知道的術語(a term),墨菲參議員也用過。我認為不幸的是,這很準確(accurately)。我們面臨挑戰(we have a challenge),這不是誰贏這票、誰贏那票(who wins this vote, who wins that vote)。
甚至不是誰占多數(who’s in the majority)、誰是少數(who’s in the minority)。因為這個國家、這個參議院只有在你以美國參議員的義務(obligation as a United States Senator)來看待美國問題時才能運作,無論你的政治觀點如何(whatever your political views are),你的目標是進展(make progress)、改善現狀(make it better)。我在佛蒙特州參議院待了13年(state Senate for 13 years)。我不會說之後我的生活走下坡路(life has been downhill since then),但我很欣賞佛蒙特參議院的兩黨合作(bipartisanship)。我學到,兩黨合作如今幾乎沒意義(doesn’t have a meaning almost now),因為你得選邊站(one side or the other)。我記得第一次進州參議院時,布克參議員,我贏了一場意外的選舉(won an election that was an upset),自我感覺很好(pretty good about myself)。當時共和黨占多數(majority in the Republican Party)。我準備製造麻煩(cause trouble),不一定是約翰·劉易斯(John Lewis)的「好麻煩」(good way),可能更像彼得的方式(Peter Welch way)。我有很多要學。兩位共和黨參議員和副州長(lieutenant governor)決定委員會成員(who would be on what committees)。我很想進財務委員會(finance committee),但新人通常進不去(not a committee to get on)。我贏了選舉,表現得像自己很重要(acting like you’re more important than you are),他們卻把我放進財務委員會。我想:「我完了(I’m doomed)。」因為我知道得合作(had to cooperate)。他們對我很好、很慷慨(so good to me and so generous),給了我一席之地(seat at the table)。能與這些我高度尊敬、比我懂得多的人同桌(sit at the table with these people I held in such high regard)是莫大的榮幸(such a thrill)。他們沒因我觀點不同或黨派不同推開我(push me aside)。幾年後,我成了參議院主席(Senate president),負責委員會分配(who is on the committees)。我在佛蒙特開始並延續一個慣例(process that we still do in Vermont),任命多位共和黨人主持委員會(chair committees)。我和現任州長菲爾·斯科特(Phil Scott)第二次共事,他主持機構委員會(institutions committee),這對佛蒙特是大 deal(big deal)。我告訴別人我們在佛蒙特這樣做,任命對方黨派的人,他們覺得我需要精神檢查(mental status exam)。這裡不這麼做(you just don’t do that)。但我知道,這裡很多人有「墨菲-蘭克福德-西內瑪態度」(Murphy-Lankford-Sinema attitude):解決問題(solve the problem)、取得進展(make progress)、找到前進之路(move ahead)。你談到移民,我們長期繞圈子沒進展(going round and round without making progress),幾乎創造了一個冷漠的漩渦(cold attack or sinkhole),人們覺得無意義(pointless)。為什麼談?為什麼試著解決?
我想先說,參議員(Senator)在這裡很有名氣(has a reputation around this place)。你身上有一種深邃而真摯的善良(deep penetrating goodness)。我喜歡觀察我的參議院同事(Senate colleagues),尤其是在沒人注意的時候(when the other people are not)。這是我的習慣,因為我認為一個人在無人注視時的行為很能說明問題(what you do when no one is watching is really telling)。我有個信念:對你好但對服務生不好的人,不是好人(someone who is nice to you, but not nice to the waiter is not a nice person)。我們這裡有一群人展現出深刻而正派的善良(deep, decent goodness),你是其中之一(one of those people)。我愛看著你(what I love watching you),即使是最遠的意識形態對立者(farthest ideological person away from you),你看人的方式就像看到了他們的神性(like you see their divinity)。無論是最高職位的人(person at the highest position)、參議院的領袖(leader of the Senate on either side),還是開門的人(someone who holds the door),我愛你的一點是(what I love about you),我觀察你時,你是那些不只待在自己黨派一邊的參議員之一(one of the senators who don’t just keep to their side of the aisle)。我總是抬頭發現你在對面和某人交談(find you over there talking to somebody)。我依賴你的正派(rely on that decency),你是我的朋友(as a friend),我已把你當兄弟般愛著(love you like a brother)。我要感謝你在清晨鬧鐘響前來到這裡(being here before your alarm in the morning goes off),這真的觸動了我(touches me)。我不知你是否記得,但約12小時前,你就坐在這裡(sat right here),你給了我一個擁抱(embrace being a hug)。我依靠那個擁抱(lean on that hug),因為我不確定自己能否撐過12小時(make it 12 hours)。我從你身上汲取力量(take strength from you),我的朋友,我從你身上找到堅持善良的動力(hold to my kindness),到處尋找它(look for it everywhere)。這是我從未與你分享過的故事(a story I don’t think I’ve ever shared with you),但它說明了我們如何完成工作以及應該如何完成工作。
我初到美國參議院(United States Senate)時,我的導師比爾·布拉德利(Bill Bradley)給了我三個重要的教訓(three real lessons)。我想我遵守了其中兩個。第一是熟悉議事規則(know the rules of procedure really well),這是我可能沒做好的(the one I probably failed)。13年過去了,我還在學習議事規則(still learning things about the rules of procedure)。第二是成為某些領域的專家(become a specialist in some areas),不要淺嘗輒止(a mile wide and an inch deep)。我覺得我在這方面做得還不錯(done a pretty good job)。但他給我的第三個教訓最有成效(most fruitful)。我之前提過與約翰·麥凱恩(John McCain)合作的益處,這12小時裡也提到過。他命令我去見所有共和黨同事(meet with all your Republican colleagues),請他們吃飯(take them out to dinner)、共進午餐(sit with them for lunch),不管他們是誰。我和泰德·克魯茲(Ted Cruz)共進晚餐,很難找餐廳,因為我是素食主義者(vegan),而泰德·克魯茲來自德克薩斯(Texas)。我還記得我們出去時,人們看到兩個人在一起吃飯(breaking bread)有多震驚。但我想講的故事是關於我去見吉姆·英霍夫(Jim Inhofe),一位和我同州的共和黨人(republican from the same status as Lankford)。我無法讓他與我見面(couldn’t get him to meet with me),排不上他的日程(couldn’t get on his schedule)。後來我發現他在他的藏身處(hideaway)有聖經學習(Bible study)。我去了他的藏身處參加聖經學習。我們都有隱性偏見(implicit biases)。我的偏見是,我沒想到這個年長、保守的人(older, conservative man),我走進去會看到他的壁爐架(mantle)上,放著一張他抱著一個黑人小女孩的漂亮照片(beautiful picture centered of him hugging a little black girl)。我為此感到尷尬(embarrassed by that),這讓我很驚訝(surprised me)。尤其在那些日子,我不敢像對參議院的資深巨頭(senior giants in the Senate)那樣隨意交談,不敢直呼其名(call them by their first names)。我至今仍不習慣直呼德賓參議員(Senator Durbin)的名字,他在我眼中是參議院的雄獅(lion of the Senate),也是對我最友善的人之一(kindest people to me since I’ve been here)。
我去找吉姆·英霍夫,說:「主席先生(Mister Chairman, sir)。」我看著那張照片,問:「那是誰?」他微笑著輕笑(smiles and chuckles),然後告訴我一個最美的故事(most beautiful story),關於他的家人收養這個黑人小女孩(adopting this little black girl),在最糟糕的情況下(some of the most terrible circumstances)。我很感動,想起我的朋友比爾·布拉德利。如果不是因為他,我不會知道這個意識形態上與我分歧很大的人(ideologically we disagreed on so many things)有如此美好的故事。這個私人時刻(personal moment)在我們之間建立了一條線(thread),不是粗繩(rope)或和弦(chord),而是一條細線(thread),把我和他聯繫起來,產生了更深的感情(deeper affection)。幾個月後,在參議院裡,一項重大教育法案(big education bill)正在通過,克里斯·墨菲(Chris Murphy)早前提到過。因為《不讓一個孩子落後》(No Child Left Behind),我們正朝另一方向走。參議員曾告訴我,這裡的鐘擺有時會來回擺動(pendulum sometimes swings and swings back)。這是個交易,拉馬爾·亞歷山大(Lamar Alexander)在參議院中管理法案(manager of the bill),不允許任何修正案(no amendments allowed)。我坐在後面(sitting back here),這是我的座位。你談到自我(egos),我有個很棒的修正案(great amendment)。我很沮喪,因為有這個「不准修正」的規則,但我有個很棒的修正案,想為無家可歸和寄養兒童(homeless and foster children)做點事,他們的教育成果最差(worst educational outcomes)。我想提出一個溫和的修正案(modest amendment),為這些在寄養或無家可歸的美國孩子帶來改變。我很沮喪,坐在這裡,這是我夢想再次做到的事(dream of doing again one day),有點不高興。然後我看到吉姆·英霍夫參議員走進門(walking through those doors),走到講台(well)說話。我想起他告訴我的那個黑人小女孩的故事(story about this little black girl in his family),某種感覺讓我站起來(something tells me to get up),我走下台階到講台,對他說:「主席先生(Mister Chairman, sir),我知道你多麼關心處境艱難的孩子(care for children in tough circumstances)。我有個修正案。」我解釋了我的修正案,他看著我,給了我參議院的「不」(Senate version of no):「我會考慮(I’ll think about it)。」我很沮喪,說:「謝謝您考慮,先生(thank you, sir, for considering it)。」我走回這裡坐下。但當我抬起頭,他朝我們這邊走來(marching into our side),就像你常去對面一樣(like you do on the other side),像是GPS坐標錯了(GPS coordinates were off),走到我面前,對我咕噥了一下(grunts at me)。然後轉身走開,我站起來說:「等等,請問,您什麼意思?」他說:「科里(Cory),我會共同提案你的修正案(co-sponsor your amendment)。」我很高興(so happy)。然後我去找格拉斯利參議員(Senator Grassley),說了同樣的話。感謝與他的關係(relationship),我們建立了深厚聯繫(bonded),儘管我們分歧很多(disagree on so much),他沒讓我等(doesn’t even make me wait),看著我說:「你有英霍夫(You got Inhofe)。」等我去找拉馬爾·亞歷山大時(by the time I go to Lamar Alexander),我看著他說:「我拿到滿貫(I got a full house)。抱歉,沒有其他民主黨人,但我有這些共和黨人。」他看著我笑說:「真的嗎(really)?」
他現在把這項修正案納入了國家的法律(puts the amendment on the bill of the law of the land)。我親愛的朋友,我親愛的兄弟,你在一連串問題開頭說的(in the beginning of your long lined up question),正是真正的改變如何實現(how real change is made)。那個人讓德賓(Durbin)印象深刻。我初到參議院時,他知道我多麼關心刑事司法改革(criminal justice reform)。你把我帶到談判桌上(brought me to the table)。我開始工作,主持時,我與邁克·李(Mike Lee)、查克·格拉斯利(Chuck Grassley)對話(conversations)。我們一起拼湊了一個法案(couple together a bill)。這不是靠行政命令(executive fiat)完成的,而是在參議院以87票通過(done in the Senate with 87 votes)。這成了國家法律(law of the land),數千人從不公正的監禁中被解放(liberated from unjust incarceration)。我要對參議員說的是,他的精神(his spirit)是如此正確(so right),如此真實(so true),關於實現真正改變所需的條件。但我們現在的總統似乎並未帶著任何大膽的兩黨立法(bold, bipartisan legislation)來到這個機構,來解決國家的問題(solve the problems of our nation),拼湊出這個國家在移民問題上的共同基礎(cobble together the common ground)。不,他不是這樣行事(not acting like that)。他使用像「總統首要權」(presidential primacy)這樣的語言,通過說「總統首要權」來捍衛他在移民問題上的腐敗做法(defending his corrupt practices in immigration)。他援引了《外敵法案》(alien enemies act),從18世紀的法律中尋求依據(act from the 1700s),來否定正當程序(deny due process)。安東·斯卡利亞(Antonin Scalia),一位文本主義者(textualist)說,無論你是否出生在這個國家,你在這裡都有正當程序(you have due process here)。憲法(Constitution)只有一件事重複了兩次,第五修正案和第十四修正案(5th and 14th amendments)都說,沒有人——不是公民,沒有人——未經正當法律程序(without due process of law)應被剝奪自由或財產(deprived of liberty or property)。然而,這位總統正在讓人們消失(disappearing people),正如我們在這裡記錄的(as we documented here),讓錯誤的人消失(disappearing the wrong people)。我們記錄了不公正地拘留美國人(detaining unjustly Americans)、分離家庭(separating families),同時推行他的議程,做著兩黨人士都不認同的事(values of people on both sides of this aisle don’t believe in),比如停止調查涉嫌性侵兒童的案件(stopping the investigation of children for alleged sexual molestation)。這是錯誤的(wrong)。我與一些倡導者坐下,他們告訴我,我們在努力阻止法律被破壞(fight to stop the law from being broken),他們嚇到了我,德賓。因為他們說了我站在這裡說過的話:如果有人願意為一些人違反憲法(violate the Constitution for some),就危及我們所有人的憲法權利(endangers the constitutional rights for us all)。不要認為這只是那些人的問題,如果他們侵犯了一些人的權利(violating rights of some),就是對所有人權利的威脅(threat to the rights of all)。我站在這裡,是因為一場日益嚴重的國家危機(national crisis that is growing)。我們談過社會保障(social security)、醫療保健(health care)、教育(education),這對我們是危機(crisis for us)。他們說,有人提到《起義法案》(Insurrection Act),聽到政府內部人士談論《起義法案》。國會和全國每個人都想要安全的邊境(safe and secure border)。讓我們繼續努力。剝奪移民基本的憲法自由(erode basic constitutional freedoms)不會讓美國更安全(make America safer),不會讓我們的社區更安全(make our community safer),不會像蘭克福德和墨菲(Lankford and Murphy)那樣以兩黨方式改革移民系統(reform our immigration system),不會解決我們的農業(agricultural industry)和科技行業(tech industry)的長期問題(longstanding problems)。歷史表明,當正當程序和基本憲法權利被剝奪給某些人時(voted for some people),這不會停止(does not stop),而是繼續侵蝕(continues to erode)。保護你安全的海岸線會縮小,直到波及你(shrink until it reaches you)。我想起德國牧師馬丁·尼莫拉(Martin Niemöller)對德國法西斯主義的引言(quote about fascism in Germany):他們先來抓社會主義者(first they came for the socialists),我沒說話,因為我不是社會主義者(I did not speak up because I was not a socialist)。然後他們來侵犯憲法權利。特朗普最近暗示《外敵法案》(alien enemies act)是第一步(first step),在無正當程序下讓人消失(disappearing people without due process),正如斯卡利亞大法官(Justice Scalia)所說,這是錯誤的(wrong)。上任第一天(first day in office),特朗普指示國防部長(Secretary of Defense)和國土安全部長(Secretary of Homeland Security)啟動90天審查(initiate a 90-day review),以決定是否應援引1807年的《起義法案》(Insurrection Act of 1807)。那90天什麼時候到期?本月(this month),19天後,4月20日(April 20th)。這位總統已援引1780年代的法律(1780 something law),還要求他的移民和國土安全團隊審查1807年的《起義法案》。看著的人可能會問,這是什麼?
《起義法案》(Insurrection Act)是什麼?我查過《外敵法案》(alien enemies act),也得告訴大家《起義法案》是什麼。總統上任第一天,在所有待辦事項中,他轉向國防部長和國土安全部長,指示他們啟動90天審查。《起義法案》是什麼?它是總統最強大的權力之一(among the president’s most powerful authorities),可在國家緊急狀態下部署美國武裝部隊和民兵(deploy the U.S. armed forces and militia during a national emergency)。他可以宣布國家緊急狀態(declare a national emergency)。這位總統已錯誤地宣布過國家緊急狀態(wrongfully declared national emergencies),比如能源緊急狀態(national emergency on energy)。基恩參議員(Senator Keane)談到,在我們歷史上石油化工開採最高峰時(highest level of petrochemical extraction in our country’s history),宣布能源緊急狀態是荒謬的(outrageousness)。在他開始撤回風能和太陽能政策前(rolling back what we were doing on wind and solar),我們有全面策略(all-of-the-above strategy)。沒人比喬·拜登(Joe Biden)更努力「鑽探」(drilled baby drilled)。《起義法案》賦予總統在認為法律受阻時(believes it’s being obstructed),宣布國家緊急狀態、鎮壓叛亂(suppress insurrections)、平息內亂或家庭暴力(quell civil unrest or domestic violence)、執行法律的能力。總統何時可援引《起義法案》?法律文本未定義叛亂(insurrection)、反叛(rebellion)或家庭暴力(domestic violence),這些是部署的前提(prerequisites for deployment),但未明確定義。特朗普上任當晚簽署的首批行政命令之一(first executive orders),標題為《在美國南部邊境宣布國家緊急狀態》(Declaring a National Emergency at the Southern Border of the United States),稱美國主權正受攻擊(American sovereignty is under attack)。他已宣布國家緊急狀態,國會和法院未參與決定什麼構成阻礙或叛亂(played a role in deciding what constitutes an obstruction or rebellion)。若特朗普非法援引《起義法案》(unlawfully invoke the Insurrection Act),他可能利用軍隊在國內執行驅逐議程(carry out his deportation agenda within our country’s borders),無任何正當程序或機會證明在美居留合法(prove that their presence in the U.S. is lawful),甚至證明自己是公民(that they are a citizen)。特朗普親口說,他想把美國公民驅逐到外國(deport American citizens to foreign countries)。2月4日,他說,我引用:「如果我們有合法權利這麼做,我會毫不猶豫(do it in a heartbeat)。我不知道我們能不能,我們正在研究(we’re looking at it right now)。」這是他要求國防部長和國土安全部長研究的:我能否援引《起義法案》?別誤會,這不只是移民問題(not just about immigrants),不只是剝奪移民斯卡利亞說他們應有的正當程序(denying immigrants the due process Anton Scalia said they have a right to),以免消失錯誤的人(disappear the wrong people),如特朗普政府所做;也不是因不同意公民言論(wildly disagree with what a citizen is saying)就以此為藉口讓他們消失。他在製造援引1807年《起義法案》的藉口(creating the pretext to invoke that 1807 law)。若他這麼做,當他們來抓移民並否定正當程序時(came for the immigrants and denied them due process),他試圖讓我們放棄對美國人憲法保障的承諾(surrender our commitment to the constitutional guarantees)。他說過若能,他會驅逐美國人(he would deport Americans if he could)。當總統否定某些人的正當程序(denies due process to some in America),就威脅到所有人的正當程序(threatens the due process of all)。讓我們看看4月20日會發生什麼(see what happens on April 20th)。若這位已援引《外敵法案》的總統繼續援引《起義法案》(follows through and evokes the Insurrection Act),會如何?但為何等到4月20日?現在就發聲(raise your voice now)、現在站起來(stand up now)、現在行動(do something now)、製造好的麻煩(cause some good trouble now)。讓這位總統知道,若他真這麼做(if he does ever do that),人民的聲音會響起(rising up of people’s voices),如約翰·劉易斯(John Lewis)所說的「好麻煩」(rising up of good trouble),說:「不在我的國家,這不可接受(not in my country, this is unacceptable)。」我將為迪克·德賓參議員(Senator Dick Durbin)的提問讓步,他是我的導師和朋友(mentor and friend)。我會在保留發言權的情況下讓步。謝謝。首先我想承認參議院歷史上的這一非凡時刻(extraordinary moment)。我相信你已持地板超過10小時(holding the floor now for more than 10 hours),或許還會更久。你有你的同事和朋友、康涅狄格州的墨菲參議員(Senator Murphy)加入。我很抱歉接早班(take the early morning shift),但我不想錯過這歷史時刻,不僅因其歷史性(historic nature),也因其內容(substance)。我提醒我的同事,同為參議院司法委員會(Senate Judiciary Committee)成員,就在三、四週前,我們在委員會前有證人。我問了一個問題,其中一位涉及行政日程(executive calendar)。他名叫迪恩·紹爾(Dean Sauer),來自密蘇里(Missouri),正競選美國副總檢察長(Solicitor General of the United States)。還有位女士志在成為民權助理副總檢察長(Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights),名叫迪倫(Dylan);以及亞倫·賴茨(Aaron Reitz),已被參議院批准擔任法律政策職位(legal policy position)。提問涉及我們憲法基礎(basics of our Constitution),你今天提到過:對總統的制衡是什麼(what is the check and balance on a president)?
什麼時候才夠(When is it enough)?什麼時候才夠?我讀憲法時(As I read it),我不是專家,還在學習(don’t profess to be expert, I’m still learning)。我認為,總統的問責在第二條(article two)和第三條(article three),也就是司法機構(judiciary)。最終,總統可通過國會彈劾(impeachment in Congress)或法院裁決(decision of court)被追究責任,裁定他頒布的一些命令與法律和憲法不符(inconsistent with law and the Constitution)。我們問了那些尋求司法部(Department of Justice)職位的證人一個問題:公職人員(public official)能否違抗法院命令(defy a court order)?這似乎是基本且根本的(fundamental and basic)。答案當然是「不能」(no)。但這三位證人各自以自己的方式含糊其辭(equivocated in their own ways),這引發了一個問題:如果總統不受法院命令約束(not held accountable by a court order),什麼能控制一個濫用職權(misuses their office)、損害國家(to the detriment of the nation)和人民(people who live here)的總統?我認為這是個根本問題(fundamental question)。有趣的是,你可能記得,參議院司法委員會(Senate Judiciary Committee)的共和黨同事約翰·肯尼迪參議員(Senator John Kennedy from Louisiana)聽到這些證人對公職人員能否違抗法院命令的問題含糊其辭後,對委員會說:「你們在說什麼(what are you saying)?」
答案顯而易見(obvious)。作為律師協會成員(member of the bar),你可以在適當範圍內批評法院決定(criticize a decision within the bounds of propriety),可以上訴(appeal a decision of the court)。但如果不滿意,你的出路是辭職(quit, resign, leave)。憲法有最終決定權(has the last word),法院有最終決定權(courts have the last word)。這是你今天提出的問題:美國總統的問責在哪(where is the accountability of the President of the United States)?當他濫用職權時(misuses the power of office),比如你提到的案例——《外敵法案》(alien enemies act),這法律從1807年或更早存在(since 1807 or somewhere at that time)。我認為很清楚,除非宣戰(declared a war)或被入侵(invaded),你不能援引《外敵法案》(invoke the enemies act),就像這位總統所做的那樣(as this president has done)。他正因此受到挑戰。昨天,我們的朋友、司法委員會主席格拉斯利參議員(Senator Grassley)——我說「朋友」,有些家鄉人說:「別再這麼說了,我們不跟那些人說話。」他們錯了。這是個我們應該相互交談的機構(body where we do talk to one another),有充分理由(for good reason)。他昨天提出問題:為什麼特朗普總統在法庭上頻繁受挑戰(being challenged so often in court)?
他已發出102項行政命令(102 executive orders)。我不知這是否創紀錄,但我猜是的。這102項行政命令,甚至質疑像出生公民權(birthright citizenship)這樣的基本權利。我想說的是,在特朗普明顯越界的情況下(gone too far),問責在哪(where is the accountability)?彈劾不會發生(not going to be an impeachment)。我們是現實主義者(realist),知道共和黨掌控的眾議院(Republican House of Representatives)不太可能考慮彈劾(not likely to ever consider that)。問責可能在法院(in the courts)。若訴諸法院,問題是,若法院命令違背他的政策(goes against his policy),這位總統會遵守嗎(will this president follow a court order)?
若他不遵守法院命令(won’t follow that court order),問責在哪(where is the accountability)?制衡在哪(where is the check and balance)?憲法框架在哪(where is the constitutional framework),這本應是民主的基礎(foundation of this democracy)?你提出的問題很重要,比如《起義法案》(Insurrection Act)。將軍隊用於政治目的(use of our military for political purposes)是個可怕的前景(frightening prospect)。這是我們歷史上一直避免的事(avoided throughout our history),也應繼續避免。我讚揚你提出這一點,因為這很及時(timely),就像我們問司法部提名人關於法院命令可執行性的問題一樣及時(as timely as the questions we asked of these Department of Justice nominees)。現在的問題是,美國人民會站出來說話嗎(will the American people speak up)?
我指望一些共和黨朋友站出來(counting on some of our Republican friends to speak up)。歷史上有過這樣的時刻(moments),總統黨派以外的政黨展現極大勇氣(extreme courage)、政治勇氣(political courage)並發聲。我們現在需要這樣的聲音(need that kind of voice now)。感謝你在今晨提出這點。我的問題是,在此刻(at this moment in time),當我們問這些提名人,他們會遵守還是違抗法院命令時,這不正是我們憲政民主的核心(basics of our constitutional democracy)嗎?是的,是的,是的(yes, yes, yes)。你列出這一連串問題(put forth this litany),我們得問自己:眾議院或參議院的共和黨同事什麼時候會說「夠了,夠了」(enough, enough)?
願上帝保佑約翰·肯尼迪(God bless John Kennedy),他指出了這絕對的荒謬(calling out the absolute absurd)。我參加了那場聽證會(in that hearing),政府最高職位的提名人(nominees for some of the highest positions in the administration)無法明確說他們會遵守法院命令(failing to say that they will abide by a court order)。這是我們從未聽過的(something we haven’t heard)。兩黨的提名人通常會直截了當說:「是的,我會遵守法院命令(I will follow the orders of a court)。」他們卻在含糊其辭(equivocating)。上帝保佑我的同事約翰·肯尼迪,他說這太荒謬了(that’s absurd)。你要麼服從命令,要麼辭職(you either obey the order or you resign),因為我們有憲法(we have a Constitution)。
什麼時候才夠(When is it enough)?什麼時候才夠?這是逾越節(Passover)的週、月。有一首我愛在逾越節晚餐(Pesah)唱的歌:《這就夠了》(It Would Have Been Enough)。上帝把我們從埃及救出(delivered us from Egypt),這就夠了;若他分開大海(parted the seas),這就夠了。這是那首歌的扭曲版本(twisted version)。什麼時候才夠?當美國總統第一天上任就開始卑劣行為(starts a mean coin),立即違反紀念條款(violating the monuments clause)並中飽私囊(enriching himself),這夠了嗎?當他拿走一個阻止傳染病(如埃博拉或耐藥結核病)進入的前線機構(agency on the front lines of stopping infectious diseases),這夠了嗎?
當我們在國會創建這個機構時,他無權阻止它(no right to stop that agency)。什麼時候才夠?他發行政命令(issue executive orders),踐踏這片土地的最高理想(trample on the highest ideals of this land),這夠了嗎?當他嚴重嘲弄法院成員(mocks members of the court),連現任首席大法官(current Chief Justice)都告誡他,這夠了嗎?當埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)無差別裁員(indiscriminately firing people),然後意識到「哎呀,我們需要FAA安全人員(FAA safety folks),哎呀,我們需要核監管人員(nuclear folks)」,這夠了嗎?你什麼時候會說:「好吧,我要召集聽證會(call them in and have a hearing),讓他的作為透明化(create some transparency in what he’s doing)」?當他啟動《外敵法案》(activates the alien enemies acts),開始讓人無正當程序消失(disappearing human beings without due process),這夠了嗎?
對我來說夠了(It’s enough for me),對我來說夠了。12小時了,我還在站著(standing),我依然堅強(still going strong),因為這位總統錯了(this president is wrong)。他違反了我們珍視的原則(violating principles that we hold dear),這些原則在這份文件中顯而易見(principles in this document that are so clear)。權力分配給三個分支(powers of the oracle one branch are spelled out),而他正在違反這些原則(violating them)。別只聽我的話,共和黨任命的法官(Republican-appointed judges)、民主黨任命的法官(Democrat-appointed judges)都在說這一點並阻止他(saying it and stopping him),然後他還詆毀(maligned)這樣做的法官。
什麼時候才夠(When is it enough),讓人們站出來說話(speak out),而不是盲目跟從(fall in line),把愛國主義(patriotism)置於個人之上(overall person),置於白宮裡的那個人之上(person in the White House)?所以,針對你的問題,先生,我的朋友(to my friend),抱歉在清晨這個時刻有點激動(get a little animated at this early morning hour),但我非常沮喪(so frustrated)。不僅因為這一點,我正在閱讀下一部分的國家安全(national security)故事,閱讀我們國家公民的故事(stories of our citizens of this country),不只是新澤西(not just New Jersey)。這12小時我們讀了很多(there’s a lot we’ve read in these 12 hours),全國各地的人聯繫我的辦公室(reaching out to my office)。我知道他們也聯繫了你(reaching out to yours)。你是這裡排名第二的民主黨人(second highest-ranking Democrat),我知道他們找你,因為你是正義的代表(a man that stands for justice)。我也知道他們聯繫你的辦公室(reach out to your office),因為你是理智的前哨(outposts for sanity)。在一個對越權(overstepping his authority)、違反憲法(violating the Constitution)、傷害依賴醫療保健和社會保障的人們(hurting people who rely on health care and Social Security)的行政部門過於順從的國會中(Congress that is being too complicit)。先生,閱讀這些故事(reading these stories),因為那些沒有我們百人特權的美國人聲音(voices of the Americans that don’t have the privilege of the hundred of us)無法站在這裡(don’t get to stand here)。但我相信人民的力量大於掌權者(power of the people is greater than the people in power)。這是我們民主和憲法的理想(ideals of our democracy and our Constitution)。所以我精神抖擻、準備好了(rip roaring and ready),我完全清醒(wide awake)。我會盡可能長時間站在這裡(stand here for as many hours as I can)。12小時後,我認識到我的另一位朋友,我視她為姐妹而非僅是朋友(more than a friend like a sister to me),來自紐約州(state of New York),我的鄰居。「布克參議員(Senator Booker),你會為一個問題讓步嗎(yield for a question)?」「我的姐妹,為了你?」
我會在保留發言權的情況下讓步(yield for a question while retaining the floor)。「布克參議員,我整夜都在聽這場辯論(listening to this debate all night),我得說你很激昂(you’re on fire)。你激昂是因為美國人民對正在發生的事非常非常憤怒(American people are very, very angry)。他們不滿意(not happy)。這屆政府所做的與承諾相反(contrary to what was promised),與預期相反(contrary to what was expected)。我知道我們幾分鐘後會談國家安全(national security),但我能問一個你昨晚談過的主題的問題嗎?因為這正是昨天我的選民跟我談的。我昨天在紐約,我們談到社會保障削減(cuts to Social Security)。我得說,我被一位在美國鐵路公司(Amtrak)工作的先生攔住,他說:『女士,參議員(Madam Senator),我只想感謝你保護我的社會保障(protecting my Social Security)。』這在我身上從未發生過(never happened to me before)。在美國鐵路公司從未有人攔住我,感謝我那天做的一件事。但我告訴你,布克參議員,當埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)開始裁減社會保障員工(starts firing people at Social Security),並告訴社會保障局(Social Security Administration)『你們不能接電話(you cannot answer the phone)』,會怎樣?」
我們的母親、父親、祖母、祖父該怎麼辦(What are our mothers and fathers and grandmothers and grandfathers supposed to do)?他們中有許多人無法輕鬆使用電腦(not readily available to be on a computer),無法在線提問(can’t ask the question online)。更糟的是,埃隆·馬斯克期望他們親自到社會保障辦公室(show up in person at a Social Security office)。有多少年長美國人無法再開車(not able to drive anymore)或不喜歡開車(uncomfortable driving)?
有多少年長美國人感到不舒服(feel uncomfortable),因為有樓梯(stairs)或照明不足(lighting is not good enough),而不敢搭地鐵去社會保障局(getting in the subway to get to a Social Security Administration)?這些是老年美國人面臨的挑戰(challenges that older Americans have)。我想談談你昨晚提到的社會保障風險(risk to Social Security)。社會保障是老年人的錢(our seniors’ money),不是政府的錢(not the government’s money),是他們的錢(their money)。當你讓老年人難以打電話確認支票是否在路上(make sure their check’s on the way),或支票沒到卻找不到(check never showed up and they can’t find it),會怎樣?對許多老年人來說,那張社會保障支票是他們那個月唯一的錢(only money they have for that month)。它用來買食物(pays for food),對吧?
它支付暖氣費(heating bills)、藥費(medicine)、租金(rent),支付他們生存所需的一切(everything they need to survive)。而埃隆·馬斯克的辦公室認為沒人應該接電話(doesn’t believe anybody should be answering the phones)。他是誰,敢告訴美國如何運作社會保障局(run a Social Security Administration),當我們的老年人需要這些支票時(when our seniors need those checks)?他們讓電話服務癱瘓(crippled the phone service)。聽聽這個:不能接電話(can’t answer the phone),電話服務癱瘓,你只能通過電話預約(can only make an appointment on the phone)。那你要怎麼預約去辦公室(how are you supposed to make an appointment if you are going to go in)?這太荒謬了(absurd)。他們計劃裁減7000名員工(cut 7,000 staff),這是很多人(a lot of staff)。而社會保障局的人員配置已處於50年低點(staffing is already at a 50-year low)。所以他們說這是為了效率時,他們在撒謊(lying)。他們只是想要錢(just want the money)。
他們要這些錢幹什麼?減稅(tax cuts)。給埃隆·馬斯克的億萬富翁朋友(billionaire buddies of Elon Musk)。這是下流(obscenity)、荒唐(absurdity)、暴行(outrage),每個美國人都該關心(everyone in America should be concerned)。別碰我們的社會保障(hands off our Social Security),埃隆·馬斯克和特朗普總統,別碰。他們在全國各地集會說:「別碰我的社會保障(hands off my Social Security),別碰我的醫療保險(hands off my Medicare),別碰我的醫療補助(hands off my Medicaid)。」這是暴行,我認為人們不該容忍(people should not stand for it)。因為你的社會保障支票是你辛苦賺來的錢(your hard-earned money),不是給埃隆·馬斯克玩弄(play with)、挪用(shift around)或送給他億萬富翁朋友減稅(send it to tax breaks for his billionaire friends)。我得說,我的辦公室一直在與一位有殘疾的紐約老年人密切合作(working closely with one senior)。她被告知必須在3月底前打電話給特定代表的內線(call a specific representative’s extension)。那是昨天(yesterday),她沒聯繫上這個人(didn’t get this person)。她的申請可能被拒(application could be denied)。她每天打電話,有時一天多次(called every day, sometimes more than once a day),等候4到5小時(on hold for 4 to 5 hours)只為聯繫這位代表。直到昨天我們聯繫她時,她仍未聯繫上(still not reached the representative)。全國的美國人都很恐慌(panicked)、壓力很大(stressed)、擔心(worried)拿不回辛苦賺來的退休金(won’t get their hard-earned money back)來支付所需(pay for the things that they need)。這是他們整個職業生涯繳納的錢(money they spent their entire careers paying into)。布克參議員,每次你拿到薪水(every time you get a paycheck),有一欄寫著「社會保障」(line that says Social Security),因為那錢從你薪水中扣除(taken out of your paycheck)放進社會保障(put into Social Security),為你退休時準備(there for you when you retire)。佩姬(Paige)就坐在這裡,你在繳社會保障金(paying into your Social Security)。想像這是你的第一份薪水(first paycheck),對吧?我猜這是你的第一份薪水。你把錢存進去(putting in dollars),知道這是你想存的(wanna save),這樣當你65歲時——你現在無法想像那是什麼樣子——會有保障。你在這裡工作的那天,整夜支持布克參議員(spent all night here supporting Senator Booker),那是你的退休金(your retirement)。什麼時候你該為埃隆·馬斯克拿走你的退休金而生氣(pissed off)?你應該生氣,他無權拿走(he doesn’t have any right to it)。他怎麼做?他通過裁員(cutting staff)來實現。
社會保障局最終裁減個人(cutting individuals from Social Security),這只是影響他們嗎?不,它影響整個經濟(affects the entire economy)。想像一下,如果我們所有老年人都無法拿到社會保障福利(not getting these Social Security benefits),你就不能去買雜貨(buy your groceries),不能買家中所需(buy whatever you need for your home)。商店會少賺錢(stores will get less money),這意味著經濟中的資源會減少(less resources in the economy)。如果你不知道,社會保障是我們國家最大的反貧困項目(largest anti-poverty program),它讓人們免於貧困(keeps people out of poverty)。這就是它的作用(that’s what it does)。幾十年前我們設計社會保障時(designed Social Security however many decades ago),是為了讓老年人不會死於貧困(seniors don’t die in poverty),因為當時近一半的老年人死於貧困(half of seniors were dying in poverty),他們沒夠食物維生(didn’t have enough food to live)。所以我們創建了社會保障(created Social Security)。這是最受歡迎的項目之一(one of the most popular programs),也是最有效的項目之一(most effective programs)。減少對這關鍵項目的訪問(reducing access to this key program),布克參議員,這是暴行(outrage)。它有害(harmful)、殘忍(cruel)、傷人(hurtful)。我知道這是你昨晚花了很多時間談論的話題。
但你不覺得這很殘忍嗎(don’t you think it’s cruel),不允許電話服務(not allow phone service)?你不覺得這是錯的嗎(don’t you think it’s wrong),讓人們更難拿到他們辛苦賺來的錢(make it harder for people to get access to their hard-earned money)?你不覺得這是美國人在這次選舉中沒簽署的東西嗎(something that America did not sign up for in this election)?我昨晚讀了些東西,感謝你的問題,我的朋友(my friend)。我昨晚反覆讀了來自我州和其他州的人們寫的最痛苦的信件(most painful letters),他們生活在恐懼中(living in fear),用「害怕」(terrified)這樣的詞,講述他們睡不著的故事(couldn’t sleep)。因為這位總統的言論(rhetoric of this president)、埃隆·馬斯克的言論(rhetoric of Elon Musk),稱其為龐氏騙局(calling it a Ponzi scheme),在聯席會議上撒謊(telling lies during the joint address)。然後我讀到社會保障員工的故事(stories from people that work in Social Security),他們談到沒有桌子(not having desks)、排隊等候(waiting lines)、效率低下(inefficiencies)、可怕且惡化的客戶服務(horrible, deteriorating customer service)。過去12小時,我盡力讀共和黨人的故事(stories of Republicans),是的,還有《華爾街日報》的社論(editorials from the Wall Street Journal),只是為了表明這不是黨派問題(not a partisan thing)。這不是左右之爭(left or right),而是對錯之分(right or wrong)。
這關乎我們作為一個國家是否會履行承諾(honor our commitments that we made)。我讀到獨立人士說,這計劃甚至有危險(this program is even in jeopardy)是瘋狂的(crazy)。我有個問題給你,因為我知道你今早想轉到國家安全議題(national security issues)。我會在保留發言權的情況下讓步一個問題(yield for a question while retaining the floor)。謝謝你,布克參議員。另一件讓我選民壓力大的事,是我週末談到的航空安全(air safety)。他們對聯邦航空局(FAA)的削減非常緊張(stressed out about these cuts to the FAA)。離這裡不遠有過飛機墜毀(plane crash),直升機墜毀(helicopter crash),機上所有人罹難(everyone on the helicopter perished)。我們讀到全國各地關於飛行安全的報導(stories across the country about flight safety),幾乎天天有碰撞危機(near collisions all the time)。紐約布法羅的科爾根空難(Colgan air crash in Buffalo)很可怕,這幾年我認識了那些家庭,他們一起推動立法確保飛行員安全(pilot safety)。但我觀察到,這屆政府似乎不在乎(don’t seem to care)。他們編造了一個想法,認為全面裁減是必要的(cuts across the board are necessary),為了消除預算中的欺詐和浪費(get rid of fraud and waste in the budget)。我同意我們可以讓政府更有效率(make government more efficient),但方法是了解每個機構的功能(learn what each of these agencies do)、研究現狀(study what’s happening in them)、提高效率(make them more efficient)、確保雇佣適當人數(right number of personnel)、提供適當培訓(right training)、消除浪費項目(no wasteful programs)。這才是好政府(good government)。這不是埃隆·馬斯克和他的道奇團隊(dodge boys)在做的。他們只是為了給億萬富翁朋友減稅(tax cuts for their billionaire buddies)而裁減一切(cutting everything)。這真可恥(disgraceful),我不理解。
過去兩個月——不是兩個月,是最近兩個月(past two, not 2 months)——我們看到全國機場可怕的事故和未遂事件(horrifying accidents and near misses)。上週五在DCA(華盛頓里根國家機場)又一次險情(close call)。這些事故多因FAA長期人手不足(chronic understaffing)和過時技術(antiquated technologies)造成。但特朗普政府上台第一件事不是解決問題,而是裁人(fire people)。他像是困在《學徒》(The Apprentice)的循環裡:「你被炒了,你被炒了(you’re fired, you’re fired)。」我不懂。好政府很重要,我支持效率(support efficiency),但他們不是這麼做的。他們像在玩權力遊戲(power trip),想全面裁員(fire everybody across the board)。法院強迫FAA重新雇用工人(court forced the FAA to rehire workers),感謝法院(thank God for the courts),感謝法官們履行職責(judges doing their jobs)、適當審視訴訟(looking at these lawsuits appropriately)。但許多聯邦員工已轉行(moved on and found new jobs),因為這些是高技能、高需求的員工(highly skilled, highly sought-after employees),我們真希望他們在聯邦政府工作以保障國家安全(keep our country safe)。就在幾週前,華盛頓一場可怕的空難(horrific plane crash)造成67人死亡後,政府裁減數百名FAA員工(fired hundreds of Federal Aviation Administration employees),危害公共安全(jeopardizing public safety)、威脅國家安全(threatening our national security)。這毫無道理,緊接著我們目睹的可怕事故之後。
現在,美國90%以上的機場塔台缺乏足夠的空中交通管制員(don’t have enough air traffic controllers)。其他航空安全人員(aviation safety personnel)如安全檢查員(safety inspectors)和機械師(mechanics)也嚴重短缺,這些人確保我們登機時飛機準備就緒(planes ready to go)。紐約長島兩處設施近40%的職位空缺(nearly 40% of positions are unfilled),這些設施負責紐瓦克(Newark,我們共享的機場)、甘迺迪(JFK)和拉瓜迪亞(LaGuardia)的空中交通管制。因此,過去幾年,美國未遂事件的數量大幅且令人擔憂地增加(substantial and alarming increase in the number of near misses)。根據《紐約時報》(New York Times)2023年的分析,商業航空公司的險情平均每週多次發生(occurred on average multiple times each week),重大空中交通管制失誤比前一年增加65%(significant air traffic control lapses increased 65% over the previous year)。
他們說增加的主要原因是什麼(What did they cite as the major reason behind the increase)?空中交通管制員短缺(shortage of air traffic controllers)。雖然特朗普政府聲稱(claims)沒有裁減關鍵的空中交通管制員或安全人員(no air traffic controllers or critical safety personnel were fired),我們知道被裁的許多人在維護空中交通管制基礎設施(maintaining our air traffic control infrastructure)中扮演重要角色(play an essential role)。其他人負責維護導航、著陸和雷達系統(navigational landing and radar systems)。我們也知道,安全檢查員(safety inspectors)、系統專家(system specialists)、維修機械師(maintenance mechanics)都受影響,至少一名被裁員工在FAA的國防項目(national defense program)工作,保護我們的領空免受敵方無人機、導彈、飛機和武器的威脅(protects our airspace from enemy drones, missiles, aircraft used as weapons)。我也想談談那些導彈和無人機。我真的想跟你聊聊你的想法,這裡沒有一個計劃(we don’t have a plan)。新澤西有入侵(incursions in New Jersey),紐約同時也有(incursions in New York)。我們無法保證這些無人機不是由中國、俄羅斯、伊朗或其他敵對勢力(adversary)出於邪惡目的操作(operated for a nefarious purpose)。我們得查清楚(get to the bottom of this),這是你我一直在質疑政府作為(questioning the administration)時站在最前線的問題。所以我的問題是:為什麼政府解雇這些工人(fire these workers),如此輕易放手(part with them)?誰將繼續履行這些職責(perform these duties going forward)?做了什麼風險分析(risk analysis)以確保這不會讓飛行更不安全(won’t make flying less safe)?
一個多月前,2月20日,我在信中向運輸部長(Secretary of Transportation)提出這些問題。他們的回應是什麼?我們不知道(we don’t know)。他們沒回信(haven’t answered my letter)。他們不願讓參議院參與實際的政策和決定(engage the Senate in policy and decisions),以保障我們州的安全(keep our state safe)。更糟的是,我們不知這是否結束(where it ends),或是否還有更多削減(more reductions are coming),更多影響FAA安全的削減。現在道奇(dodge)所謂的舉措(initiative)是胡說八道(BS)。他們不先做分析(don’t do the analysis first),就直接裁減(make the cuts)。我們需要部長和代理FAA局長(acting FAA administrator)回應國會的問題和監督(responsive to Congress’s questions and oversight)。美國人民理應有一個致力於保護我們的聯邦航空機構(dedicated to actually doing the job of protecting us)。特朗普政府需立即採取措施(take immediate steps),解決整個FAA的人員短缺(address FAA staffing shortages across the entire agency),不只是空中交通管制員。所以,布克參議員,我想問的問題是,對於你的州,新澤西(for your state, for New Jersey),他們怎麼想(what are they thinking)?他們如何接收這些信息(how do they receive this information)?當他們讀到無人機入侵你們的軍火庫(drone incursions over one of your arsenals)或敏感軍事基地(sensitive military bases)時,他們說什麼?他們對FAA裁員有什麼看法(cutting staff to the FAA)?當他們看到這些墜機信息(crashes)時?我知道我的選民很緊張(pretty stressed out about it)。他們不明白為什麼有人要這麼做(making these cuts)。「為什麼」(why)是最重要的問題。這不是為了效率(not for efficiency),不是為了消除浪費(get rid of the fat)或欺詐(fraud)。我從未聽過FAA有欺詐或浪費的指控(never heard an allegation)。他們一直人手不足(understaffed forever)。他們在目的上撒謊(lying about the purpose)。那目的是什麼(what is the purpose)?他們要拿這些錢做什麼,布克參議員(what are they going to do with that money, Senator Booker)?我想知道。我非常感激這一點(appreciate this more than you know)。你的整個問題中有一條線(line threaded throughout your entire question),關於他們處理眾多機構的方式(way they’re going about doing this from so many agencies)。首先,他們試圖消滅某些機構,比如教育部(Department of Education),這是他們無法合法做的(can’t legally do)。還有美國國際開發署(USAID),他們也無法合法做(can’t legally do)。這是我們第一條款分支(article one branch of government)創建的。但對於其他機構,如社會保障(Social Security),你開始談到的地方,我們知道這是「準備、開火、瞄準」(ready, fire, aim),其實瞄準的部分從未發生(aim part never happens)。他們在一個接一個機構中野蠻裁員(savagely cutting personnel)。成千上萬的老年人已經在寫信抱怨服務被削弱(undermining of service)。我們昨晚讀了《華爾街日報》(Wall Street Journal)。
《華爾街日報》說,社會保障的客戶服務從壞變得更糟(going from bad to worse),描繪了讓老年人陷入危機的可怕畫面(horrific pictures that are putting seniors in crisis),更不用說關閉農村地區的社會保障中心(closing of Social Security centers in rural areas),人們現在得開幾小時車(drive hours and hours)。FAA是最早的暴行之一(one of the early outrages),他們雇人後發現需要這些人,又試圖找方法召回一些人(tried to find some way to pull some of them back)。你我都知道他們如何談論政府員工(way they talk about government workers),其中很大一部分是退伍軍人(large percentage of them are veterans),他們如何貶低和羞辱他們(demean and degrade them),指責他們是腐敗、欺詐或浪費的一部分(parts of corruption, fraud, or fat)。但我們讀到的這些人的故事卻是非凡的(extraordinary)。所以你的問題引出了很多國家安全議題(national security issues)。我要轉到這部分(bridge to that),因為你我都對我們在入侵事件(incursions)中得不到足夠信息感到非常憤怒(really incense)。我想開始像其他部分一樣做的事——閱讀(reading),在這個講台上提升我們國家人民的聲音(elevating on this floor the voices of people from our country),試圖讓更多聲音被聽到(elevate more the voices),讓人們知道:我們看到你(we see you),我們聽到你(we hear you),你的憤怒(outrage)、傷痛(hurt)、恐懼(fears)有價值(they have value)。在你開始讀信前,我有另一個問題(another question before you start your letters)。布克參議員,如果你願意回答另一個問題(entertain another question)。若你讓步,我會在保留發言權的情況下提問。好吧,因為你要進入國家安全部分(national security section),我想給你幾個問題來豐富你的回答(pepper your answers)。我在參議院情報特別委員會(Special Committee on Intelligence)和軍事委員會(Armed Services Committee)任職。國家安全是紐約人深切關心的領域(New Yorkers care deeply about),過去15年我一直在關注如何保持國家安全(keep this country safe)和我們該做什麼。我從紐約人那裡收到很多關於這議題的問題(questions from New Yorkers)。我希望你一定談談無人機問題(drone issue),因為這是你我自從看到這些入侵以來持續努力的(working on continuously)。為可能在聽這場辯論的紐約人提供更多背景,我們長期以來有無人機入侵敏感軍事地點(drone incursions over sensitive military sites),我在情報委員會上以兩黨合作方式處理這問題(working on a bipartisan basis)。有些入侵每晚反覆發生(every night over and over again),針對敏感軍事基地(sensitive military bases)。蘭利(Langley)上空有過,新澤西的軍火庫(arsenals in New Jersey)、紐約的敏感地點、全國的軍事基地都有過。我不喜歡聽到「我們知道大多數是FAA交通(mostly FAA traffic)」的回答。我不喜歡從這屆政府或任何政府聽到這話,因為這不是真的(not true)。有些無人機目擊是飛機(planes)、直升機(helicopters)、氣象氣球(weather balloons)或愛好者(enthusiasts),但他們不知道是否全部如此(do not know if all are)。在特定入侵中,他們不知道來源(origin)、誰擁有(whose they are)、誰操作(who is operating them)、目的何在(purpose of these drones)。這些無人機可能在間諜活動(spying)、策劃攻擊(planning attacks)或任何邪惡目的(anything nefarious)。我們沒根據說「全都知道,不用擔心」(all known and we are not concerned)。我們要查清楚(get to the bottom of this)。我很憤怒(incensed about it)。這讓我們的人員和機密不安全(does not leave our personnel as safe, does not leave our secrets safe)。無人機是一問題。第二個問題,若你能在國家安全方面談談網絡安全(cyber security)和選舉安全(election security)。道奇團隊(dodge boys)做的削減之一,我完全不明白為何這麼做(cannot understand why they would ever do this)。這讓我們更弱(making us weaker)、更不安全(less safe)、對美國不利(not good for America),顯示這過程多麼不明智(ill-advised)、無知(uninformed)、不真誠(insincere)。這不是關於浪費(waste)、欺詐(fraud)或好政府(good government),而是為了億萬富翁減稅(tax breaks for billionaires),他們想把你的稅金(your tax dollars)、紐約人的稅金(New Yorkers’ tax dollars)、新澤西的稅金(New Jersey tax dollars)拿去給億萬富翁減稅。好吧?
果你的社會保障金沒到(social security didn’t arrive),你需要幫助,該怎麼拿到那張支票(how are you supposed to get that check)?除非他們知道支票沒按時寄到(didn’t show up with the mail like it’s supposed to),否則無法發新支票(can’t issue you a new one)。最終從社會保障中裁減個人(cutting individuals from Social Security),不只影響他們,還影響整個經濟(affects the entire economy)。想像一下,如果所有老年人拿不到社會保障福利(not getting these Social Security benefits),你就不能買雜貨(go buy your groceries),不能買家中所需(buy whatever you need for your home)。商店收入減少(stores will get less money),經濟資源也會減少(less resources in the economy)。社會保障是我們國家最大的反貧困項目(largest anti-poverty program),它讓人們免於貧困(keeps people out of poverty)。幾十年前我們設計社會保障(designed Social Security),是為了讓老年人不會死於貧困(seniors don’t die in poverty),因為當時近半數老年人貧困致死(half of seniors were dying in poverty),他們沒夠食物維生(didn’t have enough food to live)。這是最受歡迎、最有效的項目之一(one of the most popular programs, one of the most effective programs)。減少這關鍵項目的可及性(reducing access to this key program),布克參議員,這是暴行(outrage),有害(harmful)、殘忍(cruel)、傷人(hurtful)。我知道你昨晚花了很多時間談這個。
但你不覺得這很殘忍嗎(don’t you think it’s cruel),不提供電話服務(not allow phone service)?你不覺得這是錯的嗎(don’t you think it’s wrong),讓人們更難拿到辛苦賺來的錢(harder for people to get access to their hard-earned money)?你不覺得這是美國人在這次選舉中沒同意的嗎(something that America did not sign up for in this election)?謝謝你的問題,我的朋友。我昨晚讀了許多痛苦的信件(most painful letters),來自我州和其他州的人們,他們生活在恐懼中(living in fear),用「害怕」(terrified)這樣的詞,說他們睡不著(couldn’t sleep)。因為總統的言論(rhetoric of this president)、埃隆·馬斯克的言論(rhetoric of Elon Musk),稱其為龐氏騙局(Ponzi scheme),在聯席會議上撒謊(telling lies during the joint address)。社會保障員工的故事提到沒桌子(not having desks)、排隊(waiting lines)、效率低下(inefficiencies)、惡化的客戶服務(deteriorating customer service)。我這12小時盡力讀共和黨人的故事(stories of Republicans)、《華爾街日報》的社論(editorials from the Wall Street Journal),顯示這不是黨派問題(not a partisan thing),不是左右之爭(left or right),而是對錯之分(right or wrong)。
這關乎我們是否履行承諾(honor our commitments)。獨立人士說這計劃有危險(this program is even in jeopardy)是瘋狂的。我知道你要轉到國家安全議題(national security issues),我會在保留發言權下讓步。謝謝,布克參議員。我週末談到的另一件讓選民壓力大的事是航空安全(air safety)。他們對FAA裁減很緊張(stressed out about these cuts to the FAA)。直升機墜毀(helicopter crash)近在咫尺,所有人罹難(everyone perished)。全國報導飛行安全問題(flight safety),幾乎天天有險情(near collisions)。布法羅的科爾根空難(Colgan air crash in Buffalo)很可怕,我認識那些家庭,他們推動立法確保飛行員安全(pilot safety)。但這屆政府似乎不在乎(don’t seem to care),認為全面裁減必要(cuts across the board are necessary),要消除欺詐和浪費(fraud and waste)。我同意政府可更有效率(make government more efficient),但要研究每個機構的功能(learn what each of these agencies do)、提升效率(make them more efficient)、雇佣適當人數(right number of personnel)、提供培訓(right training)、消除浪費(no wasteful programs)。這不是馬斯克和他的道奇團隊(dodge boys)在做的。他們裁減一切是為億萬富翁減稅(tax cuts for their billionaire buddies),真可恥(disgraceful)。
過去兩個月(past two months),我們看到全國機場事故和未遂事件(horrifying accidents and near misses)。上週五在DCA又有險情(close call)。FAA長期人手不足(chronic understaffing)和技術過時(antiquated technologies)是原因。但特朗普政府上台第一件事是裁人(fire people),像《學徒》裡的循環(loop of The Apprentice):你被炒了(you’re fired)。我不懂。好政府重要,我支持效率(support efficiency),但他們像在玩權力遊戲(power trip),全面裁員(fire everybody)。法院強迫FAA重新雇人(rehire workers),感謝法院(thank God for the courts)。但許多員工已轉行(moved on),因為這些高技能員工(highly skilled)是我們需要的(want working in the federal government)。華盛頓空難(horrific plane crash)67人死亡後,政府裁減數百名FAA員工(fired hundreds),危害公共安全(jeopardizing public safety)、威脅國家安全(threatening national security)。90%以上的機場塔台缺空中交通管制員(don’t have enough air traffic controllers),安全檢查員(safety inspectors)、機械師(mechanics)也短缺。紐約長島兩處設施40%職位空缺(nearly 40% unfilled),影響紐瓦克(Newark)、JFK、拉瓜迪亞(LaGuardia)。未遂事件大幅增加(alarming increase),2023年《紐約時報》分析顯示,每週多次險情(multiple times each week),空中交通管制失誤增65%(increased 65%)。
他們說增加的主要原因是什麼(major reason)?空中交通管制員短缺(shortage of air traffic controllers)。政府聲稱沒裁關鍵人員(no critical safety personnel were fired),但被裁的人在維護空中交通管制基礎設施(air traffic control infrastructure)、導航、著陸、雷達系統(navigational landing and radar systems)中至關重要。安全檢查員、系統專家、機械師受影響,一名被裁員工在FAA國防項目(national defense program)工作,保護領空免受敵方無人機、導彈、飛機威脅(enemy drones, missiles, aircraft)。我想談無人機問題(drones),因為我們沒計畫(don’t have a plan)。新澤西(New Jersey)、紐約有入侵(incursions)。我們無法保證這些無人機不是中國、俄羅斯、伊朗或其他敵對勢力(adversary)操作的(nefarious purpose)。這是你我一直在追問政府的事(questioning the administration)。為什麼解雇這些工人(fire these workers),誰來履行職責(perform these duties),做了什麼風險分析(risk analysis)確保飛行安全(won’t make flying less safe)?
我2月20日問運輸部長(Secretary of Transportation),一個多月沒回信(haven’t answered my letter)。他們不願讓參議院參與保障安全的政策(engage the Senate in policy)。我們不知是否還有更多裁減(more reductions)。道奇的舉措是胡扯(BS),不先分析就裁(don’t do the analysis first)。部長和代理FAA局長(acting FAA administrator)需回應國會(responsive to Congress’s questions)。美國人民理應有個保護我們的FAA。特朗普政府需立即解決FAA人員短缺(address FAA staffing shortages),不只是空中交通管制員。布克參議員,我想問:新澤西人怎麼想(what are they thinking)?他們如何接收這些信息(receive this information)?讀到無人機入侵軍火庫(drone incursions over one of your arsenals)、敏感軍事基地(sensitive military bases),他們說什麼?對FAA裁員(cutting staff to the FAA)有何看法?看到墜機信息(crashes)時?我的選民很緊張(stressed out)。他們不明白為什麼裁減(why someone’s making these cuts)。「為什麼」(why)最重要。這不是效率(not for efficiency)、不是消除浪費(not to get rid of the fat)或欺詐(fraud),我沒聽過FAA有欺詐或浪費的指控(never heard an allegation)。他們一直人手不足(understaffed forever)。他們在目的上撒謊(lying about the purpose)。目的是什麼(what is the purpose)?他們要拿錢幹什麼(what are they going to do with that money)?我想知道。我很感激,你的問題貫穿一條線(line threaded throughout),關於他們如何處理眾多機構(way they’re going about doing this)。他們試圖消滅教育部(Department of Education)、USAID,這是非法的(can’t legally do)。這是第一條款分支(article one branch)創建的。但對社會保障等機構,他們是「準備、開火、瞄準」(ready, fire, aim),瞄準從未發生(aim part never happens)。他們野蠻裁員(savagely cutting personnel),老年人已抱怨服務削弱(undermining of service)。《華爾街日報》說客戶服務從壞變糟(going from bad to worse),描繪老年人危機(putting seniors in crisis),農村社會保障中心關閉(closing of Social Security centers),人們得開幾小時車。
這些裁減(these cuts)裁掉了所有或主要人員,在一個叫CISA(Sissa)的機構負責選舉安全(election security)。與各州合作確保選舉系統不被黑客入侵的人被解雇(fired those people)。他們解雇了國防部(Department of Defense)最有經驗的將軍(most experienced generals)、參謀長聯席會議成員(Joint Chiefs of Staff),沒給出實質理由(no substantive reason)。這些高級人員避免戰爭(keep us from wars),有判斷力和經驗建議總統(advise the president)、國會(Congress)、我們如何保持安全(keep us safe)。他們還裁了律師(lawyers)。記得莎士比亞的戲嗎(Shakespeare play)?「第一件事是殺光律師」(The first thing we do is kill all the lawyers)。那是在政變(coup)的背景下。莎士比亞幾百年前說,若要政變,先殺律師。他們解雇了所有律師——國防部高級律師(senior lawyers)、知道如何保護我們的將軍(generals who know how to keep us safe)、CISA負責選舉干預的人員(personnel responsible for election interference)、FBI負責選舉干預的人(people of the FBI responsible for election interference)。這些裁減毫無道理(make no sense)。這不會讓我們更安全(not making us more safe),而是更不安全(making us less safe),因為你解雇了知道自己在做什麼(know what they’re doing)、致力於保護我們的人(dedicated to keeping us safe)。
這會讓我們更安全嗎(Does it make us safer)?布克參議員,你對我提出的話題有什麼看法(what do you think)?具體是無人機(drones)、裁減選舉保護人員(election protection personnel)、CISA、將軍(generals)、國防部高級律師(senior lawyers)、FBI選舉干預專家(expert at election interfering)?這些是最聰明、最有能力、最資深的人員(smartest, most capable, most sophisticated senior personnel),幫助我們保持國家安全(keep this country safe)。我想聽聽你從新澤西聽到的(what you’re hearing from your state)、你對這魯莽的國家安全方式的看法(reckless approach to national security)。我很感激我同事、朋友的問題。我想讓大家知道,我來這裡吃過的最好晚餐可能是與紐約參議員(senator from New York),她給了我如何在參議院做事(get things done in this body)的快速指南。我看她兩黨合作(work on both sides)、不懈努力(relentlessly),幫助我們地區的人——從911急救人員(first responders)獲得醫療保障(health care)、支持軍隊(support the military)、反對軍中性侵(fight against sexual assault in the military)。她是非凡人物之一(phenomenal people)。她的問題,包括國家安全,我們會談到。俄羅斯策略之一(strategies of Russia)是攻擊民主國家的選舉(attack elections of other democracies),製造不和(sew discord)、破壞投票過程(undermine the voting process)。特朗普政府撤走了司法部(DOJ)和其他地方專職對抗外國選舉干預的人(fight against foreign election interference)。總統負責國家安全,卻不解決你問題中的議題,這怎麼可能(how can we have a nation)?我想開始讀幾封選民信。我們想回顧移民問題,因為我的同事、朋友、參議院領導伙伴蒂娜·史密斯(Tina Smith)在這裡。但我要先讀信,因為12小時前我說過,我們要繼續提升人民的聲音(elevate the voices of people out there)。這封信來自新澤西(from someone from New Jersey)。
「親愛的布克參議員,我寫信表達對國家現狀和即將到來的憲法危機缺乏回應的深切關注(deep concern regarding the current state of our nation and the lack of response to the looming constitutional crisis)。我們越來越難忽視總統經常撒謊(routinely lies)、提出荒唐建議的行為,如吞並格陵蘭、墨西哥、巴拿馬,甚至重新命名墨西哥灣(annexing Greenland, Mexico, and Panama, or even renaming the Gulf of Mexico)。這些提議不僅損害我們的國際地位(undermine our international standing),也對國家基礎不敬(disrespect the foundations of our country)。我對新聞自由日益受威脅感到震驚(alarmed by the growing threat to press freedom)。例如,美聯社(Associated Press)僅因提到『墨西哥灣』(Gulf of Mexico)而非『美國灣』(Gulf of America),就被禁止進入白宮新聞室(barred from the White House press room)。這清楚顯示總統無視言論自由和新聞自由(disregard for free speech and free press),新聞應監督權力(press’s role in holding power to account)。總統正積極踐踏憲法(trampling the Constitution),公然無視法治(blatantly ignoring the rule of law)。正如吉爾·布朗參議員(Senator Jill Brown)所說,他大幅削減重要聯邦機構和救災項目(slash vital federal agencies and disaster relief programs),削弱國家應對危機的能力(undermining our nation’s capacity to respond to crises)。他任命不合格的人擔任高位,只為執行他的意願(appoint unqualified individuals to high positions for the purpose of following his will),這是民主制度被系統性削弱的另一例證(systematically weakened)。他在外交政策上的魯莽和不負責任(reckless and irresponsible approach to foreign policy)讓世界更危險。他堅持將俄羅斯入侵歸咎於烏克蘭(blaming Ukraine for Russia’s invasion),這場持續的戰爭不僅歷史錯誤(historically inaccurate),還嚴重損害我們的盟友和全球穩定(deeply damaging to our allies and global stability)。更糟的是,他的政府考慮所謂的『和平解決方案』(peace settlements),完全排除烏克蘭參與(exclude Ukraine from the process),讓俄羅斯單方面決定條件(allowing Russia to dictate terms without any Ukrainian input)。這背叛了我們對主權和民主的承諾(betray our commitments to sovereignty and democracy),助長全球獨裁政權(embolden authoritarian regimes worldwide)。在國內,他的議程具破壞性(destructive)。他的政府試圖退出USAID(withdrawal from USAID),這長期指導全球人道主義和發展努力,服務美國海外利益(served U.S. interests abroad)。在國內,他讓像馬斯克這樣的科技億萬富翁拿著鏈鋸砍政府機構(take a chainsaw to government agencies),武斷解散提供核心公共服務的機構(arbitrarily dismantling institutions)。他攻擊NIH及其資金(attacks on the NIH and its funding),危及關鍵醫療研究和公共衛生計劃(jeopardize critical medical research and public health initiatives),純粹出於意識形態原因(purely ideological reasons)。他對最親密盟友的態度魯莽且令人尷尬(reckless and embarrassing),對加拿大的嘲弄(taunting of Canada)——無論是煽動性言論(inflammatory rhetoric)還是政策輕視(policy snubs)——削弱外交關係(weakens our diplomatic ties),無視與鄰國保持強大關係的重要性(disregards the importance of maintaining strong relationships)。這種短視的國際關係方式正孤立美國(isolating the U.S.),在全球合作比以往更關鍵的時刻(global cooperation is more critical than ever)。然而,我最大的挫折是我們的代表和州長缺乏行動(lack of action from our representatives and governors)。太多人因害怕總統的獨裁策略而退縮(cowering in fear of the president’s authoritarian tactics)。我對沒有反擊感到不安(troubled by the absence of pushback)。我們目睹制衡侵蝕(erosion of checks and balances),後果可能嚴重(consequences could be dire)。我對緬因州州長珍妮特·米爾斯(Janet Mills)反對總統命令感到振奮(heartened)。不幸的是,他的回應是威脅她的政治前途(threat to her political future),進一步證明恐嚇策略(intimidation tactics)。我懇求你,布克參議員,展現道德勇氣(show some moral courage),採取有意義行動(meaningful action)對抗這對民主日益增長的威脅(growing threat to our democracy)。請告訴我你如何應對這情況(how you are responding),你採取什麼措施捍衛憲法和法治(steps you are taking to defend our Constitution and the rule of law)。謝謝你的時間。我期待你的回覆(look forward to hearing from you),希望在清晨近8點(almost 8 o’clock),你正在聽,因為我聽到你(I hear you)、看到你(I see you)。我站在這裡,部分是因為像你這樣的信(letters like yours)。這不是正常時期(not normal times)。我們必須像約翰·劉易斯(John Lewis)說的,惹上『好麻煩』(get in good trouble)、『必要麻煩』(necessary trouble)。我想再讀一封選民信,看看這人從哪來。我不想違反隱私(violate the privacy),因為我的員工不希望我這樣做。
威斯康星州(Wisconsin)這裡得到很多愛(getting a lot of love)。我一直看到兩個城鎮的人,一個在你州(your state),一個在賓夕法尼亞州(Pennsylvania)。但這人來自新澤西(enjoys it)。「我寫信請你盡全力解決國家衛生研究所(National Institute of Health)和USAID的資金問題。我在普林斯頓大學(Princeton University)從事資訊技術工作(information technology),親眼見證資金終止的破壞(destruction, destructive termination of funds),影響研究和教育(causing the research and education)。我們正在失去研究動力(losing the momentum of research),造成教育資源的深遠損失(deep and lasting loss of educational resources)。NIH和國家科學基金會(National Science Foundation)為基礎研究和應用課題提供資金(basic research as well as applied topics)。這研究的益處將長期存在(long-lasting),中斷的成本很高(cost of disruption will be very high)。同樣,USAID的中斷是悲劇(tragic)。我女兒在一個與USAID合作的組織工作,致力於氣候緩解和適應(climate mitigation and adaptation)。特朗普政府的行動讓她失去工作保障(lost job security)。她在埃塞俄比亞(Ethiopia)、肯亞(Kenya)等地的工作因資金不足將中斷(disrupted due to lack of funding)。感謝你的領導(leadership as our senator)。我為你和我們的新參議員安迪·金(Andy Kim)代表我感到驕傲(proud to be represented by you)。我們國家的前景偉大(promise of our country is great),但我們必須重新定義目標(redefine our purpose),想像新未來(imagine a new future)。你的經驗和知識對國家成功至關重要(critical to our country’s success)。」我再讀兩封,然後轉給同事。這封很短:「我寫信表達對白宮混亂和無法無天的擔憂(chaos and lawlessness coming out of the White House)。USAID必須恢復(must be restored)。請用權力恢復美國的民主(restore democracy)。這不是民主的樣子(not what democracy looks like)。謝謝。」這是新澤西人。還有一封。作為USAID外交服務官員(foreign service officer)的家長,最近在烏克蘭(Ukraine),現於肯亞(Kenya),我對馬斯克在總統授權下發動的政變(coup now being staged by Elon Musk)感到憤怒和恐懼(outraged and horrified)。在為美國利益冒生命危險後被稱為罪犯(called criminal),本身就是犯罪行為的受害者(victim of criminal-like behavior)。我見過中國在非洲建的美麗道路和鐵路(beautiful roads and railroads in Africa built by Chinese)。特朗普一舉將這大陸交給中國和俄羅斯(given that continent to the Chinese and the Russians)。多年前,他取消太平洋自由貿易協定(Pacific free trade pact),放棄我們的權力和善意(forfeiting our power and goodwill),讓中國成為地區最大玩家(largest player in the region)。我見過菲律賓、喬治亞等地路人眼中的善意(goodwill in the eyes of passersby),現在聽到它變成敵意(turned to hostility)。想想加拿大體育迷噓我們的國歌(sports fans in Canada booing our national anthem),想想因USAID治療計劃突然停止(abruptly stopped),還有疫苗和疾病防治計劃(vaccination programs and programs for stopping diseases)如埃博拉(Ebola)、猴痘(monkeypox)、出血熱(hemorrhagic fever),將死於艾滋病的嬰兒(infants that will now die from AIDS)。這些疾病會隨90天工作停頓回家(come home with even a 90-day pause)。我們會失去工作、租金,有些人永不回來(never will return)。藥品冷藏有風險(refrigeration of medicines will be at risk),診所和辦公室將不可用(become unavailable)。矮胖子不會很快復原(Humpty Dumpty will not be quickly put back together again)。特朗普想做的事最終需國會批准(need approval of Congress)。我敦促你反對他的每項提議和任命(fight every one of his proposals and appointments),盡可能減緩立法進程(slow the legislative process)。請。我希望特朗普失去多數(lose his majority)。謝謝關注。我願以任何方式服務,糾正這些錯誤(write these wrongs)。我愛選民不只指出問題,而是站起來說:『我願服務(I will be in service)。告訴我如何幫忙(let me know how I can help)。』今晚你的聲音有幫助(your voice is helping tonight),談這些問題有幫助(speaking to these issues is helping tonight)。我知道我參議院的同事在這裡。她有問題。我會在保留發言權下讓步(yield while retaining the floor)。總統先生,明尼蘇達參議員(senator from Minnesota)。
謝謝,總統先生。感謝新澤西同事讓步提問(yielding for a question)。我想先感謝我參議院最親密的朋友之一(one of my dearest friends in the Senate),感謝你用如此有力的聲音(using his voice in such a powerful way),在你持參議院發言權的許多小時裡(holding the Senate floor)。我很了解你,知道你不是因為相信自己聲音的力量(belief in the power of your voice)而這麼做,而是因為你相信你整夜放大的所有聲音的力量(power of all the voices that you’ve been amplifying),相信數百萬美國人的重要性(importance of the millions of Americans),他們對政府作為感到害怕(frightened)、擔憂(concerned)、震驚(horrified),想知道有人在為他們而戰(fighting for them)、傾聽他們(listening to them)。你今晚讀這些信的方式(reading these letters today and all through the night),布克參議員,是對你對這些美國人尊重的致敬(tribute to your respect)。我很感激。我想問一個與你話題相關的問題(related to what you’ve been talking about)。我同意,這不是正常時期(not normal times)。作為民選官員,我們有責任發聲(speak up)、反擊政府濫權(fight back against the abuses and overreach of this administration)、提升我們的聲音(raise up our voices)、提升選民的聲音(raise up the voices of our constituents),他們既害怕又憤怒(frightened and furious)。我的問題關於特朗普政府最近的移民行動(recent actions regarding immigration),分三部分。
首先,我們都同意美國當前移民系統已破敗(current immigration system is broken),對誰都不好用(not working well for anyone)。對依賴全球人才的企業(American businesses that depend on a global talent pool)、想與親人團聚的家庭(families who want to reunite with their loved ones)、尋求庇護相信自由女神像承諾的人(those who seek refuge from persecution and believe in the promises carved into the Statue of Liberty),都不好用。作為明尼蘇達參議員(senator from Minnesota),我們的肉類加工業依賴移民勞工(meat processing sector relies so much on immigrant labor),明尼蘇達大學(University of Minnesota)是國際學生學習科技和農業的燈塔(beacon for international students studying science and technology and agriculture),北部湖邊度假村(resorts in Minnesota)靠全國各地的人運營小型家庭旅館(mom-and-pop 12-cabin operations),製造商依賴全球最優秀的人才(best and brightest from all over the world)服務我們的經濟。我和新澤西同事知道,參議院有過認真的兩黨移民改革嘗試(real and serious bipartisan attempts at comprehensive immigration reform)。我可能不同意所有提議(might not agree with everything),你可能也一樣,但我們都堅信移民值得真正辯論和政策解決方案(merits real debate and real policy solutions)。今早在這裡的同事,康涅狄格的墨菲參議員(Senator Murphy from Connecticut),努力尋找兩黨解決方案(real bipartisan solutions)。全面移民改革需確保國家安全(ensure our national security),為想貢獻美國夢的移民提供公平可行途徑(fair and workable path),這才是國家偉大的根源(what truly makes this country great)。但問題在於,特朗普政府的行動表明,他們對認真的政策改革不感興趣(not interested in serious policy reforms),這些改革能讓美國更安全、更有效公平地運作移民系統。相反,這位總統優先將移民系統作為工具,限制第一修正案自由(restrict First Amendment freedoms)、顛覆正當程序(subvert due process)、削弱美國與盟友及地區伙伴的全球地位(further weaken America’s global standing),模仿他公開讚賞的獨裁政權(emulate the authoritarian regimes he so openly admires)。
例如,最近幾週,多名國際學生因支持巴勒斯坦(Pro-Palestinian advocacy)被逮捕和驅逐(targeted for arrest and deportation)。這些年輕人遵守規則(played by all the rules),持許可進入美國深造(entered this country with permission),未被指控任何罪行(not accused of or charged with any criminal activity)。他們對加沙戰爭的看法(views on the war in Gaza)可能與我或其他人大相徑庭,但我相信第一修正案(First Amendment)保障他們表達觀點的權利(guarantees them the right to express those views),不受政府懲罰或報復(without facing punishment or reprisal)。然而,特朗普政府承認他們正這麼做(admitted that they are doing exactly that),懲罰合法移民(lawfully present immigrants),甚至綠卡持有者(green card holders),因為他們表達的政治觀點(political views)。國務卿(Secretary of State)援引一罕用條款(rarely used section of a statute),允許他單方面指定驅逐任何可能導致「潛在嚴重外交政策後果」(potentially serious adverse foreign policy consequences)的外國人。若這還不夠,許多逮捕行動似乎故意製造恐懼和威嚇(calculated to maximize fear and intimidation),針對移民和活動人士社群(immigrant and activist communities)。我想給同事一個例子回應:塔夫茨大學(Tufts University)的土耳其研究生蕾米絲·奧扎克·阿克(Remise Ozark Arc)的案例。她研究兒童發展與社交媒體飽和的全球連結世界(relationship between child development and our social media-saturated globally connected world),持有效學生簽證(valid student visa),無罪行指控(not accused of any crime),是塔夫茨社群中受愛戴的成員(loved and valued member)。她唯一的「罪行」是與四人共同撰寫學生報紙專欄(one of four co-authors of an op-ed),呼籲塔夫茨管理層回應學生要求,從與以色列及以色列國防軍(IDF)有關的企業撤資(divest from businesses with ties to Israel)。因此,她的簽證無通知被撤銷(revoked with no notice),她在街上被逮捕(arrested on the street),被帶到1500多英里外(spirited more than 1,500 miles away),可能違反法官命令(violation of a judge’s order),等待可能驅逐(await her probable deportation)。我相信包括新澤西同事在內的許多同事看過她的逮捕視頻(video of her arrest),由鄰居的監控攝像頭拍攝(captured by a neighbor’s security camera),令人毛骨悚然(utterly chilling)。她被便衣警察包圍(surrounded by officers in plain clothes),無明顯標誌(no visible insignia, no markings at all on their clothing),被粗暴對待(handled roughly),財物被奪(belongings taken away),雙手被銬(hands are cuffed),裝進無標誌車(loaded into an unmarked car)。毫不誇張,她的逮捕像綁架(looks like a kidnapping),像在莫斯科(Moscow)而不是波士頓街頭(streets of Boston)會看到的。她的恐懼令人難以想像(terror of what she experienced),但我也想到其他數千名持學生簽證或合法身份的人(thousands of other students here with a student visa or other lawful means),看到這會想:「這可能發生在我身上(this could happen to me),我的室友(roommate)、我的學生(student),或任何人。」
這像是法治(rule of law)和國家運作方式的崩潰(breakdown)。我想問我的同事(ask my colleague),你覺得這正常或適當嗎(does this seem normal or appropriate)?美國聯邦執法人員(federal law enforcement officers)用便衣(plain clothes)、無標誌車(unmarked cars)、壓倒性武力(overwhelming show of force)進行例行逮捕(conduct routine arrests),針對對執法人員無明顯身體威脅的人(individuals who pose no obvious physical threat)?更進一步,若你的目標是恐嚇和阻止移民及活動人士社群行使權利(intimidate and dissuade immigrant and activist communities from exercising),這不正是你會下令的行動嗎(exactly the sort of operation that you would order)?
他們的憲法權利保障言論自由(their constitutional rights to free speech),懲罰人們因政治言論(punishing people for their political speech)似乎與美國民主價值(American democratic values)一致嗎?我無法相信我們會認為這是一致的(I can’t believe that we would think that it would be consistent)。我想知道我的新澤西同事是否願意回應(would like to respond in any way to this)。我想回應。我首先要感謝我的同事今早來到這裡(thank my colleague for being here in the morning)。她是我信任的同事之一(one of my colleagues I confided in)。當我告訴她我受夠了(enough was enough for me),我需要做些不同的事(needed to do something different),她立刻鼓勵我來到這裡(readily encouraged me),現在我在這個講台上已約13小時(on the floor for what is now about 13 hours)。她鼓勵了我(encouraged me),溫暖了我的心(encouraged my heart),是我最親愛的朋友之一(one of my dear friends)。我很感激今早見到她(grateful to see her this morning)。在回答她的問題前,我想說幾句話。
在我成長的家鄉卑爾根縣(Bergen County),有一個亞歷山大家庭(family, the Alexanders),他們的兒子艾登(Eden)是美國人,被哈馬斯扣押(being held by Hamas)。他可能正在遭受折磨(likely tortured),處於創傷和痛苦中(trauma and pain)。他是美國公民(U.S. citizen)。最近一位年輕朋友給了我這個絲帶(gave me this ribbon),我常把它放在口袋裡(keeping my pocket),提醒我他和我們帶他回家的決心(our determination to bring him home)。我想讓他的家人知道,他在我心中(in my thoughts)。我也感受到新澤西許多人因這場危機受影響(affected by this crisis),他們在那個地區失去了親人(lost family members)。我們必須帶來和平(bring peace)。然後,我的朋友史密斯參議員(Senator Smith)提出了這個問題,這是一個真正的考驗(real test)。當你強烈不同意某人的言論時(disagree with someone’s statements),第一修正案的本質(very nature of the First Amendment)——這份文件的珍貴之處——在於它說,無論你的言論多麼令人反感(reprehensible your speech is),你都有權說出來(you have the right to say it)。我記得NFL球員下跪的爭議(controversy over NFL player who kneel),一個聲音讓我印象深刻:一位白人軍人(white guy from the military)說:「我在阿富汗打了仗(fought battles in Afghanistan),我對他下跪感到冒犯(offended by his taking a knee)。但我戰鬥的原因正是為了讓他有這樣做的自由(the very reason I fought was so that he would have the freedom to do it)。」
我10月7日在那裡(I was there on October 7th),對那裡的情況有強烈的感受(heart-strong feelings),迫切希望結束噩夢(urgent desires to end the nightmare),讓像艾登這樣的人回家(bring people like Eden home),結束以色列人和巴勒斯坦人的噩夢(nightmare for Israelis and Palestinians)。我覺得一些人的言論對危機和我的道德信念毫無幫助(unhelpful to the crisis and to the moral truths that I believe in)。但我會為人們的權利而戰(fight for people’s rights)。所以,看到這樣的視頻(see video),這不像我們的樣子(doesn’t seem like who we are)。如果你要撤銷某人的簽證(revoking somebody’s visa),應該打個電話(make a phone call),告訴他們有30天離開(you have 30 days to leave)。應該有正當程序(due process)。如果你認為這人與敵人有關(lying with some kind of enemy),在法庭上證明(prove your claims in court)。但我看到的並未反映最高理想(highest ideals)。如果這憲法容易(if this Constitution was easy),它就不值這紙(not worth the paper it’s written on)。我愛我的朋友,因為她涉入困難領域(wades into some difficult waters),但她以捍衛憲法的誓言為指引(guided by the oath that she took)。在這複雜艱難的時刻,她站出來了(standing up)。
昨晚在移民部分(immigration section),我們讀了最痛苦的故事(most painful stories)。我身邊有我最親密的朋友——墨菲參議員(Senator Murphy)、沃諾克參議員(Senator Warnock)、史密斯參議員(Senator Smith)。沃諾克參議員知道,我們的國家在特朗普政府期間花費數億美元(hundreds of millions of dollars)資助私人監獄(fund private prisons),這些監獄被激勵剝奪人們的自由(paid incentives to take away people’s liberties)。我們讀到移民系統中被困者的故事(people that got strapped in those systems),他們不該在那裡(should never be there)。可怕的故事(horrible stories)、痛苦的聲音(painful voices)。我愛那篇加拿大人的文章(article from that Canadian),她在私人監獄被關幾週(put in a private prison for weeks),發現他們說謊讓她留下(heard the lies of the people who found ways to keep her there)。她頓悟(aha moment):他們每天留我在這兒,就能賺錢(every day I’m there, they get profit)。兩黨的真正領袖常說,我們可以兼顧(we can do both):讓國家安全(make our country safe),遵守價值觀(abide by our values)。在一個國家接連消失人的複雜世界裡(country after country disappears people),專制國家(authoritarian countries)讓政敵(political enemies)、政治對手(political adversaries)、說出不同意見的人消失(people who say things they politically disagree with)。這些國家看著我們(looking to us)。你知道嗎,當特朗普開始用「假新聞」(fake news)這詞時,土耳其的伯納德(Bernard)開始以假新聞罪逮捕人(arresting people on charges of fake news)。因為我們被看作榜樣(we are looked to)。我相信,如里根所說(like Reagan said),我們可以是山上的城市(city on a hill),我們站在高處,人們會看我們:世界秩序會如何(what is the world order gonna be)?全球民主會是什麼樣(what is democracy globally gonna look like)?我們會捍衛民主原則(defend democracy and democratic principles)嗎?還是像我們應反對的獨裁者一樣行事(behave like the authoritarians that we should be against)?
這是你問的基本問題(fundamental question),在這13小時裡不斷迴響(resonated)。我們一直回到憲法(keep coming back to the Constitution),因為特朗普政府的許多作為,從分權(separation of powers)到違反憲法開篇第一句(violating the very first words of our Constitution)。第一句話是我們宣誓時的承諾(commitment we make when we swear):我們美利堅合眾國人民(we the people of the United States of America),這是我們的使命(our mandate),為了形成更完美的聯邦(form a more perfect union)、建立正義(establish justice)。這正義來得很快(comes really quick)。讓人在無正當程序下消失是正義嗎(is it just to disappear a human being with no due process)?我引用了安東·斯卡利亞(Antonin Scalia)。在序言下是第一條(article one),規定所有立法權(all legislative powers)授予國會(vested in the Congress),由參議院和眾議院組成(Senate and House of Representatives)。然後列出我們的權力(what we have the power to do)。我們制定法律(set the laws)。這位總統卻援引緊急權力(evoking emergency powers),如《外敵法案》(alien enemies act),這是1790或1780年代的法律,上次用於二戰拘留日裔美國人(detain Japanese Americans),將他們關進美國集中營(concentration camps),這是恥辱(shameful)。他想從國會奪權(take power from our Congress)。讓我心碎的是(breaking my heart),沃諾克,我們讓他奪走我們的權力(letting him take our power)。
若馬斯克是民主黨人(if Elon Musk was a Democrat),喬·拜登說:「去搶國會的支出權(go after the spending power of Congress),他們批准的一切。」這裡做兩黨合作很難(hard to do bipartisan things)。上帝保佑帕蒂·默里(Patty Murray)和蘇珊·柯林斯(Susan Collins)合作通過支出法案(getting spending bills),這是艱苦的工作(hard work)。我有時會播放點摩城音樂(play a little Motown),不怕求人(ain’t too proud to beg)。我去找撥款領袖(appropriations leader)說:「嘿,我的紐瓦克和新澤西需要這個。」我們努力爭取這些,但我和林賽·格雷厄姆(Lindsey Graham)一起為USAID項目奮鬥,與現任國務卿馬可·盧比奧(Marco Rubio)合作的教育部項目(Department of Education),還有兩黨合作簡化FAFSA表格(simplify the FAFSA forms)。這機構(article one branch of Constitution),在『我們人民』(we the people)之後,史密斯參議員告訴我們,為了更完美的聯邦、建立正義。這就是我們在這裡的原因。現在參議院充滿朋友(filling up friends galore),有80人(80 clovers)在場。這不是日常業務(no business as usual)。我們談移民(immigration)、醫療補助(Medicaid)、醫療保險(Medicare)、醫療保健(health care)、醫學研究(medical research)、社會保障(Social Security),我們前進了13小時(marching through 13 hours)。我還有能量(more in the tank)。謝謝你的問題。這讓我情緒激動(brings up very emotional things)。說實話,這帶來痛苦(pain)、挫折(frustration)、傷害(hurt)。我想到紐瓦克的巴勒斯坦醫生與我辦公室合作,讓巴勒斯坦嬰兒來美國治療(Palestinian doctors who worked with my office to get Palestinian babies into America for care)。我想到那裡見證自大屠殺以來最嚴重的猶太人屠殺(worst slaughter of Jews since the Holocaust)。很多事令人痛苦(painful)。若我們犧牲價值觀(sacrifice our values),就像911、斯科基的KKK遊行(marchers in Skokie),這些艱難時刻考驗憲法價值(values of this Constitution were tested),我們被衡量(being measured)。但這位總統用《外敵法案》(alien insurrection act)、無正當程序(no due process)、廢除教育部(flushing the Department of Education)、取消USAID(getting rid of the USAID)、攻擊服務退伍軍人和社會保障的人(attacking thousands of people that serve our veterans, serve our Social Security),這些對參議院應顯而易見是錯的(obvious to this institution that’s wrong)。最大的競選捐贈者未經選舉(unelected),拿我們的個人信息(getting our personal information),無透明度(no transparency)。沒人知道馬斯克拿了什麼機密信息(what confidential information Elon Musk has),因為他們不來這裡回答(not here to answer for it)。感謝你的問題。我知道沃諾克牧師(Reverend Warnock)會問我一個。我想先談幾頁。
美國人民獨自面對總統的外交政策(approached to foreign policy practiced by the president)。總統讓盟友感到被拋棄(allies feeling abandoned)、被羞辱(degraded and insulted),讓敵人感到膽大(adversaries feeling emboldened)。這損害國家安全(hurt our national security),讓美國人更不安全(made Americans less safe)。特朗普第二任期短時間內(short time President Trump has been in office),美國人已因政府魯莽做法(reckless approach of the administration)陷入危險(put in harm’s way)。這始於他極差的判斷力(extremely poor judgment)。政府優先考慮唐納德·特朗普的順從(prioritized obedience to Donald Trump),而不是專業知識(expertise),在最重要的國家安全職位上(most important national security jobs),冷落致力於國家安全的專業人士(sideline dedicated professionals)。政府無法區分美國的敵人與盟友(inability to distinguish between America’s adversaries and allies),未能理解美國的海外伙伴關係和投資如何保護國內社群(failure to understand how America’s partnerships and investments abroad protect and benefit communities here)。我想起馬蒂斯將軍(General Mattis)的話:「若你裁減USAID或國務院(cutting things like the USAID or the State Department),給我多買子彈(buy me more bullets)。」這是講台上談過的話題。我看到我的朋友蒂姆·凱恩(Tim Kaine),他在外交關係委員會(Foreign Relations Committee)比我高一級(sits a little bit higher up),我多次向他求助。