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### Problem Statement 1: Provision an EC2 Instance with Security Group

#### Description
:::info
Use Terraform to provision an EC2 instance in AWS along with a security group that allows inbound traffic on specific ports.
:::

#### Sample Solution:

resource "aws_instance" "example" {
  ami           = "ami-0c94855ba95c71c99"
  instance_type = "t2.micro"
}

resource "aws_security_group" "example" {
  name        = "example-security-group"
  description = "Allow inbound traffic on port 80 and 22"

  ingress {
    from_port   = 80
    to_port     = 80
    protocol    = "tcp"
    cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
  }

  ingress {
    from_port   = 22
    to_port     = 22
    protocol    = "tcp"
    cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
  }

  egress {
    from_port   = 0
    to_port     = 0
    protocol    = "-1"
    cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
  }
}

### Problem Statement 2: Create an S3 Bucket and Enable Versioning

#### Description
:::info
Use Terraform to create an S3 bucket in AWS and enable versioning for the bucket.
:::

#### Sample Solution

resource "aws_s3_bucket" "example" {
  bucket = "example-bucket"
}

resource "aws_s3_bucket_versioning" "example" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.example.id

  versioning {
    enabled = true
  }
}

### Problem Statement 4: Create an RDS Instance
#### Description
:::info
Provision an RDS instance in AWS using Terraform, specifying the database engine, instance type, and storage configuration.
:::
### Sample Solution

resource "aws_db_instance" "example" {
  identifier        = "example-db"
  allocated_storage = 20
  engine            = "mysql"
  instance_class    = "db.t2.micro"
  name              = "exampledb"
  username          = "admin"
  password          = "password"
}

### Problem Statement 4: Create a VPC with Subnets and Internet Gateway

#### Description
:::info
Use Terraform to create a VPC in AWS with public and private subnets, along with an internet gateway.
:::

#### Sample Solution

resource "aws_vpc" "example" {
  cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
}

resource "aws_subnet" "public" {
  vpc_id            = aws_vpc.example.id
  cidr_block        = "10.0.1.0/24"
  availability_zone = "us-east-1a"
}

resource "aws_subnet" "private" {
  vpc_id            = aws_vpc.example.id
  cidr_block        = "10.0.2.0/24"
  availability_zone = "us-east-1b"
}

resource "aws_internet_gateway" "example" {
  vpc_id = aws_vpc.example.id
}

resource "aws_route_table" "public" {
  vpc_id = aws_vpc.example.id

  route {
    cidr_block = "0.0.0.0/0"
    gateway_id = aws_internet_gateway.example.id

### Problem Statement 6: Provision an EC2 instance with associated resources

#### Description
:::info
Write a Terraform configuration to provision an EC2 instance, along with a VPC, subnet, security group, and an Elastic IP. Ensure that the EC2 instance is accessible via SSH and has the necessary security group rules.
:::

#### Sample Solution:

resource "aws_vpc" "my_vpc" {
  cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
}

resource "aws_subnet" "my_subnet" {
  vpc_id     = aws_vpc.my_vpc.id
  cidr_block = "10.0.1.0/24"
}

resource "aws_security_group" "my_sg" {
  name        = "my-security-group"
  description = "My security group"

  ingress {
    from_port   = 22
    to_port     = 22
    protocol    = "tcp"
    cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
  }
}

resource "aws_instance" "my_instance" {
  ami           = "ami-12345678"
  instance_type = "t2.micro"
  subnet_id     = aws_subnet.my_subnet.id
  security_group_ids = [aws_security_group.my_sg.id]

  key_name      = "my-key-pair"
}

resource "aws_eip" "my_eip" {
  vpc = true
  instance = aws_instance.my_instance.id
}

### Problem Statement 7: Create an S3 bucket with versioning enabled

#### Description
:::info
Write a Terraform configuration to create an S3 bucket with versioning enabled and an optional bucket policy to restrict access.
:::

#### Sample Solution

resource "aws_s3_bucket" "my_bucket" {
  bucket = "my-bucket"
  versioning {
    enabled = true
  }
}

resource "aws_s3_bucket_policy" "my_bucket_policy" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.my_bucket.id

  policy = <<EOF
  {
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
      {
        "Sid": "AllowGetObject",
        "Effect": "Deny",
        "Principal": "*",
        "Action": "s3:GetObject",
        "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*"
      }
    ]
  }
  EOF
}

### Problem Statement 8: Provision an RDS database instance

#### Description
:::info
Write a Terraform configuration to provision an RDS database instance with a specified engine, instance class, and storage size.
:::

#### Sample Solution

resource "aws_db_instance" "my_db_instance" {
  engine            = "mysql"
  instance_class    = "db.t2.micro"
  allocated_storage = 20
  identifier        = "my-db-instance"
  username          = "admin"
  password          = "mypassword"
}

### Problem Statement 9: Create an AWS Lambda function with an S3 trigger
#### Description
:::info
Write a Terraform configuration to create an AWS Lambda function that is triggered by object uploads to an S3 bucket.
:::
#### Sample Solution

resource "aws_lambda_function" "my_lambda_function" {
  function_name = "my-lambda-function"
  handler       = "index.handler"
  runtime       = "nodejs14.x"
  filename      = "lambda_function.zip"
}

resource "aws_lambda_permission" "my_lambda_permission" {
  statement_id  = "AllowS3Invoke"
  action        = "lambda:InvokeFunction"
  function_name = aws_lambda_function.my_lambda_function.arn
  principal     = "s3.amazonaws.com"
  source_arn    = aws_s3_bucket.my_bucket.arn
}

resource "aws_s3_bucket_notification" "my_bucket_notification" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.my_bucket.id

  lambda_function {
    lambda_function_arn = aws_lambda_function.my_lambda_function.arn
    events              = ["s3:ObjectCreated:*"]
  }
}

### Problem Statement 10: Provision an ECS cluster with a service and task definition

#### Description
:::info
Write a Terraform configuration to provision an ECS cluster, an ECS service, and a task definition for running a containerized application.
:::

#### Sample Solution

   resource "aws_ecs_cluster" "my_cluster" {
     name = "my-ecs-cluster"
   }

   resource "aws_ecs_task_definition" "my_task_definition" {
     family                   = "my-task-definition"
     container_definitions    = <<EOF
     [
       {
         "name": "my-container",
         "image": "my-image",
         "cpu": 256,
         "memory": 512
       }
     ]
     EOF
   }

   resource "aws_ecs_service" "my_service" {
     name            = "my-service"
     cluster         = aws_ecs_cluster.my_cluster.id
     task_definition = aws_ecs_task_definition.my_task_definition.arn
     desired_count   = 1

     deployment_minimum_healthy_percent = 100
     deployment_maximum_percent         = 200
   }

:::success
:bulb: ***Important Note(s):***
*1. These are sample solutions and you may need to modify them to fit your specific requirements, such as replacing placeholder values with appropriate values for your AWS resources.*
*2. Please ensure you have the necessary permissions to create the resources mentioned in the Terraform configurations.*
:::