# Different Grant Funding Mechanisms
**Technocratic Funding** and **Democratic Funding** are distinct approaches to resource allocation, particularly in contexts like grant funding, governance, or public goods distribution. Here's how they differ:
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### **Technocratic Funding**
- **Definition**: Decision-making and allocation are driven by experts, professionals, or those with specialized knowledge in a particular domain.
- **Key Features**:
- **Expertise-Driven**: Decisions are based on technical knowledge, data, or past performance.
- **Efficient but Exclusive**: Focuses on optimizing outcomes, but may limit input from the general population.
- **Example in Web3**:
- **Retroactive Public Goods Funding (RetroPGF)**: Funds are allocated by expert badgeholders or decision-makers after assessing the outcomes of a project.
- **Request for Proposals (RFPs)**: A targeted funding mechanism where experts review proposals and select the most promising projects.
- **Pros**:
- Ensures funding is aligned with measurable impact or strategic goals.
- Avoids the noise of public or community biases.
- **Cons**:
- Risk of elitism or exclusion of diverse perspectives.
- Limited accountability to the broader community.
---
### **Democratic Funding**
- **Definition**: Allocation decisions are made through participatory or collective processes, often involving voting by a broad group of stakeholders.
- **Key Features**:
- **Community-Driven**: Empowers individuals to decide where resources should be allocated.
- **Inclusive but Complex**: Requires mechanisms to balance fairness, participation, and effectiveness.
- **Example in Web3**:
- **Quadratic Funding (QF)**: Funding is based on the number of contributors, rather than the size of contributions, to amplify smaller donations from a larger community.
- **Conviction Voting**: Decisions evolve based on continuous support from participants, reflecting collective priorities over time.
- **Pros**:
- Amplifies diverse voices and preferences.
- Builds trust and engagement within a community.
- **Cons**:
- Prone to manipulation (e.g., sybil attacks in QF without proper safeguards).
- Can be less efficient than expert-driven models.
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### **Comparison**
| Feature | Technocratic Funding | Democratic Funding |
|-----------------------|-------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| **Decision Drivers** | Experts or professionals | Community or stakeholders |
| **Inclusion** | Limited to experts | Broad participation |
| **Efficiency** | High, but may overlook community needs | Reflects collective will, slower to implement |
| **Examples** | RetroPGF, RFPs | Quadratic Funding, Conviction Voting |
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### **Highly Technocratic Funding Mechanisms**
1. **Retroactive Public Goods Funding (RetroPGF)**
- Experts (badgeholders) allocate funds based on the proven impact of completed projects.
- Examples: Optimism's RetroPGF.
2. **Request for Proposals (RFPs)**
- Organizations invite proposals and select winners based on expert evaluation.
- Common in research grants or government funding.
3. **Direct-to-Contract Incentives**
- Funds are allocated programmatically based on smart contract performance or metrics.
- Example: Rewards for contract usage like EIP-6969.
4. **Impact Attestations**
- Experts validate and reward projects based on measurable outcomes and attestations.
---
### **Balanced Mechanisms (Technocratic + Democratic)**
5. **Conviction Voting**
- A mix of community input and weighted voting over time to reflect sustained preferences.
- Combines grassroots participation with decision longevity.
6. **AutoPGF (Automated Public Goods Funding)**
- Funds are generated programmatically, with the community voting on allocations.
- Example: Glo Dollar or Octant.
8. **Bounties**
- Funding is task-specific, with payouts upon delivery. Tasks can be decided by a mix of experts and the community.
---
### **Highly Democratic Funding Mechanisms**
8. **Quadratic Funding (QF)**
- Small community contributions are amplified through a matching pool, emphasizing participation over large donations.
- Example: Gitcoin's Grants Program.
10. **Participatory Budgeting**
- Community members directly decide how a portion of funds is allocated via voting.
- Examples: Municipal or DAO-level participatory budgets.
11. **Revnets**
- Funding and incentives are designed to allow participation without governance overhead, encouraging open engagement.
12. **Gift Circles**
- Members allocate resources collaboratively to reward contributions and strengthen community ties.
---
A combination of these funding mechanism for a specific vertical of a mission can be powerful!
### Reading Recommendations
- OnChain Capital Allocation Book: https://allobook.gitcoin.co/
- Grant Maturity Index: https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19828
- Retro PGF Case Studies: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZBaP_Wv7ldMKZR7tkucm7LZOvcK_RySmvj1NwPBlPWc/edit#heading=h.8qvjms6dvosp
- Github Grants Datalake: https://github.com/opensource-observer/oss-funding
- State of Web3 Grants Report 2023: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CFD6ztSh2ggJSO-U3uEea92UVB1cRbvBlA1tfPxLKi8
- State of Web3 Grants Report 2024: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384437723_State_of_Web3_Grants_Report_2024
- Web3 Grants Report 2024 KeyTakeaways : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xW1EzA_KJbBeDvk-mBJv_YoWItk8msOH/view
- DAOIP-5: https://docs.daostar.org/DAOIP/5
#### Projects we checked out during the talk
- https://juicebox.money/projects
- https://giveth.io/projects/all
- https://lottopgf.org/