--- tags: 物理補強 --- # 霍爾效應 固態導體有電流經過時,在磁場中產生電壓(電動勢)的效應。 ---- ### 原理: 電荷運動受磁力偏轉方向(勞倫茲力), 偏轉後因為電荷不均勻分布,產生電場。 其中電場力 = 勞倫茲力來達到力平衡狀態,使電荷順利通過不偏移。 而產生的電壓稱為霍爾電壓。  <img style="transform:rotate(deg);" src=https://i.imgur.com/GzThrkz.png> ---- ### 作業27.46   \begin{aligned} z_1 &= 0.018m,y_1 = 0.00023m\\ \vec{B} &= 2.29T,I = 78.0A,V = 131\cdot{10^{-6}}V\\\\ \end{aligned} \begin{aligned} 霍爾效&應中,電場力與磁力(勞倫茲力)達到力平衡\\\\ \because F_B&=F_E\\ \therefore q(\vec{v}\times\vec{B})&=q\vec{E}\\\\ 電場\vec{E}&=\frac{V}{r}=\vec{v}\vec{B}\\ \Longrightarrow 霍爾電壓V&=\vec{v}\vec{B}r\\ \Longrightarrow \vec{v}&=\frac{V}{\vec{B}r}\\\\\\\\ 電流I&=neA\vec{v} (每秒經過的電荷量)\\\\ 代入\vec{v}&=\frac{V}{\vec{B}r}\\ \Longrightarrow I&=\frac{neAV}{\vec{B}r}\\ \Longrightarrow n&=\frac{I\vec{B}r}{eAV}\\\\\\\\ 代入電&場的r=z_1,電流的面A=z_1y_1\\\\ \Longrightarrow n&=\frac{I\vec{B}}{ey_1V}\\ n&=\frac{78\times2.29}{1.602\cdot10^{-19}\times 131\cdot{10^{-6}}\times 0.00023}\\\\ &\approx 3.7\cdot{10^{28}}\ electrons/m^3 \end{aligned}
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