# 如何使用ChatGPT協助進行研究

圖書館利用與資料庫講習課程，通常會介紹如何使用圖書館查詢工具(館藏目錄、電子資源指南)或資料庫來協助找到研究所需資料，以及會介紹一些資料庫查詢策略(布林邏輯、關鍵字的選用與轉換、資料庫欄位的選擇)。

本文從圖書館利用與資料庫講習課程的內容出發，說明可以如何運用ChatGPT在研究資料查詢過程中。

本文中，若為參考其他來源所提供的Prompt會直接附出處連結，可點選進一步觀看原本的影片或文章說明內容，可以看到原作者操作ChatGPT的實際畫面。部分為我的測試，會將測試結果補充在文末附錄。

P.S.
1. ChatGPT也可以幫忙把資料整理成表格、或是寫code、統計等其他有助於研究過程的事情，在本文中先不會提到這段。
>>請ChatGPT寫Python code幫忙繪圖、刪除文獻回顧內重複文獻的例子請參考：ChatGPT科研最全方法论｜深度使用手册+学术不端避雷指南
https://youtu.be/L6zSOyx7dew
2. 之後可能可以比較google scholar、圖書館查詢工具、資料庫與Chat GPT的查詢結果差異與各自適合的應用時機。
3. 已有投稿中的研究將chatGPT列為共同作者。
>>A New Scientific Paper Credits ChatGPT AI as a Coauthor https://futurism.com/scientific-paper-credits-chatgpt-ai-coauthor

* 本文的資料檢索與ChatGPT使用日期：2023/3/18-19

## 前言：ChatGPT Dos and Don'ts
ChatGPT不等於搜尋引擎，不能以搜尋引擎的想法來使用他。
他並非在理解語意的情況下產生文字，而是根據計算出字句出現的機率提供最佳答案，因此可能會產生錯誤的答案。
給他的Prompt越清楚，或是逐步增加引導，他會回給你更好的答案。
>商周的簡單介紹 https://www.businessweekly.com.tw/international/blog/3011766

Nature雜誌針對他們的讀者進行了調查，了解研究者可能會如何使用ChatGPT。根據他們的調查結果，最多人是用它來進行與研究無關的有趣探索。第二多的是會使用ChatGPT來一起腦力激盪研究的想法，第三名是請ChatGPT協助寫code，再接下來是請ChatGPT幫忙準備簡報展示稿、進行文獻回顧、協助撰寫研究草稿(這三個的比例差不多)。有些人認為，AI可以協助處理一些無聊、重複性的任務或幫忙草稿的撰寫，就會有更多時間用來更高層次的思考。
>How Nature readers are using ChatGPT
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00500-8

Nature的一篇評論則指出，現在學術競爭與發表壓力越來越大，AI也許可以協助加速研究文獻回顧或文章審核的流程，讓研究者將更多時間進行進行新的研究設計，或是會有助於促成跨領域研究者的創新研究。同時，AI可以協助學術訓練，提供學生寫作與推論技巧的即時回饋。不過，也有許多因之而起的新的問題值得大家討論，像是：「哪些研究任務不適合交給大型語言生成模型AI？那些是研究者重要而不可被取代的學術技能？在大型語言生成模型AI支援研究的流程中哪些需要靠人來檢核？原本關於學術倫理的規定要如何因應改變？如何在研究者的訓練中加入AI的訓練？要如何確保AI是促進研究上的公平而非造成不公平？」等問題。
>ChatGPT: five priorities for research
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00288-7

綜整本文的參考資料，可以發現ChatGPT是研究者很好的starting point，適合協助的面向包含：整理資料、提供大綱架構、協助發想(brainstorming)與縮小方向、提供研究方法的建議與資源、修訂文字、角色扮演(扮演學術領域內的專家前輩來提供建議)。

但是，ChatGPT產生的文稿可能適合用在對象為大眾的一般部落格、網頁，較無法直接成為學術研究的文章。ChatGPT提供的參考文獻可能是錯的(有可能是題名正確、作者錯誤，或是可能該篇文章根本不存在)，關於某些主題知識的答案也可能是錯的。研究者需要知道如何查證，以及需要重新從自己的角度出發將ChatGPT提供的結果化為己用、提出創新觀點。

在本文參考的資料中，經驗分享者都是博士、教授等研究者，他們在清楚研究流程與研究主題的情況下，很清楚自己希望ChatGPT可以幫他們做到什麼而又不會有學術倫理爭議。研究新手或是學生還是需要有研究方法的訓練，了解學術文獻資料的查詢與使用方式，知道如何使用google scholar、資料庫等來查核ChatGPT提供的資料是否正確，以及需要閱讀大量學術文獻來獲得正確的領域知識。

了解領域知識、圖書館工具、資料庫、研究方法與研究流程後，再來想ChatGPT可以怎麼幫忙，將有助於提出更好的Prompt。當使用者沒有給清楚的Prompt引導或很有方向的逐步縮限範圍時，ChatGPT可能只能提供比較通則性、大方向、概述的答案。

要注意目前ChatGPT並沒有涵蓋到最新資料，2021年9月以前的資料應該會比較正確。另外，若有資料安全上的顧慮，就不要將機密的資料貼到ChatGPT上使用。
>可以安裝Chrome擴充功能來讓ChatGPT可以查到網路上的即時資料：https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/webchatgpt-chatgpt-with-i/lpfemeioodjbpieminkklglpmhlngfcn
>>來源：ChatGPT Tutorial: Write a systematic review under 1 hour
https://youtu.be/RgzBIQfi1nI

最後，ChatGPT是文字生成的AI，不是直接呈現資料來源全文。有人測試將研究流程中的問題提問ChatGPT後，將其生成的各段落文字變成一篇文章上傳Turnitin，比對報告重複率為33%，然而重複部分皆非大段落抄襲其他資料來源文字。因此可能要從文章結構、內文論述方式、觀點呈現等方式來檢查，或是利用其他工具來檢查。
>測試Turnitin的例子來源：Research paper writing using Chat GPT open AI | Thesis Writing Using Chat GPT | paper Writing
https://youtu.be/ymj6p0wNKyo
>只有替身才能打倒替身!用AI Text Classifier檢查出ChatGPT抄襲文本 https://vocus.cc/article/63dc7147fd897800014c6aab

## **0. Prompt運用的大方向說明**

由於ChatGPT訓練的英文資料量比較多，因此使用英文提問獲得的資料可能會比較正確，可參考本文內的Prompt了解英文有哪些字適合使用。

相較Google或資料庫需要由使用者設想關鍵字輸入查詢到相關資料，ChatGPT可以直接輸入日常生活的問句。然而還是可以將資料庫布林邏輯的觀念運用在Prompt上，例如在Prompt內指出需要某個年代的A主題的學術期刊(年代欄位And主題欄位And資源類型欄位)，或是指出請他的回復內容可以著重在某個概念或排除某個概念(關鍵字AND關鍵字NOT關鍵字)。

給予ChatGPT的Prompt指令要明確，例如：
1. use an active/passive voice
2. write concisely
3. rephrase for a general audience
4. remove jargon
5. use a casual/informal/professional tone
6. use Australian spelling and grammar
>> How to use Chat GPT: Opportunities and Risks for Researchers
https://www.animateyour.science/post/how-to-use-chat-gpt-opportunities-and-risks-for-researchers

或是可以在指令內限制他的答復要在多少字數以內、需要提供引用資料來源、需要列點、需要用什麼樣的文體風格來寫。

另外，也可以在Prompt內提供更多脈絡資訊，例如：提供資料連結、請他扮演特定角色、列出更多相關細節、直接提供資訊文字。
>>How to use Chat GPT: Opportunities and Risks for Researchers
https://www.animateyour.science/post/how-to-use-chat-gpt-opportunities-and-risks-for-researchers

若覺得ChatGPT給的答案太淺顯或太通則，可以進一步詢問他。可以使用的Prompt像是：
1. Please elaborate [X]
2. Please provide details on [X]
>>Research paper writing using Chat GPT open AI | Thesis Writing Using Chat GPT | paper Writing
https://youtu.be/ymj6p0wNKyo
3. Can you be more concise with….?
>>Can ChatGPT Write Your Next Scientific Paper?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnGPt030IG4

在請ChatGPT幫忙修訂文字時，建議以短篇段落文字輸入，會獲得比較仔細的修正建議。

建議可以先使用自己熟悉的主題來進行下文Prompt的測試，由自己熟悉的主題來了解ChatGPT提供的回復是否準確，以及了解他能做到的是什麼、不能做到的是什麼，接著再利用它來探索自己不熟悉的領域。

## **1. 研究初始階段：探索主題**
多數人都習慣利用Google或Google Scholar打幾個關鍵字開始探索可能的主題方向。在閱讀一些資料後會逐漸聚焦自己的主題。如果希望查詢Google時同時可以看到ChatGPT的結果，同時獲得兩種探索結果，可以安裝Chrome擴充功能。
>https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/chatgpt-for-google/jgjaeacdkonaoafenlfkkkmbaopkbilf
>>來源：https://applealmond.com/posts/178315

在研究初始階段，研究新手、學生或跨領域研究者對於此領域知識、發展現況及知名理論與學者可能不太熟悉。可以使用ChatGPT快速掌握一些基本知識，並可以請他幫忙列出研究大綱，以利了解後續找資料的方向。

### 1-1 探索研究主題與題目方向
***以往會通過大量閱讀來逐漸形成想法和聚焦問題。
* Can you suggest some research questions around the topic of [X] ?
>>ChatGPT for Scientific Research: How to use AI as a Partner in Your Research
https://youtu.be/KhRY-ktKB-4
* Give me some research ideas related to [X]
>>Using ChatGPT for research [Urdu] [Idea, Gap, Writeup, Literature , Results, Analysis, Rephrase]
https://youtu.be/nne-qM6BWxQ
* Generate [x] different ideas for [Y]. To be specific, avoid general topics and focus on more specific subjects people will like to learn more.
>> https://jobgpt.ai/chatgpt-prompts-for-students/
* What is importance of this topic for[X]? Provide me an introduction including the research background, research problem and gap in the existing literature. Do not include [Y] in the topic. Provide some new references for your write-ups
>>Using ChatGPT for research [Urdu] [Idea, Gap, Writeup, Literature , Results, Analysis, Rephrase]
https://youtu.be/nne-qM6BWxQ
* 我想做[X]的研究，請給我可能的研究題目和可能的發展方向
>>ChatGPT科研最全方法论｜深度使用手册+学术不端避雷指南
https://youtu.be/L6zSOyx7dew
* 我是[X]領域的學生，請建議我未來幾年有發展性的題目方向?有什麼題目適合畢業後找工作？請給我適合碩士生/博士生程度的研究題目方向？
>>改寫自: ChatGPT科研最全方法论｜深度使用手册+学术不端避雷指南
https://youtu.be/L6zSOyx7dew

### 1-2 了解領域的重點學者、理論
***以往可能是通過課程、教師指定閱讀讀物或領域高被引文獻了解。
* Suggest me a suitable base theory for [X]
>>Using ChatGPT for research [Urdu] [Idea, Gap, Writeup, Literature , Results, Analysis, Rephrase]
https://youtu.be/nne-qM6BWxQ
* Who are notable researchers for this question/topic [X]
>Using ChatGPT to do an Oxford PhD: My experience so far
https://youtu.be/dpPbidT2o1g
* What are the famous studies on [X]
>> Unleashing the power of CHAT GPT in academic research https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIUu-swbBj4
* Which theory is most used with [X]
>> Unleashing the power of CHAT GPT in academic research https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIUu-swbBj4
* Explain [theory, formula..] like I'm a elementary student
>>https://jobgpt.ai/chatgpt-prompts-for-students/
* [X]常用的理論是什麼？請說明
>>ChatGPT科研最全方法论｜深度使用手册+学术不端避雷指南
https://youtu.be/L6zSOyx7dew

### 1-3 列出研究大綱、了解需要掌握的資料範圍
***以往可能都是直接參考他人的論文或期刊怎麼寫來學習。
* Make me an outline of the research paper on[X]
>>Using ChatGPT for research [Urdu] [Idea, Gap, Writeup, Literature , Results, Analysis, Rephrase]
https://youtu.be/nne-qM6BWxQ
* 我是一名博士生/某領域的學術專家，我要寫一篇[X]的論文，請幫我擬定論文大綱
>>ChatGPT科研最全方法论｜深度使用手册+学术不端避雷指南
https://youtu.be/L6zSOyx7dew

### 1-4 提供此領域初步的文獻回顧結果 (可參考2-5)
***如果可以找到review article綜述性文章，直接看該篇文章會比ChatGPT正確。
***有很多Prompt可以參考，因為許多人都會想使用這個功能。

* Please write a 500 word essay on the [X] including up to 10 citations
>> ChatGPT Tutorial: Write a systematic review under 1 hour
https://youtu.be/RgzBIQfi1nI

* Please outline an essay review of [X]. Focus on [Y]
>> ChatGPT Tutorial: Write a systematic review under 1 hour
https://youtu.be/RgzBIQfi1nI

* Please write the conclusion section of review of [X]. Focus on [Y]
>> ChatGPT Tutorial: Write a systematic review under 1 hour
https://youtu.be/RgzBIQfi1nI

* Can you summarize the scholarly literature on [X]?
>>Using ChatGPT for Scientific Writing: The Dos and Don’ts https://youtu.be/hqMEAQAmLQw

* Write a systemic literature review article on [X]
>>AI tools for writing Systematic Literature Reviews
https://www.youtube.com/live/uOHtseSax0M

* Theoretical development in [X] including citations
>>AI tools for writing Systematic Literature Reviews
https://www.youtube.com/live/uOHtseSax0M

* Create a literature table for recent development on [X]
>>AI tools for writing Systematic Literature Reviews
https://www.youtube.com/live/uOHtseSax0M

### 1-5 使用百科全書作為探索起始點
***許多百科全書等參考資源提供正確且精華的主題知識，然而不一定知道有哪些百科全書有收，通常就直接google維基百科全書的結果。ChatGPT可以幫忙找不同百科全書的內容。
* Can you give me a definition of [X] from different encyclopedia with citation?
>>ChatGPT回答請見本文附錄問題A

## **2. 研究查詢階段：選擇資料庫/資料來源與選用關鍵字**

### 2-1 了解資料類型
***可能有些同學不太清楚什麼是review article, trade publication, industry report, review article等資料類型，可以直接問定義並瞭解如何查到以及使用不同的資料類型
* Summarize in 100 words what a systematic review article is
>> ChatGPT Tutorial: Write a systematic review under 1 hour
https://youtu.be/RgzBIQfi1nI

* How to use industry reports, company profiles, case studies in the project?
* How can [X] students use the industry report?
>>ChatGPT回答請見本文附錄問題B、C

### 2-2 了解適合的資料庫/資料來源
***研究新手往往不太清楚自己的學科領域有哪些資料庫，或是不同類型的資料要從那些資料來源取得，可以由此獲得推薦的資料庫
* What are the sources to download [X] -->可再補充說明所需資料的人事時地物等訊息
>> Unleashing the power of CHAT GPT in academic research https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIUu-swbBj4
* What's the must use library resources for students who are major in [X]
* What's the must-read resources in the [X] feild?
* What's the must-use databases in the [X] feild?
* What's the databases that the freshman in the [X] school should know
* If I want to do research on [X]topic. What databases should I use? Any recommand journals?
>>ChatGPT回答請見本文附錄問題D-H

### 2-3 獲得關鍵字
***臺灣博碩士論文系統、Jstor和有些資料庫都有提供上傳一段摘要文字就根據摘要推薦關鍵字的功能。對領域尚屬陌生的研究者較不清楚可使用哪些關鍵字(同義詞、狹義詞、相關詞、廣義詞)，會很需要關鍵字的推薦功能。
***在研究探索階段往往也可以獲得一定數量的關鍵字。

* I want to find some research papers on [X] topics. Can you give me some suggestions on keywords that I can use in databases?
* Can you give me some useful keywords that I can use for searching academic databses based on this abstract[X]
>>ChatGPT回答請見本文附錄問題I,J
* 請幫我把以下內容裡面的台灣用語改成中國用語：[X]
>>在使用CNKI等中國期刊資料庫查資料時，可能會因為輸入台灣用語而找不到資料的情況，通常資料庫索引典只能做繁簡體轉換，不會做到這種同義詞的辭典，可以使用ChatGPT幫忙轉換。
https://applealmond.com/posts/178157

### 2-4 了解資料庫的使用方式
***有些資料庫建有索引典，然而並非所有人都知道如何使用它來協助資料查詢。(或是資料庫的權威控制檔等功能)。可以直接詢問這些功能要如何使用才有利於資料查詢。
***其他資料庫使用與查詢方式，例如布林邏輯、文獻滾雪球等，其實也可以直接詢問獲得即時的指引。
* Any more suggestions on how to search it efficently?
* What is thesaurus? How can it help me on finding research paper?
>>ChatGPT回答請見本文附錄問題K,L

### 2-5 找文獻資料 (可參考1-4)
***請記得要在Prompt裡面看的出來你需要的是research或academic的資料，且要提醒他提供Citation，有Citation比較好查證是否有誤
***可以強調你需要的是authentic research paper，比較容易查到真的存在的正確文獻
***建議現階段還是使用資料庫查詢較佳

* Provide me relevant literature and references related to the [X]
>>Using ChatGPT for research [Urdu] [Idea, Gap, Writeup, Literature , Results, Analysis, Rephrase]
https://youtu.be/nne-qM6BWxQ

* Provide literature survey on [X] with about 10 research article
>>Research paper writing using Chat GPT open AI | Thesis Writing Using Chat GPT | paper Writing
https://youtu.be/ymj6p0wNKyo

* Can you suggest top articles on the study of the[X]
>>How to use Chat GPT: Opportunities and Risks for Researchers
https://www.animateyour.science/post/how-to-use-chat-gpt-opportunities-and-risks-for-researchers

* Provide me relevant literature and referencing related to the topic[X]
>>Using ChatGPT for research [Urdu] [Idea, Gap, Writeup, Literature , Results, Analysis, Rephrase]
https://youtu.be/nne-qM6BWxQ

* Please provide up to 3 publications published within the years [X to Y] on[Z]
>> ChatGPT Tutorial: Write a systematic review under 1 hour
https://youtu.be/RgzBIQfi1nI

* Can you find some authentic research papers based on this abstract[X]?
* Can you tell me how to find high impact journal article on [X] topic and show me some authentic research paper with citation?
>>ChatGPT回答請見本文附錄問題M,N

## **3.研究資料閱讀階段：翻譯、摘要、建議**

### 3-1 翻譯
***許多人看原文文章會比較吃力，或是希望可以閱讀其他外文文章，就可以請ChatGPT幫忙翻譯。
* 你是萬用的翻譯員，之後帶有 #__ 兩個英文字母的後續內容都可以參照 "ISO 639-1" 來翻譯成對應語言的內容，如果沒有對應的代號，則換成用該國家的主要語言。直接翻譯就好，可以不必重複原文內容。
#翻譯語言[X]
要翻譯的文章[Y]
>>ChatGPT生活運用內Cool man在3/16的分享
>>ISO 639-1 https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/ISO_639-1%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E8%A1%A8
### 3-2 摘要與改寫
***除了可以直接貼文字請ChatGPT摘要或改寫外，也可以請他示範如何摘要、改寫及說明相關技巧。
* Summarize the below article[X]
>>https://jobgpt.ai/chatgpt-prompts-for-students/
* What differences between paraphrasing, summarising and citing? Can you give me examples and tell me how to do?
* I dont' know how to paraphrase. Can you tell more strategies or tips to do this?
>>ChatGPT回答請見本文附錄問題O,P

### 3-3 貼上一段研究結果資料請他解讀
***通常看學術文章是看摘要、結論就可以大概知道是否需要仔細閱讀文章內容，也可以請ChatGPT幫忙看。不過，通常這篇文章是否是自己需要，還是會跟自己的研究目的、問題意識有關，如果是重要文章就建議還是自己閱讀。
* Can you summarize the results section of [X]paper?
>>Using ChatGPT for Scientific Writing: The Dos and Don’ts https://youtu.be/hqMEAQAmLQw

* Discuss the results for the [X]paper
>>Using ChatGPT for writing in research
https://youtu.be/tEdM9e_ycFU

* Suggest five ideas for follow-up work of [X]paper
>>Using ChatGPT for writing in research
https://youtu.be/tEdM9e_ycFU

* Can you compare [X] to [Y]
>>Can ChatGPT Write Your Next Scientific Paper?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnGPt030IG4

* Write a discussion based on [X] and in accordance with the existing research. The answer should be in a continuous paragraphed form. Please provide citations from authentic research papers
>>Using ChatGPT for research [Urdu] [Idea, Gap, Writeup, Literature , Results, Analysis, Rephrase]
https://youtu.be/nne-qM6BWxQ

## **4.研究方法引導**
***研究者各種各樣的研究問題都可以丟給ChatGPT幫忙腦力激盪，在Prompt裡面給多一點研究細節，可以獲得更多合適的建議。然而要瞭解完整的研究方法或觀摩其他人的研究設計，還是需要看相關書籍或學術文章。

* The population is academic, provide me with a research design, hypothesis and relevant citations
>>Using ChatGPT for research [Urdu] [Idea, Gap, Writeup, Literature , Results, Analysis, Rephrase]
https://youtu.be/nne-qM6BWxQ

* How would I test the hypothesis that [X] ?
>>ChatGPT for Scientific Research: How to use AI as a Partner in Your Research
https://youtu.be/KhRY-ktKB-4

* Suggest me how I can conduct this study using qualitative research. What questions should I ask? How can I find relationship between [X] and [Y] using qualitative research
>>Using ChatGPT for research [Urdu] [Idea, Gap, Writeup, Literature , Results, Analysis, Rephrase]
https://youtu.be/nne-qM6BWxQ

* By making [X] as independent variable suggest a topic with quantitative research and survey based research, add some moderators and mediators. The topic should be base upon some research gap in the literature
>>Using ChatGPT for research [Urdu] [Idea, Gap, Writeup, Literature , Results, Analysis, Rephrase]
https://youtu.be/nne-qM6BWxQ

* What are the variable to consider to measure []
>> Unleashing the power of CHAT GPT in academic research https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIUu-swbBj4

* How many participants do you typically include in a [X] study
>>Using ChatGPT for writing in research
https://youtu.be/tEdM9e_ycFU

* Do you have tips for the experimental design for a [X]study
>>Using ChatGPT for writing in research
https://youtu.be/tEdM9e_ycFU

* Suggest me the most used and well-validated and appropriate scale for measuring [x]
>>Using ChatGPT for research [Urdu] [Idea, Gap, Writeup, Literature , Results, Analysis, Rephrase]
https://youtu.be/nne-qM6BWxQ

* Which is best and user friendly software for applying [X]model
>> Unleashing the power of CHAT GPT in academic research https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIUu-swbBj4

* [X]的研究大概都是使用什麼研究資料和研究方法
>>ChatGPT科研最全方法论｜深度使用手册+学术不端避雷指南
https://youtu.be/L6zSOyx7dew

## **5.研究撰寫階段：草稿撰寫、文章修訂、引用格式**

### 5-1 草稿撰寫
***有時不知道如何下筆，可以請ChatGPT幫忙。在摘要、前言、標題這些比較需要引人注意同時又要清晰簡潔傳達研究重點的段落，可以請ChatGPT幫忙寫草稿後自己再改寫。
* I am writing a scholarly research article on [X], Could you write an introduction for this paper?
>>Using ChatGPT for Scientific Writing: The Dos and Don’ts https://youtu.be/hqMEAQAmLQw
>>
* Provide short opening lines for a literature review on [X]
>>How to use Chat GPT: Opportunities and Risks for Researchers
https://www.animateyour.science/post/how-to-use-chat-gpt-opportunities-and-risks-for-researchers
* Please write a results section for a scholarly paper where we found that[X]. Please write this in third person.
>> Using ChatGPT for Scientific Writing: The Dos and Don’ts https://youtu.be/hqMEAQAmLQw
* Suggest five titles for this paper[X]
>> Suggest creative alternatives to the following title:
Using ChatGPT for writing in research
https://youtu.be/tEdM9e_ycFU

### 5-2 文章修訂
***對於母語並非英文的人來說，要寫出道地的英文文章並不容易，更別說是學術性質的文章。除了請ChatGPT協助批改英文的基本文法錯誤外，也可以請他做學術論文上的修訂與改寫。他也可以提供寫作上的建議。

* Can you improve this passage, using active voice?
>>Can ChatGPT Write Your Next Scientific Paper?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnGPt030IG4

* You are the best psychology professor in the world marking this essay. What would you suggest to improve this paragraph?
>>Using ChatGPT to do an Oxford PhD: My experience so far
https://youtu.be/dpPbidT2o1g

* You are the best psychology professor. Rewrite this essay plan.
>>Using ChatGPT to do an Oxford PhD: My experience so far
https://youtu.be/dpPbidT2o1g

* How could I improve the style of my writing?
>>Using ChatGPT to do an Oxford PhD: My experience so far
https://youtu.be/dpPbidT2o1g

* Revise the following paragraph from the introduction of an academic paper (with the title[X] and keywords[X])so most of the citations to other academic papers is correct, spelling errors are fixed, and the text is in active voice and has a clear structure.
>>What ChatGPT and generative AI mean for science
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00340-6

* 請將下段文字[X]以Nature的文章風格潤飾
>>ChatGPT科研最全方法论｜深度使用手册+学术不端避雷指南
https://youtu.be/L6zSOyx7dew

### 5-3 引用格式
***學生或引用新手對於引用格式可能不太熟悉，最好的方式雖然是看引用格式手冊原文，但是也可以詢問ChatGPT。Endnote等書目管理工具的問題也可以詢問看看。
* How to cite podcast using APA 7 style?
* What is Chicago citation style? I major in History, I want to know how to use it correctly.
* Why Endnote is important for researchers? How to use it efficently?
>>ChatGPT回答請見本文附錄問題Q-S

---

## 附錄：ChatGPT問答結果
此部分為我的測試結果，提問的英文可能有誤請見諒。
### 問題A: 1-5使用百科全書作為探索起始點
Can you give me a definition of ESG from different encyclopedia with citation?
### 答案A
Sure, here are some definitions of ESG from different encyclopedias:
1. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Business and Management defines ESG as "the collective term used to describe the three key areas of environmental, social, and governance factors that are used to evaluate the sustainability and ethical impact of investments" (Crane et al., 2017, p. 10).
Reference: Crane, A., Matten, D., & Moon, J. (2017). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts and Debates. In S. Armstrong & C. Nobes (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Law and Governance (pp. 1-40). Oxford University Press.
2. The International Encyclopedia of Geography defines ESG as "an acronym for environmental, social, and governance criteria that have become a focal point of sustainable investment" (Kempf, 2017, p. 1).
Reference: Kempf, H. (2017). Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Criteria. In D. Richardson, N. Castree, M. F. Goodchild, A. Kobayashi, W. Liu, & R. A. Marston (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment, and Technology (pp. 1-4). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3. The Encyclopedia of Sustainable Development defines ESG as "a framework used to evaluate the performance of companies, countries, and other entities on environmental, social, and governance issues" (Baumgartner & Coggins, 2012, p. 294).
Reference: Baumgartner, R. J., & Coggins, J. S. (2012). Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance. In R. E. Wright (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Sustainability (pp. 294-296). Berkshire Publishing Group.
4. The SAGE Handbook of Corporate Governance defines ESG as "a set of metrics used by investors to evaluate a company's operations and assess its impact on society and the environment" (Hill, 2012, p. 550).
Reference: Hill, C. W. L. (2012). Corporate Governance: A Synthesis of Theory, Research, and Practice. In A. T. Kearney (Ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Corporate Governance (pp. 533-554). Sage Publications.
These definitions provide a good overview of the concept of ESG and its various dimensions.

### 問題B: 2-1 了解資料類型
How to use industry reports, company profiles, case studies in the project
### 答案B
Industry reports, company profiles, and case studies are valuable resources that can be used in projects related to management or business. Here are some tips on how to use these resources effectively:
1. Industry Reports: Industry reports provide an in-depth analysis of a particular industry, including trends, challenges, opportunities, and key players. To use industry reports in your project, start by identifying the industry you are interested in and find a relevant report. Read through the report carefully, paying attention to the key findings, data, and insights. Use the information you gather to inform your project and support your arguments. Be sure to cite the report appropriately to give credit to the source.
2. Company Profiles: Company profiles provide detailed information about a particular company, including its history, products or services, organizational structure, financial performance, and more. To use company profiles in your project, start by identifying the company you are interested in and find a relevant profile. Read through the profile carefully, paying attention to the key information that is relevant to your project. Use the information you gather to inform your analysis of the company and its operations. Be sure to cite the profile appropriately to give credit to the source.
3. Case Studies: Case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a particular business situation, including the challenges faced, strategies employed, and outcomes achieved. To use case studies in your project, start by identifying a relevant case study that is related to your project topic. Read through the case study carefully, paying attention to the key details, insights, and recommendations. Use the information you gather to inform your analysis and support your arguments. Be sure to cite the case study appropriately to give credit to the source.
When using these resources in your project, it's important to analyze and interpret the information you gather in a critical and thoughtful way. Don't simply summarize the information - instead, use it to support your arguments and draw your own conclusions. Additionally, be sure to cite your sources properly to give credit to the authors and demonstrate the credibility of your work.

### 問題C: 2-1 了解資料類型
How can business students use the industry report?
### 答案C
Industry reports can be a valuable resource for business students, providing a wealth of information about specific industries, including trends, opportunities, and challenges. Here are some of the ways in which business students can use industry reports:
1. Conduct market research: Industry reports provide detailed information about market size, growth rates, and market segments. Business students can use this information to conduct market research, identify trends and opportunities, and develop marketing strategies for specific products or services.
2. Understand industry dynamics: Industry reports provide an overview of the competitive landscape, including major players, market share, and market trends. Business students can use this information to understand industry dynamics and assess the competitive position of specific companies.
3. Develop industry expertise: Industry reports provide a wealth of information about specific industries, including industry-specific terminology, regulations, and best practices. Business students can use this information to develop industry expertise, which can be valuable in job interviews and career advancement.
4. Analyze industry trends: Industry reports provide insights into emerging trends and technological advancements that are impacting specific industries. Business students can use this information to identify potential opportunities and threats, and to develop strategies to adapt to changing market conditions.
5. Develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills: Industry reports often present complex information and data that require critical thinking and analysis. Business students can use industry reports to develop their critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential in the business world.
In summary, industry reports are a valuable resource for business students, providing insights and information that can be used to conduct market research, understand industry dynamics, develop industry expertise, analyze trends, and develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. By using industry reports effectively, business students can gain a competitive advantage in the job market and advance their careers in the business world.

### 問題D: 2-2 了解適合的資料庫/資料來源
What's the must use library resources for students who are major in management or business
### 答案D
There are several library resources that students majoring in management or business may find useful. Here are a few:
1. Business Source Complete: This is a database that provides access to scholarly articles, industry reports, company profiles, and other business-related resources. It covers a wide range of topics, including marketing, finance, accounting, human resources, and more.
2. Harvard Business Review: The Harvard Business Review is a leading source of management and business content. It includes articles on a range of topics, including leadership, strategy, innovation, and organizational behavior. The Harvard Business Review also publishes case studies that can be valuable for students who are studying business.
3. JSTOR: JSTOR is a digital library that provides access to thousands of academic journals, books, and primary sources. It covers a wide range of disciplines, including business and management. JSTOR can be particularly useful for students who are looking for historical context on business and management topics.
4. ProQuest: ProQuest is a database that provides access to academic journals, newspapers, magazines, and other sources. It covers a wide range of disciplines, including business and management. ProQuest also includes access to industry reports and company profiles, which can be useful for students who are researching particular industries or companies.
5. Datastream: Datastream is a financial and economic database that provides access to a wide range of data on companies, industries, and financial markets. It can be particularly useful for students who are studying finance or economics.
6. Statista: Statista is a database that provides access to statistics and market data on a wide range of topics, including business and management. It includes data on industries, companies, and consumer behavior, which can be useful for students who are studying marketing or consumer behavior.
These resources are just a few examples of the many library resources that students majoring in management or business may find useful. It's a good idea to consult with a librarian at your university or college to find out which resources are available to you and how to use them effectively.

### 問題E: 2-2 了解適合的資料庫/資料來源
What's the must-read resources in the ESG feild?
### 答案E
The field of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) is rapidly evolving, and there are many resources available that can help individuals stay informed and up-to-date on the latest trends and best practices. Here are some must-read resources in the ESG field:
1. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards: The GRI is an international organization that develops and promotes sustainability reporting standards. The GRI Standards are widely used by companies, governments, and other organizations to report on their sustainability performance.
2. Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD): The TCFD is a global initiative that aims to improve the disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities by companies. The TCFD provides recommendations for companies to disclose climate-related information in their financial reporting.
3. Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI): The PRI is a global organization that promotes responsible investment practices. The PRI provides a framework for investors to integrate ESG factors into their investment decisions.
4. Sustainable Accounting Standards Board (SASB): The SASB is a nonprofit organization that develops sustainability accounting standards for companies. The SASB standards are designed to help companies report on material sustainability issues in a standardized and comparable way.
5. United Nations Global Compact (UNGC): The UNGC is a voluntary initiative that encourages companies to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies and practices. The UNGC provides a framework for companies to align their strategies and operations with universal principles on human rights, labor, environment, and anti-corruption.
In summary, the above resources are widely recognized and regarded as must-read resources in the ESG field. They provide guidelines, frameworks, and standards for companies, investors, and other stakeholders to integrate ESG factors into their decision-making processes and achieve sustainable outcomes.

### 問題F: 2-2 了解適合的資料庫/資料來源
What's the must-use databases in the ESG or SDG feild?
### 答案F
There are several databases that can be useful for individuals interested in the ESG or SDG field. Here are some must-use databases:
1. Thomson Reuters ESG Database: This database provides comprehensive ESG data and analytics for companies worldwide. It includes data on over 10,000 companies, covering more than 400 ESG indicators.
2. MSCI ESG Research: MSCI is a leading provider of ESG research and data. Its ESG research covers more than 8,500 companies and provides data on over 600 ESG metrics.
3. Sustainalytics: Sustainalytics is a global ESG research and ratings firm that provides ESG research and analysis for companies, investors, and other stakeholders. It covers over 20,000 companies and provides ratings and research reports on ESG performance.
4. UN Global Compact (UNGC) Integrity Measures Database: This database provides information on corruption-related risks and anti-corruption measures taken by companies. It includes information on over 7,000 companies and is searchable by industry and country.
5. SDG Tracker: The SDG Tracker is an interactive database that provides real-time data and analysis on progress towards the SDGs. It includes data on all 17 SDGs, as well as data on specific targets and indicators.
In summary, these databases provide a wealth of information and analysis on ESG and SDG issues. They can be invaluable tools for individuals, organizations, and investors looking to assess ESG or SDG performance, identify risks and opportunities, and track progress towards sustainable development.

### 問題G: 2-2 了解適合的資料庫/資料來源
What's the databases that the freshman in the business school should know
### 答案G
As a freshman in a business school, it is important to become familiar with various databases that can help you conduct research, find information, and stay up-to-date with industry trends. Here are some databases that you should consider learning:
1. Bloomberg Terminal: The Bloomberg Terminal is a computer software system that provides real-time financial data, news feeds, and messaging services to finance professionals. It is widely used in the finance industry and provides access to a wide range of financial data and analytics.
2. Factiva: Factiva is a database that provides access to a wide range of global news sources, including newspapers, newswires, and magazines. It is widely used by business professionals for news and research purposes.
3. LexisNexis: LexisNexis is a database that provides access to legal and business information, including news articles, legal cases, and company information. It is widely used by legal professionals and business professionals for research purposes.
4. ProQuest: ProQuest is a database that provides access to academic journals, newspapers, and magazines. It is widely used by researchers and academics for research purposes.
5. IBISWorld: IBISWorld is a database that provides industry research reports for a wide range of industries. It is widely used by business professionals for industry analysis and market research.
6. Datastream: Datastream is a database that provides access to financial and economic data from around the world. It is widely used by finance professionals for data analysis and research purposes.
7. Euromonitor: Euromonitor is a database that provides market research reports for a wide range of industries and regions. It is widely used by business professionals for market analysis and research purposes.
Overall, becoming familiar with these databases can help you conduct research, find information, and stay up-to-date with industry trends. As you progress through your business school education, you may also become familiar with additional databases that are specific to your area of study.

### 問題H: 2-2 了解適合的資料庫/資料來源
If I want to do research on ESG topic. What databases should I use? Any recommand journals?
### 答案H
If you want to do research on ESG topics, there are several databases you can use to search for relevant literature, including:
1. Web of Science
2. Scopus
3. Business Source Complete
4. JSTOR
5. ProQuest
These databases contain a wide range of academic journals, conference proceedings, books, and other sources related to ESG topics. You can use a combination of keywords related to ESG, such as "environmental, social, governance," "sustainability," "ethical investing," and "corporate responsibility," to search for relevant articles and other materials.
As for recommended journals, some of the top journals in the field of ESG include:
1. Journal of Business Ethics
2. Journal of Corporate Finance
3. Business Ethics Quarterly
4. Journal of Environmental Management
5. Sustainability
These journals publish high-quality research on ESG-related topics and can be a good source of information for your research.

### 問題I: 2-3 獲得關鍵字
I want to find some research papers on ESG topics. Can you give me some suggestions on keywords that I can use in databases?
>>摘要來自: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358760648_ESG_Sustainability_and_Path_Forward
### 答案
Sure, here are some keywords and phrases that you can use to search for research papers on ESG topics:
• Environmental, social, and governance
• Corporate social responsibility
• Sustainable investing
• Socially responsible investing
• Ethical investing
• Green investing
• Impact investing
• ESG metrics
• Climate risk
• Sustainability reporting
• Social responsibility reporting
• ESG disclosure
• Responsible investment
• Environmental risk management
• Social impact assessment
• Corporate citizenship
You can try using these keywords alone or in combination with other relevant keywords related to your specific research question or area of interest. You can also try using truncation or wildcards to expand your search results, such as "sustainab*" to capture variations of the term, such as "sustainability," "sustainable," or "sustaining." Additionally, you can try searching in academic databases such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, and ScienceDirect for relevant research papers on ESG topics.

### 問題J: 2-3 獲得關鍵字
I want to find some research papers on ESG topics. Can you give me some suggestions on keywords that I can use in databases?
Can you give me some useful keywords that I can use for searching academic databses based on this abstract "In this study, we looked at the notion of ESG (Environment, Social, and Governance) from a variety of different angles and views. We went back to the beginnings of ESG and looked at the evolution of responsible investing, which began in 1987 and has evolved into what we now know as ESG today. We reviewed the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) from a global viewpoint, as well as its interpretation across diverse economies and geographies. During the meeting, we also addressed the issues that ESG will face in the future, as well as some of the current work that will be useful for ESG and sustainability management in the near future."
>>摘要來自: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358760648_ESG_Sustainability_and_Path_Forward
### 答案J
Certainly! Here are some keywords and phrases you could use for searching academic databases based on the abstract you provided:
• ESG
• Environment
• Social
• Governance
• Responsible investing
• Sustainable investing
• Environmental factors
• Social factors
• Governance factors
• Global perspective
• Cross-cultural
• Cross-country
• Future issues
• Sustainability management
You could also try using the authors' names or the title of the paper (if available) as additional keywords in your search. In addition, you might consider adding more specific keywords related to the topics covered in the paper, such as "climate change," "human rights," or "diversity and inclusion," depending on your research question or area of interest.

### 問題K: 2-4 了解資料庫的使用方式
Any more suggestions on how to search it efficently?
### 答案K
Yes, here are a few more tips to help you search for ESG research papers efficiently:
1. Use Boolean operators: Boolean operators such as "AND," "OR," and "NOT" can help you to narrow or broaden your search. For example, if you're interested in research on the environmental impact of ESG investing, you could search for "ESG AND environmental impact" to find papers that include both terms.
2. Use quotation marks: Using quotation marks around a phrase can help to ensure that you find results that include that exact phrase. For example, searching for "sustainable investing" in quotation marks will only return results that include that exact phrase, rather than results that include the individual words "sustainable" and "investing" separately.
3. Use limiters: Many academic databases have limiters that allow you to filter your search results based on criteria such as publication date, language, and type of publication. Using these limiters can help you to quickly find relevant research papers that meet your specific criteria.
4. Look for related keywords: In addition to the ESG-related keywords I suggested earlier, look for related keywords that may be used in research papers on ESG topics. For example, if you're interested in researching the social impact of ESG investing, you could also search for keywords related to social issues such as "diversity," "inclusion," and "human rights."
5. Check reference lists: Once you've found a few relevant research papers, check their reference lists for other papers on ESG topics. This can help you to quickly build a list of relevant papers and expand your search.

### 問題L: 2-4 了解資料庫的使用方式
What is thesaurus? How can it help me on finding research paper?
### 答案L
A thesaurus is a reference tool that lists synonyms (words with similar meanings) and antonyms (words with opposite meanings) for a given word. It can help you find alternative words or expressions to use in your writing to convey the same meaning as your original word, but with a different shade of meaning.
In terms of finding research papers, a thesaurus may be useful when searching online databases or library catalogs for relevant literature. Many search engines and library catalogs have a thesaurus feature that allows you to search for related keywords or phrases that may help you find more relevant results. For example, if you are researching a topic related to "climate change," a thesaurus may suggest related terms such as "global warming," "greenhouse gases," or "carbon footprint." By using these related terms in your search, you may be able to find more relevant research papers and other resources that you might not have found otherwise.
Overall, using a thesaurus can help you improve the quality of your writing and help you find more relevant research papers by providing alternative words and related terms to use in your search.

### 問題M: 2-5 找文獻資料
Can you find some authentic research papers based on this abstract "In this study, we looked at the notion of ESG (Environment, Social, and Governance) from a variety of different angles and views. We went back to the beginnings of ESG and looked at the evolution of responsible investing, which began in 1987 and has evolved into what we now know as ESG today. We reviewed the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) from a global viewpoint, as well as its interpretation across diverse economies and geographies. During the meeting, we also addressed the issues that ESG will face in the future, as well as some of the current work that will be useful for ESG and sustainability management in the near future."
### 答案M
Certainly, here are a few research papers that could be relevant based on the abstract you provided:
1. "The Evolution of Socially Responsible Investing: A Critical Review and Analysis of the Process of ESG Integration," by Jonatan Pinkse and Ans Kolk (2012).
2. "A Review of the ESG Literature: An Examination of the Emerging ESG Paradigm, with a Focus on the Sustainable Development Goals," by Sean Ansett and Brian Ganson (2018).
3. "Global Perspectives on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors in Investment Decision Making," by Alexandra Mihailescu and Robert G. Eccles (2019).
4. "ESG Integration in Sovereign Debt Analysis: A Systematic Literature Review," by Rafael Leal-Arcas and Dmitry Lysenko (2020).
5. "A Review of ESG Research in Finance: Implications for Future Research," by Joachim Gassen (2021).
These papers are all peer-reviewed and published in reputable academic journals. They cover a range of ESG-related topics and could provide useful insights for your research.

### 問題N: 2-5 找文獻資料
Can you tell me how to find high impact journal article on ESG topic and show me some authentic research paper with citation?
### 答案N
Certainly! Finding high-impact journal articles on ESG topics requires searching reputable academic databases, such as Web of Science or Scopus, and identifying journals that are highly regarded in the field of sustainability and responsible investing. Here are some steps you can follow:
1. Choose a database: Start by selecting an academic database that indexes high-impact journals in the field of sustainability and responsible investing. Examples of such databases include Web of Science, Scopus, and JSTOR.
2. Search for relevant keywords: Use the keywords and phrases from the abstract you provided earlier, along with any additional relevant terms, to search for articles in the database.
3. Filter results by journal impact factor: Once you have a list of relevant articles, you can use the journal impact factor to help you identify high-impact journals in the field. The impact factor is a measure of a journal's influence, calculated by dividing the number of citations received by the number of articles published in the journal during a certain time period. Journals with higher impact factors are typically considered more prestigious in the academic community.
4. Evaluate the quality of the articles: It's important to evaluate the quality of the articles you find to ensure that they are reliable and credible sources. Look for articles that are published in reputable, peer-reviewed journals, and that are written by experts in the field.
Here are some examples of high-quality research papers on ESG topics, along with their citations:
1. Eccles, R. G., & Serafeim, G. (2013). The Performance Frontier: Innovating for a Sustainable Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 91(5), 50-60.
2. Kolk, A., & Pinkse, J. (2010). The Integration of Corporate Governance in Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 17(1), 15-26.
3. Grewal, J., & Gotzmann, N. (2020). Environmental, Social, and Governance Criteria and Investor Expectations: Evidence from Market Reactions to Poor ESG Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 162(1), 175-197.
4. Hoepner, A. G., Oikonomou, I., & Scholtens, B. (2019). The Effects of Corporate and Country Sustainability Characteristics on the Cost of Debt: An International Investigation. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 46(9-10), 1191-1220.
5. Lee, C. K., & Yeo, J. H. (2020). Environmental, Social, and Governance Factors in Investment: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Sustainability, 12(14), 5732.
These papers are all published in high-impact journals and cover a range of ESG-related topics.

### 問題O: 3-2 摘要與改寫
What differences between paraphrasing, summarising and citing? Can you give me examples and tell me how to do?
### 答案O
Paraphrasing, summarizing, and citing are three different methods of using information from outside sources in your writing. Here's an explanation of each and how to do it properly:
1. Paraphrasing: Paraphrasing involves taking an idea or information from a source and putting it into your own words, while still conveying the same meaning. It's important to avoid using the same language or structure as the original source. You should also provide an in-text citation to acknowledge the source. Here's an example:
Original sentence: "The prevalence of obesity in the United States has increased dramatically in recent years."
Paraphrased sentence: "In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the occurrence of obesity in the United States" (Jones, 2019).
2. Summarizing: Summarizing involves condensing the main ideas of a source into a shorter, more concise version. You should avoid including unnecessary details and focus on the most important points. You should also provide an in-text citation to acknowledge the source. Here's an example:
Original passage: "According to recent studies, exercise can have a significant impact on mental health by reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, improving cognitive function, and increasing overall well-being."
Summary: Recent research has shown that exercise can improve mental health by reducing depression and anxiety symptoms, enhancing cognitive function, and promoting overall well-being (Smith, 2020).
3. Citing: Citing involves referencing a source in your writing, usually in the form of an in-text citation or a bibliography entry. This is important for giving credit to the original author and avoiding plagiarism. You should follow the citation style guidelines specified by your instructor or publisher, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Here's an example of an in-text citation:
"In a study conducted by Johnson (2018), it was found that social media use has a significant impact on self-esteem in young adults."
Overall, paraphrasing and summarizing involve using information from sources in your own writing, while citing involves acknowledging the original source through in-text citations and a bibliography. It's important to use all three methods correctly and to avoid plagiarism by giving credit to the original author.

### 問題P: 3-2 摘要與改寫
I dont' know how to paraphrase. Can you tell more strategies or tips to do this?
### 答案P
Sure! Paraphrasing can be a challenging task, but here are some strategies and tips that can help you:
1. Read the original passage carefully: Before you start paraphrasing, make sure you understand the original passage thoroughly. Read it several times, and try to identify the main ideas and key points.
2. Use your own words: When you paraphrase, you should use your own words to convey the same meaning as the original passage. Avoid using the same words or sentence structure as the original.
3. Change the sentence structure: You can change the sentence structure of the original passage to make it your own. Try using a different sentence length or structure to convey the same idea.
4. Use synonyms: Use synonyms to replace words in the original passage. This can help you avoid using the same words as the original and make your paraphrase more unique.
5. Focus on the main ideas: When paraphrasing, focus on the main ideas and key points of the original passage. You don't need to include every detail or example.
6. Compare your paraphrase to the original: After you've written your paraphrase, compare it to the original passage to make sure you haven't copied any words or sentence structure.
7. Use citation: Don't forget to cite your sources to avoid plagiarism.
It's important to remember that paraphrasing is not just about changing a few words or rearranging sentences. It involves understanding the original passage and conveying the same ideas in your own words. With practice and these strategies, you can become better at paraphrasing.

### 問題Q: 5-3 引用格式
How to cite podcast using APA 7 style?
### 答案Q
To cite a podcast using APA 7 style, follow the following format:
Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of podcast episode [Audio podcast episode]. In Title of podcast. Publisher. URL
For example:
Kornfield, J. (Host). (2022, January 4). Practicing with pain and illness [Audio podcast episode]. In The Jack Kornfield Hour. Be Here Now Network. https://beherenownetwork.com/jack-kornfield-ep-141-practicing-with-pain-and-illness/
In this example, Jack Kornfield is the host of the podcast episode titled "Practicing with pain and illness," which was published on January 4, 2022, under the podcast title "The Jack Kornfield Hour," which is produced by Be Here Now Network. The URL is included to provide direct access to the podcast.
Note: If the podcast episode does not have a specific title, you can use a description of the episode in brackets instead.

### 問題R: 5-3 引用格式
What is Chicago citation style? I major in History, I want to know how to use it correctly.
### 答案R
The Chicago citation style is a method of citing sources in academic writing. It is also known as the "Chicago Manual of Style" or simply "Chicago Style." This citation style is widely used in the humanities, including history, literature, and the arts.

In Chicago citation style, there are two main citation formats: the notes-bibliography system (also known as "humanities style") and the author-date system (also known as "social sciences style").

The notes-bibliography system uses footnotes or endnotes to provide full source information in the body of the text, and a corresponding bibliography at the end of the document that lists all the sources used in alphabetical order. The author-date system, on the other hand, places the author's name and publication date in parentheses within the text itself, and then provides a corresponding reference list at the end of the document.

To use the Chicago citation style correctly, you should consult the latest edition of the Chicago Manual of Style, which provides detailed instructions and examples for citing a wide variety of sources, including books, journal articles, websites, and more. The manual also covers topics such as formatting, punctuation, and grammar.

As a history major, you will likely be using the notes-bibliography system. Here is a basic example of a Chicago-style footnote citation for a book:

Eric Foner, The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery (New York: W. W. Norton, 2010), 27.
This citation includes the author's name, the book title, the place of publication, the publisher, and the year of publication. The page number(s) where the information can be found is also included.

It's important to note that there are different citation styles within the Chicago Manual of Style, so be sure to follow the guidelines for the notes-bibliography system when citing sources in your history papers.

### 問題S: 5-3 引用格式
Why Endnote is important for researchers? How to use it efficently?
### 答案S
EndNote is a reference management software that helps researchers collect, organize, and cite sources in their research papers. It is an important tool for researchers because it allows them to manage a large number of sources easily and efficiently, saving them time and ensuring accuracy in their citations.

Here are some of the benefits of using EndNote:

Organizing sources: EndNote allows researchers to easily organize their sources by creating libraries of references. These libraries can be sorted, searched, and grouped based on different criteria, making it easy to find the sources you need for your research.

Citing sources: EndNote allows researchers to easily insert citations in their papers using the citation style of their choice. This saves time and ensures that citations are formatted correctly.

Collaboration: EndNote makes it easy for researchers to collaborate with others by sharing their libraries with colleagues. This can be especially helpful when working on large research projects with multiple contributors.

To use EndNote efficiently, it's important to learn how to:

Import references: EndNote allows you to import references from a variety of sources, including databases, websites, and other reference management tools. You can also manually enter references if needed.

Organize references: You can create groups, labels, and keywords to help organize your references and make them easier to find.

Insert citations: You can use EndNote to insert citations in your paper using the citation style of your choice. You can also create custom citation styles if needed.

Generate bibliographies: EndNote can generate bibliographies automatically based on the references in your paper. This saves time and ensures that your bibliography is formatted correctly.

Collaborate with others: EndNote allows you to share your library with others, making it easy to collaborate on research projects.

There are many resources available to help you learn how to use EndNote efficiently, including online tutorials, user guides, and support forums. It's worth taking the time to learn how to use EndNote effectively, as it can save you a lot of time and effort in the long run.