Assignment1: RISC-V Assembly and Instruction Pipeline

Due: Oct 14, 2024

Requirements

1. Following the instructions of Lab1: RV32I Simulator, you shall get acquainted with RISC-V assembly programs (RV32I ISA) and output to the console with environment calls.
2. Choose one problem (A, B, or C) from Quiz1, translate it from C code to a complete RISC-V assembly program, and include the relevant test data.
   • When translating C code to RISC-V assembly, avoid a mindless, direct conversion. Instead, use this opportunity to enhance the code. Your RISC-V assembly should demonstrate improvements in both code size and runtime performance compared to what a general C compiler would produce. Aim to leverage the strengths of RISC-V architecture to create more efficient assembly code than automated compilation.
   • Generate a simplified (but still informative) use case that serves as the subject for your assignment, demonstrating examples selected from LeetCode or practical open-source projects related to the above-selected problems (i.e., derived from Problem A/B/C from Quiz1). For instance, you can create a use case that involves performing branchless counting leading zero operations on integer base-2 values, titled "Implement log2 with branchless clz" or "Matrix multiplication using bfloat16." Alternatively, it is acceptable to specify the use cases like "Optimize LeetCode Problem #X by using half-precision floating point to reduce memory usage."
   • You are required to use only RV32I instructions (without M or F/D extensions) for floating-point data manipulation. This means you should not depend on a C compiler to generate assembly routines; instead, you must write RISC-V assembly code from scratch.
   • At least 3 test data should be included in your program(s).
     • Instead of accepting an external dataset, you can inline predefined data directly. You should automate the testing procedures as much as possible, meaning there's no need to manually check each program output. Instead, implement internal validation to handle the result checking.
   • Do choose a unique subject to work on, as each student should have a separate program. Starting earlier is advised to ensure you have ample time for your work.
   • Your program(s) must include loops (or recursive calls) and conditional branches, especially when writing test cases.
   • You must demonstrate iterative efforts to enhance the RISC-V programs, including reducing code size and minimizing runtime overhead, with explicit measurements.
   • Although you MUST write down your own RISC-V assembly, you can still verify the output of the C compiler's assembly output. As a result, you are able to describe the entire program.
   • You must ensure that the program functions correctly with the Ripes simulator.
   • Reference: Example RISC-V Assembly Programs and arch-riscv-progs.
3. You must provide explanations for both the program's functionality and the operation of each instruction using the Ripes simulator.
   • Using the visualization for signals such as register write/enable signals, multiplexer input selection, and more, describe your application. You must provide examples for each stage, including IF, ID, IE, MEM, and WB. You should also explain the appropriate memory update steps.
4. Write down your thoughts and progress in HackMD notes.
   • Example page
   • Insert your HackMD notes and RISC-V assembly programs in the following table.
   • Your HackMD page should be Published and editable as Signed-in write.
   • Write in English and feel free to utilize ChatGPT or QuillBot to improve your writing.
5. BONUS: If you participate in class discussions during code reviews or test question reviews, the instructor may consider awarding extra credit.

Fill in the table for your homework

$\to$ Edit # # this page # # after after logging into HackMD.
Be aware of spaces. Separate each item with |. Your HackMD page should be Published and editable as Signed-in write.

Formal given name	Descriptions	HackMD note	Source code (GitHub/gist hyperlink)
Sample0	Palindrome Linked List	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
Sample1	Patching Array	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
Sample2	Three Consecutive Odds	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
Sample3	Implement Variable Byte Compression By Counting Leading Zeros	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
Sample4	Get sine value without floating point multiplication support	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
曾遠哲	Minimum Speed to Arrive on Time	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
陳家揚	Power of Four	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
王晴文	Number of 1 bits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
方榮彬	Compute Hamming Distance with counting leading zero	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
郭昱辰	Maximum XOR of Two Numbers in an Array	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
簡子昕	Two Out of Three	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
柳嘉祐	Binary Number with Alternating Bits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
陳彥廷	Number Complement	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
鄭煦霖	Single Number II	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
盧尚毅	Sort Integers by The Number of 1 Bits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
賴傑南	Binary Gap	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
郭子敬	Valid Perfect Square	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
劉哲維	Reverse Bits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
李皓翔	Integer Replacement	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
戴均原	Bitwise AND of Numbers Range	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
陳柏勳	Counting Bits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
阮祈翰	Number of Bit Changes to Make Two Integers Equal	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
饒胤琛	Check if Bitwise OR Has Trailing Zeros	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ check the permission of HackMD note	code
莊易騰	Find the K-or of an Array	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
吳中玄	Power of Two	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ check the permission of HackMD note	code
邱柏穎	1D Convolution by FP16	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
張恩祥	Race car	Lab1: RV32I Assembly code
姜冠宇	Knight Probability in Chessboard	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
吳哲郁	Hamming Distance	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
蔡雅彤	Elias Gamma Encoding with CLZ	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
黃啟維	Rectangle Area in BF16	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ check the permission of HackMD note	code
洪翊碩	Complex Multiplication	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
吳昀鴻	Deriving LeetCode Problem 29 Using Floating-Point : Analyzing Precision Differences Between FP32 and BF16	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
李尚宸	Missing Number	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
郭君瑋	Number of Steps to Reduce a Number to Zero	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
孫禾洵	Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
廖奕凱	Implement count leading zero and popcount to solve LeetCode problem 1342.	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
曹為廷	Maximum Subarray	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
謝明翰	Finding the Closest Power of Two Greater Than or Equal to a Number	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
高孟霆	Sum of Values at Indices With K Set Bits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
吳彥廷	Multiplying with BF16 format.	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
鄭九彰	Single Number	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ check the permission of HackMD note	code
陳奕嘉	Power of Four	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
蔡承璋	Single Number III	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
許翰翔	Int to Float conversion	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
黃若綾	Convert a Number to Hexadecimal	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
李其儒	Factorial Trailing Zeroes	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
丁語婕	Minimum Bit Flips to Convert Number	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
王信智	Minimum Flips to Make a OR b Equal to c	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
陳致翰	Climbing Stairs	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
李協儒	Fast Approximation of Reciprocal Square Root	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
徐崇智	Smallest Power of Two Greater Than or Equal to n	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
周姵彣	Product of Array Except Self	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
黃士昕	Find the K-th Character in String Game II	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
葉人豪	Complement of Base 10 Integer	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
林趺菩	Running Sum of 1d Array	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
程品叡	Minimum One Bit Operations to Make Integers Zero	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
蘇湘婷	Broken Calculator $\to$ shorten	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
余紹桓	Finding the square root of number using binary search	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
吳睿秉	Find the XOR of Numbers Which Appear Twice	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
章元豪	Concatenation of Consecutive Binary Numbers	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
黃守維	Number of Zero-Filled Subarrays	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ use Permalink	code
黃詩哲	Determinant of Second Order Matrix	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ use Permalink	code
邱繼寬	?	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
洪至謙	TwoSum $\to$ Do choose a unique subject to work on	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
陳昭詣	Find the Difference	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
曾謙文	Gray Code	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ check the permission of HackMD note	code
陳冠霖	Minimum Changes To Make Alternating Binary String	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
陳侯華	Binary Watch	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
何承頴	XOR Operation in an Array	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
呂修麟	Minimum Size Subarray Sum	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
劉孟璋	Number of Steps to Reduce a Number in Binary Representation to One	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
龔祐萱	Max Consecutive Ones	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
蘇暐倫	Pascal's Triangle	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
陳柏儒	Division Optimization	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
唐文駿	The square root of 𝑥	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
傅信豪	Counting Zero from Frontend or Backend	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
劉益祥	Convert the Temperature	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
林濤	Total Hamming Distance	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
陳乃宇	Convert Binary Number in a Linked List to Integer	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
黃灝	XOR Queries of a Subarray	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
湯秉翰	Add Digits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
林乙民	K Closest Points to Origin	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
林靖婷	Bfloat16 Matrix Multiplication	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
洪靖睿	Number of Even and odd Bits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
蔡承遠	Third Maximum Number	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
郭晏愷	Add Binary	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
蕭維昭	Implement square root using CLZ method	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ use Permalink	code
徐向廷	Optimize "Squares of a Sorted Array" By Reducing Memory Usage	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
李宗翰	Three Consecutive Odds	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
蕭郁霖	Divide Two Integers	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
邱家浩	Find if Array Can Be Sorted	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
王景霈	UTF-8 Validation	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
傅孟楷	Reverse Bits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
李漢德	Number of Even and Odd Bits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
簡德彥	Improving shift-and-add multiplication using clz	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
吳秉宥	Implement binary GCD algorithm using clz	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
黃書堯	Calculating the n-th Root of x	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
林子齊	Sigmoid Function by BF16 without Floating Point Support	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
黃詠筑	Length of Last Word	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ use Permalink	code
林育丞	Optimized RSA with efficient bitwise operations	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ use Permalink	code
黎詠哲	Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
陳禹丞	Running Sum of 1D Array	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
宋明翰	Prime Number of Set Bits in Binary Representation	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
章劉軒瑋	Bilinear Interpolation by using BF16 and related operations	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
黃丞漢	Palindrome Number	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
廖華鑫	Number of 1 Bits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
王韻茨	Row With Maximum Ones	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
蔡文賓	Find the Pivot Integer	La1: RV32I Assembly	code
王柏皓	Restore IP Addresses	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ use Permalink	code
宋唯廷	Distance Metrics in Machine Learning	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
李建佑	Find Closest Number to Zero	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
劉欣宜	Fibonacci number	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
江冠德	Calculate the logarithm to base 2 with branchless clz	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
李懿宸	Climbing Stairs	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
蕭力文	Construct the Minimum Bitwise Array	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
吳柏漢	Find Numbers with Even Number of Digits	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
侯廷錡	Add Binary with Variable Lengths $\to$ Improve the description	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
鄭智元	?	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
謝廷昇	Golomb Code	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
王彥珽	Prime Number of Set Bits in Binary Representation	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
陳品彤	Run Length Code	Lab1: RV32I Assembly	code
曾俊瑋	Check if Bitwise OR Has Trailing Zeros	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ use Permalink	code
陳榮昶	?	Lab1: RV32I Assembly $\to$ check the permission of HackMD note	code

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