# Introduction to Generative AI for Thesis Writing

- Who are you + your email?
- Alexander - Intercultural studies (German track) - [e-mail]
- Alexandra - Intercultural studies (English track) - [e-mail]
- Stine - Classical philology [e-mail]
-
- Ulrich - Media and Journalism Studies ([e-mail])
- Stephan
- Lærke ([e-mail])
- Mátyás - [e-mail]
- Laura - [e-mail]
- Magnus - The Science of Religion, [e-mail], understanding how to use GAI for thesis writing.
- Villads, [e-mail]
- Frederik, [e-mail]
- Iuliana - [e-mail]
- Brian - [e-mail] - matematikdidaktik og master of arts in educational psychology
- Christian [e-mail]
- What is your field of study?
- Matematikdidaktik

- What is your primary use of Generative AI?
-

- What are you expecting to get out of this course?

## Idea Generation and Brainstorming
### Prompt
Act as an expert in idea generation and brainstorming. Your task is to come up with 10 ways in which the [topic] can be approached from an academic perspective with the focus being on research into that topic. Respond with yes, if you understand and I'll provide the topic.

### 0.1. Exercise Results
- Mátyás: "Give me 10 ways to discuss the latest energy infrastructure improvements in Europe on an academic level"
- Alexander: "German poems" --> ChatGPT just writes out one of the most famous German poems and a short summary and mini-analysis of it, whereas Gemini finds the same, plus one more, plus writes down links to websites where one can find more poems.

- I wanted to find a recipe
-
- Jeg skal lave en opgave hvor jeg inkluderer arkæologiske fund og filologiske kilder. Det skal handle om den klassiske periode i grækenland. Hvordan kan jeg gribe det an?
Gemini giver specifikke kilder jeg kan bruge i opgavekrivningen og forslag til emner, det gør chat GPT ikke.

- I have been asked to write an assignment about Brexit. please give me some ideas on what to include -> They came up with almost the same suggestions regarding content -> Chat GPT was more detailed and "thorough" -> Gemini suggested other sources.

- "Can you teach me how to become a better human being?"" - Gemini made headlines and bold writing, put it up into categories, which was nice. Focused on relationaships rather than individualistic goals. ChatGPT also focused on relationsships but first later, after you have "improved yourself". Gemini was better at showing results in a structred way. Gemini also reminds you at the end that it is a journey not a goal in itself to be a better person.

- Act as a brainstorming expert. Generate 10 ideas about how to organize a course in prompting for university professors.
- - ChatGPT is very focused on the organizational level, where Gemini focuses more on the content of the course. No major differences even when using Copilot (although Copilot stresses that it is innovative)

Jeg vil gerne brainstorme og få 10 ideer til hvordan jeg kan oprette onlineundervisning
Gemini forstod opgaven bedst og gav konkrete platforme til hvor onlineundervisning kan oprettes
Gemini
10 ideer til onlineundervisning:
1. Brug en onlineundervisningsplatform: Der findes mange forskellige onlineundervisningsplatforme, der kan hjælpe dig med at oprette og levere dine kurser. Nogle populære platforme omfatter:

Moodle: En open source-platfrom, der er populær på universiteter og andre uddannelsesinstitutioner. (https://docs.moodle.org/en/Installing_Moodle)
Canvas: En brugervenlig platform med en række funktioner, der er nyttige til onlineundervisning. (https://canvas.instructure.com/)
Google Classroom: En gratis platform, der er nem at bruge og integreres med andre Google-produkter. (https://edu.google.com/workspace-for-education/classroom/)
2. Opret engagerende kursusmaterialer: Dine kursusmaterialer er afgørende for at engagere dine elever og hjælpe dem med at lære. Sørg for at bruge en række forskellige materialer, f.eks. videoer, lydfiler, tekst, quizzer og diskussionsfora.

3. Brug interaktive læringsaktiviteter: Interaktive læringsaktiviteter kan hjælpe dine elever med at holde sig engagerede og motiverede. Nogle eksempler på interaktive læringsaktiviteter omfatter:

Simuleringer og spil: Simuleringer og spil kan give dine elever en praktisk måde at lære om komplekse begreber på.
Diskussioner og debatter: Diskussioner og debatter kan hjælpe dine elever med at udvikle deres kritiske tænkning og kommunikationsevner.
Gruppeaktiviteter: Gruppeaktiviteter kan hjælpe dine elever med at lære at arbejde sammen og dele ideer.
4. Giv regelmæssig feedback: Feedback er afgørende for at hjælpe dine elever med at lære og forbedre sig. Sørg for at give dine elever regelmæssig feedback på deres arbejde.

5. Skab et støttende læringsmiljø: Et støttende læringsmiljø kan hjælpe dine elever med at føle sig trygge og komfortable med at lære. Sørg for at skabe et miljø, hvor eleverne føler sig trygge ved at stille spørgsmål og begå fejl.

6. Vær tilgængelig for dine elever: Det er vigtigt at være tilgængelig for dine elever, hvis de har spørgsmål eller brug for hjælp. Du kan gøre dette ved at tilbyde kontortider, besvare e-mails og deltage i online diskussionsfora.

7. Brug teknologi til at forbedre din undervisning: Der findes mange forskellige teknologier, der kan bruges til at forbedre din undervisning. Nogle eksempler omfatter:

Videokonferenceværktøjer: Videokonferenceværktøjer kan bruges til at levere live onlinekurser eller til at holde kontortider med eleverne.
Værktøjer til social læring: Værktøjer til social læring kan bruges til at skabe online fællesskaber, hvor eleverne kan interagere med hinanden og dele ideer.
Vurderingsværktøjer: Vurderingsværktøjer kan bruges til at vurdere dine elevers læring og fremskridt.
8. Hold dig opdateret med de nyeste trends inden for onlineundervisning: Onlineundervisningsområdet udvikler sig hurtigt, så det er vigtigt at holde sig opdateret med de nyeste trends. Du kan gøre dette ved at læse artikler, blogs og deltage i faglige udviklingskurser.

9. Få feedback fra dine elever: Det er vigtigt at få feedback fra dine elever for at forbedre dine onlinekurser. Du kan gøre dette ved at gennemføre undersøgelser, bede om feedback efter klassen eller holde fokusgrupper.

10. Vær kreativ: Der er mange forskellige måder at oprette onlineundervisning på. Vær kreativ og find ud af, hvad der fungerer bedst for dig og dine elever.

Udover disse 10 ideer er der mange andre ressourcer tilgængelige til at hjælpe dig med at oprette onlineundervisning. Du kan finde mere information på følgende websteder:

Uddannelsesministeriet: https://ufm.dk/en
Danmarks Evalueringscenter: https://www.eva.dk/
E-learning Forum Danmark: http://elfasia.org/elfasia/
Chatgpt ift. onlineundervisning
Selvfølgelig, lad os få gang i brainstormen! Her er ti ideer til at oprette onlineundervisning:

Interaktivt kursusplatform: Skab en interaktiv online platform, hvor studerende kan få adgang til undervisningsmaterialer, deltage i diskussioner og tage quizzer og tests.
Live webinarer: Planlæg regelmæssige live webinarer, hvor du underviser i realtid og giver mulighed for interaktion og spørgsmål fra deltagerne.
Video-lektioner: Optag video-lektioner, der dækker forskellige emner og læg dem ud på en platform, hvor dine elever kan få adgang til dem når som helst.
E-læringskurser: Udvikle e-læringskurser, der følger en struktureret læseplan og inkluderer multimediaelementer som videoer, animationer og interaktive øvelser.
Online forum: Opret et online forum, hvor studerende kan stille spørgsmål, dele ressourcer og engagere sig i diskussioner omkring emnerne i undervisningen.
Individuel mentoring: Tilbyd individuelle online mentoringsessioner, hvor du kan arbejde tættere sammen med studerende for at adressere deres specifikke behov og mål.
Gamificering: Brug gamificeringselementer som point, udfordringer og belønninger for at motivere studerende til at deltage aktivt i undervisningen.
Gruppearbejde: Organisér online gruppearbejdsopgaver, hvor studerende kan samarbejde og lære af hinanden under din vejledning.
Case-studier: Inddrag virkelige case-studier og problemstillinger i din undervisning for at give studerende praktisk erfaring og mulighed for at anvende deres viden i virkelige situationer.
Gæsteforelæsninger: Inviter eksperter og branchefolk til at give gæsteforelæsninger online, hvor de deler deres viden og erfaringer med dine studerende.
- How can I as a Academic expert analyse cake?
- Both models both follow the same approaches, starting out with the historical perspective, to the nutritional and so on.
### 0.2. Discussion Results
Gemini gave links whereas ChatGPT didn't.
More inpsiration on Gemini.
Gemini was more conrete in its results.
ChatGPT was more generic, but in some cases the inverse was true.
Gemini directs you to Google search.
ChatGPT not very helpful in certain cases it says it needs time to think.

## Dangers of trying to do Research and Information Gathering with AI
### Prompt
Act as an academic Research Expert. Conduct an extensive search for research papers on the specified [topic]. Ensure the papers are from reputable journals, conferences, or academic institutions. Your search should prioritize recent publications (within the last 5 years) but also include seminal works that may be older. Provide a comprehensive list of the findings, including the title of the paper, authors, publication date, abstract, and a link to access the full paper. For each paper, write a brief summary highlighting the main findings and their relevance to the [topic]. Ensure that all sources are properly cited in an organized manner.

Provide the results as a summary such as the following:

**Title**: [A concise and informative title that encapsulates the main finding or theme of the research.]

**Authors**: [Names of the researchers involved in the study, or a placeholder for the research team.]

**Publication Year**: [The year in which the research was published or intended to be recognized.]

**Abstract**: [A brief summary of the research, highlighting the main objective, approach, findings, and significance. This section should provide a snapshot of the entire study, allowing readers to quickly grasp what the research is about and why it matters.]

**Summary**: [A detailed overview of the research paper, including the context of the study, its methodology, key findings, and implications. This section expands on the abstract, offering more depth and insight into what the research discovered, the challenges encountered, and the conclusions drawn. It serves as a concise version of the paper for readers who want a more thorough understanding without reading the full text.]

If you understand, respond with yes and I will provide the topic.

### 1.1. Exercise results
- ChatGPT gave me links that did not work. Gemini messed up the authors' names.
- Both Gemini and ChatGPT gives nonexisting articles: Title: "An Analysis of Reported Ghost Sightings: Correlation with Mental Health and Cognitive Factors" does not exist.

- Chat GPT "Please allow me some time to gather the information". Gemini suggested nonexisting articles.

- Gemini provided articles but they were not the same referenced

- ChatGPT had to be pursuaded into searching and would only yield results as a preview. Gemini on the other hand, readily provided everything asked, giving real titles of papers but hallucinating the authors/descriptions/time. ChatGPT just gave wierd answers and found papers from the 1980s
-
- Not much difference. The first couple of results in both did exist. Both summarized nicely. Copilot on the other hand insisted on giving me advice I didn't ask for and less results. None gave me links but Gemini summarized webpages with University of Liverpool as an author.

- ChatGPT got stuck - please allow me some time... Gemini gave both correct URLs and incorrect links + wrote 'invalid URL removed'
- Gemini provided the name of a journal it "was published" in
-
- it seems like that both chatGPT and gemini provides me with titles of non existing papers.

I was persuing af topic that I have somewhat extensive knowledge about, and Gemini provided a more precise results, and actually followed the promt.

### 1.2. Discussion results
It might take more work to use ChatGPT in finding sources than not using it at all.
Gemini provided results, but when following the link to the specific papers, they were completely different.
ChatGPT gives fictitious links while Gemini gives links to unrelated papers.
Invalid url removed when using Gemini.
Seemingly random rating scale.
Gemini followed the instructions better than ChatGPT when looking at the dates given.
Copyright restrictions were given as a reason why it couldn't provide links (Gemini)
Mixed up information in the results i.e. different author to what the paper's actual author was.
You shouldn't do research with ChatGPT or Gemini.
If you ask for a specific website such as "What is the white house website" then it would be give you the website.
Books from Amazon, but sometimes the links wouldn't work.
Gemini is reluctant to give links due to security reasons or search engine limitations.

## Outline creation
### Prompt
**Title**: A concise statement of the main topic or research question addressed in the article.

**Abstract**: A brief summary of the article’s contents, including the research question, methodology, main findings, and conclusions. It provides a snapshot of the article's significance and results.

**Introduction**: This section introduces the background of the study, its significance, and the main research question or hypothesis. It sets the stage for the reader, explaining the problem being addressed and the article's objectives.

**Literature Review**: A review of existing research relevant to the topic, identifying gaps in knowledge that the current study aims to fill. This section situates the study within the broader scholarly conversation on the topic.

**Methodology**: Detailed information on how the research was conducted, including the study design, data collection methods, and analytical techniques. This section allows readers to assess the validity of the findings and potentially replicate the study.

**Results**: A presentation of the findings from the research, often using tables, figures, and descriptive text. This section should objectively report the data collected, without interpretation.

**Discussion**: Interpretation of the results, including how they address the research question, their implications for the field, and their relation to previous research. This section often discusses the study's limitations and suggestions for future research.

**Conclusion**: A summary of the main findings and their implications, restating the significance of the study and its contributions to the field. It may also reiterate key recommendations or potential applications of the research.

**References/Bibliography**: A list of all the sources cited in the article, formatted according to a specific citation style. This section enables readers to locate the referenced works and provides evidence of the research's foundation.

**Acknowledgments**: Recognition of individuals, organizations, or funding bodies that contributed to the research but did not meet authorship criteria.

**Appendices**: Supplementary material that is too lengthy or detailed for the main text, such as data tables, questionnaires, or additional analysis.

### 2.1. Exercise results
- 1. Please help me make an outline of my assignment on the importance of the Danish monarchy (template) --> 2. Can you please do the outline in a coherent text that is more thorough. Result: Gemini insists on bullet points and does not "respond" to my second prompt like Chat GPT did. Gemini then provides a text instead of an outline.

-
* First prompt:
* Help me with an outline for a paper on 'What to consider when you want to integrate digital competences into educational curricula in higher education'
* Second prompt:
* put this information into this template:(template)
* Observation:
* in ChatGPT: coherence in the text - I'm ready to write the article, just need to do the literature review and case studies mentioned...

- First Prompt: Act as an expert on work and labour, your task is to come up with an outline for a paper on a topic, respond with a yes if you understand. please follow this outline (outline template)

- Fill out the [template] based on [topic]. Prompt me for the [topic] and then the [template].Topic: Prompting as an educational practice in medieval literature studies. Template: (given template)
- - ChatGPT 3.5 struggled to see the difference between Medieval Literature Studies as an education and educational practices in medieval Europe.
- - I had to yell at Gemini to make it do the work instead of giving me examples

### 2.2. Discussion results
Try Google search from Gemini and ChatGPT in some cases.
Gemini insisted on keeping bullet points and ChatGPT did the same. ChatGPT followed the template after the second prompt, but Gemini didn't.
Sometimes a complete misunderstanding of the topic from the Geneartive AI model.
Gemini gave more indepth section descriptions while ChatGPT only gave section headings.
Outlint provided was helpful in ChatGPT. Gemini didn't get it very well.

## Summary and Abstract Writing

### Prompt
Act as an academic research expert. Read and digest the above content. Produce a concise and clear summary that encapsulates the main findings, methodology, results, and implications of the study. Ensure that the summary is written in a manner that is accessible to a general audience while retaining the core insights and nuances of the original paper. Include key terms and concepts, and provide any necessary context or background information. The summary should serve as a standalone piece that gives readers a comprehensive understanding of the paper's significance without needing to read the entire document.

### 3.1. Exercise results

### 3.2. Discussion results
Pasting the text without any prompts gave a summary without needing the prompt.
Good at taking the meaning from a German text and summarizing that into English.
Gemini focused on providing a summary of key points and ChatGPT was more detailed in its summarization capabilities.

## Drafting content

### 4.1. Quick Exercise results
...

### 4.2. Quick Discussion results
...

### 5.1. Exercise results
...

### 5.2. Discussion results
...

## Paraphrasing and Language Improvement

### First prompt
Take the role as a professional English writer and correct the following introduction while keeping the word choice and tone similar to the original.

[Provide your text here]

### Second prompt
The following is too advanced to have been written by the original writer, so keeping with their level of English vocabulary, reword the following introduction:

[Provide the previously generated text here]

### 6.1. Exercise results
...

### 6.2. Exercise results
...

### Resources

[AU Rules on use of AI in thesis writing](https://studerende.au.dk/en/view/artikel/nye-regler-nu-maa-du-bruge-ai-til-dit-speciale-eller-bachelorprojekt)