# [搬运][CN&EN]论中国的个人隐私与言论自由

作者：AHdark
未经授权
原始地址需要使用archive.org查看
https://web.archive.org/web/20221008042208/www.ahdark.com/live/1924.shtml

## 前言

我曾在国内国外的网络上看到很多国人对个人隐私和言论自由的观点，提取其中有价值的部分后我认真对此进行了思考，并决定发表这个文章。

这个文章的意义在于阐述问题，而非批判或是反对什么。中国整体上呈现向好的趋势，我也期望二十大以后能带来更多为人民谋利益的法律法规和发展政策。当然，如果能够以此提高人民对于信息的思考能力，那是更好的。

我本人虽说不是力挺政府，但也不是反对，我作为一个中国人自然也更希望中国呈现欣欣向荣的面貌。

## 正文

在近些年，中国的社会舆论倒向了 “民族自信”。社会上普遍的意志认为：“外国人有的，我们也要有。” 不仅是人民的意志，国家媒体也在鼓吹民族自信，并且在全社会进行舆论控制以促进 “民族自信” 的传播。如今的中国，尤其是在偏远地区、乡村地区、低收入人群和不关注国际舆论且无条件相信国家的中老年人中，似乎中国已经强盛到可以称霸世界了。

而本文中，我所要阐述的就是外国人有但中国人没有的东西：个人隐私和言论自由。

### 个人隐私

2018 年，百度集团的 CEO—— 李彦宏，在中国发展高层论坛中说：“中国的消费者在隐私保护的前提下，很多时候是愿意以一定的个人数据授权使用，去换取更加便捷的服务。” 这确实是中国近代中老年人，尤其是 70 后及以前的人群，所秉承的主要观点。对他们而言，能让生活不再是清朝那般的苦难，似乎就足够了。至于隐私、个人信息等，并不是什么重要的东西。

在 20 世纪末，这是确确实实的，因为当时的中国还没有发达的互联网，能够拥有一台微机甚至是一种奢望，中国的经济没有腾飞，自然人民的思想也没有腾飞。但在当代，互联网高速发展，中国的经济实力和科技水平也在高速发展。与此相对应的是，人民的思想观念也在发生改变，个人隐私的重要性也在逐渐提高。20 世纪末，我知道你的个人隐私，包括真实姓名、身份证号、爱好，都是无关紧要的，因为似乎你的同乡人都可以很轻易地知道这些。而且知道了这些并没有什么关系，他们不可能拿着你的身份证号就去冒用你的身份，本人决定一切，没有本人在场核对身份证照片和长相，一切虚假都是无所遁形的。

但在当代，互联网的高速发展改变了一切。我只需要你的真实姓名和身份证号，就可以以你的名义申请贷款、在游戏中用你的名义认证、在网上用你的名义发表观点。而在我行使完这些事例后，你还要费尽心思去证明这不是你的所作所为。这就是社会发展所带来的认知差异，当中老年人还不在乎自己的隐私的时候，青少年人已经还是互相开户了。

也就是说，在当代，尤其是 2013 年以后，个人隐私变得越来越重要。

西方国家很早就意识到了这一点，并选择去保护他们民众的隐私，就比如你使用 Google、Microsoft 的服务的时候并不需要交出自己的社保卡。但在中国，直到 2021 年 8 月 20 日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议通过《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》，政府才真正着手于保护公民们的个人隐私。在此之前，仅是几个在公安系统底层的户籍警，就可以轻松调出包括最高领导人在内的数个高层公职人员及其家属的个人信息（非常讽刺的是，这确实和老一辈革命家所述的 和人民同甘共苦 的精神相符合，他们的确和人民站在了一起），由此可见中国公安系统对于个人隐私保护有多么的不到位。

而在中国的企业中，个人隐私的泄露就更加凸显了。诸如阿里巴巴、百度、腾讯、字节跳动，口口声称用高科技、用大数据分析，实际就是多个大型企业对他们收集来的个人隐私信息进行整合和统计，以此更好地对一个人投放广告。似乎所有的中国社交平台都需要你输入自己的真实姓名和身份证号进行实名认证，即使声明这是对接公安系统的，但谁又能保证这些厂商没有自己偷偷收集呢？

由此可见，中国政府收集了个人隐私，但没有保护好它们。我并不反对政府收集个人隐私，这确实有助于维护社会治安，在一个人行使诈骗等行为后可以即时追回骗款。但当收集个人隐私被利用于追踪言论发表者的真实身份、开户等对人民利益加以损害的行为，那就是很不好的了。

### 言论自由

首先，我们要知道什么是言论自由。言论自由是一种基本人权，指公民可以按照个人意愿表达意见和想法的法定政治权利，正如《世界人权宣言》第十九条所述：人人有权享有主张和发表意见的自由。此项权利包括持有主张而不受干涉的自由，和通过任何媒介和不论国界寻求、接受和传递消息和思想的自由。

但中国人没有言论自由。

哪怕只是一个新疆人在网上公开当地的疫情防控政策（即当地政府发布的客观事实），都会受到公安部门的上门警告并要求删除。在网上骂政府，恐怕已经万劫不复了。但在现实中，如果你这么做，并不会有什么影响，因为中国大陆的网络平台诸如微博、QQ 空间、朋友圈，会直接将你的言论屏蔽（经典吞评），QQ 还会封禁涉及言论的群聊，由此可见中国的言论自由有多么微乎其微。

而对于如此侵犯人权的行为，中国政府的解释是：控制言论以保证社会的稳定运行。就我看来，这个说法没有问题，因为当庞大的中国人民将他们的意见汇集到一起，下一场农民起义就要开始了。

中国只有一个执政党，因此当人民与政府出现矛盾，他们不会像其他国家一样选取另一个执政党，而是去推翻这个执政党。中国的领导集体比我们更清楚，人民的力量汇集起来可以轻松推翻当前的政权（农民起义是中国特色）。而部分渴求自身利益的政客（这肯定不包括习主席，他是个伟大的领导者），为了维护自身利益不被破坏，便去向言论的发表者施压，以此避免人民相互交换意见，再加以文化自信的推动，使人民（尤其是中老年人这种较为相信国家的）相信自己的国家仍然是幸福的。

相信每一位学过中国近代史的人都知道雍正年间的文字狱。当代政府控制言论自由的行为再加之警方对发表言论的人进行处理，就更加让人确信了当代文字狱的实施。在当代年轻人的口中，中国政府处理言论的行为被简单总结成一句话：“不处理问题，而是处理提出问题的人。” 这种行为也确实可以解决问题，但不知他们是否想过，持续地如此处理，总有一天他们会被提出问题的人处理掉。

你会发现，中国的 iMessage 是与众不同的，它没有端对端加密功能。中国的社交软件例如微信、QQ、钉钉，也都没有的端对端加密功能。我不相信这是因为中国企业没有能力研发端到端加密功能，这大概也是因为端到端加密会阻塞政府从公民言论追踪公民，使得他们无法处理 “提问题的人”。

中国政府在面临外界询问的时候也是坚持己见，声称：“中华人民共和国政府认为 “中国的人权事业正不断取得新的进展。但由于中国发展不充分和发展不平衡，中国大陆的人权状况还存在着一些不如人意的地方。” 还认为：“人民幸福生活的权利是最大的人权。”

现在看来，这确实是 20 世纪末生人的思想观念，也确实和当代中国领导集体的大龄化相符合。尽管中国具有世界上一流的治安环境，但中国人的人权并未得到完全保障。

至于西方媒体，尤其是 BBC 的观点，完全就是在扯淡。想要攻击中国，这是正常的，但放下中国真正存有的言论自由、出版自由、结社自由缺失等真实存在的问题，而去挑起新疆 “再教育营” 那种完全虚构的问题，我实在不能理解 BBC 的工作人员是否不具备一个逻辑清晰的大脑。

## 总结

综上所述，中国的隐私保护是残缺的，即中国政府和企业去收集公民个人隐私，但没有保护好他们的个人隐私。而之所以中国的企业要收集如此庞大个人隐私，是因为他们要以此帮助政府追踪公民的言论，也就对应言论自由的缺失。

黑格尔曾说过：“中国本质上没有历史，只是朝代轮回。” 我曾对此观点有异议，但面对当代这种完全复刻清朝文字狱的社会现实，我又怎么去反驳这种观点呢？

我认为，每一个中国人都应当知道这个问题的存在，并为此而思考。

# Privacy and Freedom of Speech in China
Author:AHdark
Unaccredited
The original address needs to be viewed using archive.org
https://web.archive.org/web/20221005170305/https://www.tkong.net/essays/privacy-and-freedom-of-speech-in-china.html

## Sequence

I have seen many Chinese people’s views on personal privacy and freedom of speech on the Internet at home and abroad. After extracting the valuable parts, I seriously thought about it and decided to publish this article.

The point of this article is to address the issue, not to criticize or oppose anything. China as a whole is showing a positive trend, and I also hope that after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, there will be more laws, regulations and development policies that serve the interests of the people.

Although I do not support the government, I am not against it. As a Chinese, I naturally hope that China will show a thriving appearance.

## Copyright

Tkong Blog has been authorized, and the author publishes the article by himself.

AHdark Blog published the Chinese version of the article (original): https://www.ahdark.com/live/1924.shtml

The copyright of this article belongs to AHdark.

## Main Body

In recent years, Chinese public opinion has turned toward ” national self-confidence”. The people hope that “what foreigners have, we should have it too.” Not only the will of the people, but also the state media are advocating national self-confidence and controlling public opinion in the whole society to promote the spread of “national self-confidence”. Today’s China, especially in remote areas, rural areas, low-income people, and middle-aged and elderly people who do not pay attention to international public opinion and believe in the country unconditionally, it seems that China has become strong enough to dominate the world.

In this article, I’m going to explain the personal privacy and freedom of speech which foreigners have but Chinese people don’t.

### Personal privacy

In 2018, Robin Li, CEO of Baidu Corp., said in the China Development Forum: “Under the premise of privacy protection, Chinese consumers are often willing to use certain personal data authorized to use in exchange for more convenient services. “This is indeed the main point of view of the middle-aged and elderly people in modern China, especially those born in the 1970s and earlier. For them, it seems enough to make life less miserable than that of the Qing Dynasty. As for privacy, personal information, etc., it’s not very important.

At the end of the 20th century, this was true, because at that time China did not have a developed Internet, and it was even a luxury to have a microcomputer. China’s economy did not take off, and the natural people’s thinking did not take off. But in the contemporary era, with the rapid development of the Internet, China’s economic strength and technological level are also developing rapidly. Correspondingly, people’s ideas are also changing, and the importance of personal privacy is gradually increasing. At the end of the 20th century, I know that your personal privacy, including your real name, ID number, and hobbies, is irrelevant, because it seems that your fellow villagers can easily know these. And it doesn’t matter if you know this. They can’t take your ID number and use your identity. Real person decides everything. Without my presence to check the ID photo and appearance, all falsehoods are invisible.

But in modern times, the rapid development of the Internet has changed everything. All I need is your real name and ID number, and then I can apply for a loan, authenticate in the game, or express opinions online in your name. And after I’ve exercised these examples, you’ll have to go to great lengths to prove that this is not what you did. This is the cognitive difference brought about by social development. When the middle-aged and the elderly do not care about their privacy, young people have already disclosed the household registration of others to each other.

In the contemporary era, especially after 2013, personal privacy has become more and more important.

Western countries have realized this very early and chose to protect the privacy of their people. For example, you don’t need to hand over your social security card when you use Google and Microsoft services. However, in China, the government did not really start to protect the personal privacy of citizens until the 30th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress on August 20, 2021, passed the “Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”.

Before that, only a few household registration police at the bottom of the public security system could easily retrieve the personal information of several high-level public officials and their families, including the top leader Xi Jinping (very ironic that this is indeed in line with the statement of the first generation of leadership that “share weal and woe with the people”. Their household registration is indeed with the people, and they can be called out by the people for appreciation.) This shows how inadequate the Chinese public security system is in protecting personal privacy.

In Chinese enterprises, the leakage of personal privacy is even more prominent. Such as Alibaba, Baidu, Tencent, and Byte Dance, they claim to use high technology and big data analysis, but in fact, multiple large enterprises integrate and count the personal privacy information they collect, to place advertisements more accurately. All Chinese social platforms require you to enter your real name and ID number for real-name authentication, and immediately declare that this is connected to the public security system, but who can guarantee that these manufacturers do not secretly collect them?

This shows that the Chinese government collects personal privacy but fails to protect them. I am not against the government’s collection of personal privacy, which does help maintain social order, and the fraudulent money can be recovered immediately after a person commits fraud and other acts. But when the collection of personal privacy is used to track the identity of the speaker, to disclose a person’s household registration, etc. to harm the interests of the people, that is unbelievably bad.

### Freedom of speech

First, we need to know what freedom of speech is. Freedom of expression is a fundamental human right, which refers to the legal political right of citizens to express their opinions and ideas according to their own wishes, as stated in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. This right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

But the Chinese do not have freedom of speech. Even if only a Xinjiang person discloses the local epidemic prevention and control policy (that is, the objective facts released by the local government) on the Internet, he will be warned by the public security department and asked to delete it. Then scolding the government on the Internet, you may think that this will cause profoundly serious problems. If you do this, it will not have any effect, because the online platforms in mainland China, such as Weibo, QZone, and Moments, will directly block or return your comments, and QQ will also block related comments. This shows how little freedom of speech in China is.

As for such violations of human rights, the Chinese government’s explanation is to control speech to ensure the stable operation of society. From my point of view, there is no problem with this statement, because when the huge Chinese people bring their opinions together, the next peasant uprising is about to start.

China has only one ruling party, so when there is a conflict between the people and the government, they will not choose another ruling party like American society but overthrow this ruling party. The Chinese leadership knows better than we do that the combined power of the people can easily overthrow their rule (peasant uprisings are Chinese characteristics). And some politicians who are eager for their own interests (this certainly does not include Xi Jinping, he is a great leader), to protect their own interests from being undermined, they go to put pressure on the speakers of their speeches, to prevent the people’s opinions from being exchanged with each other. With the promotion of cultural self-confidence, people (especially middle-aged and elderly people who believe in the country) believe that their country is still happy.

I believe that everyone who has studied modern Chinese history knows the character prison during the Yongzheng period. The behavior of the contemporary government to control freedom of speech, coupled with the police’s handling of those who express it, further affirms the implementation of the contemporary writing prison. In the mouths of contemporary teenagers, the behavior of the Chinese government in dealing with speech is simply summed up in one sentence: “Do not deal with problems but deal with the people who ask them.” This kind of behavior can indeed solve the problem, but I do not know if they have thought about that one day, they will be dealt with by whoever asked the question.

You will find that iMessage in China is different in that it does not have end-to-end encryption. Chinese social software such as WeChat, QQ, and Ding Talk are also different from Telegram and do not have end-to-end encryption. I do not believe it’s because Chinese companies don’t have the ability to develop end-to-end encryption, and presumably because end-to-end encryption would block the government from tracking citizens from their speech, making them unable to deal with “questioners.”

The Chinese government also insisted on its own opinions when faced with external inquiries, claiming: “The government of the People’s Republic of China believes that” China’s human rights cause is constantly making new progress. However, due to insufficient and unbalanced development in China, there are still some unsatisfactory aspects in the human rights situation in mainland China. ” Also believes: “The right of the people to a happy life is the greatest human right.”

Now it seems that this is indeed the ideology of people born at the end of the 20th century, and it is indeed consistent with the aging of contemporary Chinese leadership. Although China has a world-class public security environment, the human rights of Chinese people are not fully guaranteed.

As for the views of the Western media, especially the BBC, they are completely bullshit. It’s normal to want to attack China but give up the real problems for China such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and lack of freedom of association, and provoke completely fictitious issues like the Xinjiang “re-education camps”. I cannot understand why the BBC is as stupid as a piece of shit.

## Summarize

To sum up, China’s privacy protection is incomplete, that is, the Chinese government and companies collect citizens’ personal privacy, but fail to protect their personal privacy. And the reason Chinese companies collect such a large amount of personal privacy is because they want to help the government track citizens’ speech, which corresponds to the lack of freedom of speech.

Hegel once said: “China has no history in essence, but only the reincarnation of dynasties.” I have objected to this point of view, but in the face of the contemporary social reality of completely replicating the Qing Dynasty’s literary prison, how can I refute this view?

I think every Chinese should know this fact and think about it.

## About the translation

The English part is translated from the original Chinese text by the author himself. There may be inaccuracies. Please suggest and we will make corrections.

The translation is done by the author using Google Translate, on which some grammar, wording and embellishments have been modified.