Abdalla (2021) - TeV Emission of Galactic Plane Sources with HAWC and H.E.S.S.

tags: γ-astro HAWC H.E.S.S. annotating

Information

• URLs:
  • arXiv:2107.01425v3
  • [IOP Science] H. Abdalla et al. (2021). ApJ 917 1, p.6
    • doi
  • Semantic Scholar
• BibLaTeX
  ​​​​@article{abdalla2021,
  ​​​​    author         = {}, % full list at the bottom of this page 
  ​​​​    collaboration  = {H.E.S.S. Collaboration, HAWC Collaboration},
  ​​​​    title          = {TeV Emission of Galactic Plane Sources with HAWC and H.E.S.S.},
  ​​​​    journal        = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  ​​​​    volume         = {917},
  ​​​​    number         = {1},
  ​​​​    pages          = {6},
  ​​​​    year           = {2021},
  ​​​​    month          = {9},
  ​​​​    doi            = {10.3847/1538-4357/abf64b},
  ​​​​}
  

Highlights

Table of Contents

• Abdalla (2021) - TeV Emission of Galactic Plane Sources with HAWC and H.E.S.S.
  • Information
  • Highlights
  • Table of Contents
  • 0. Abstract
  • 1. Introduction
    • H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System)
    • HAWC (High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory)
  • Complete author list

0. Abstract

• HAWC (using WCD technique) and H.E.S.S. (using IACT techique) differ in multiple aspects, incl. their observation strategy, their F.O.V., and their AngRes, leading to different analysis approaches.
• Tensions between HAWC and H.E.S.S.
  • only a few of several recently discovered HAWC sources
    $\to$ were detected again by IACTs.
  • Are the observation of the two types of instruments consistent?
• Our work
  • Events above 1 TeV from the Galactic plane survey data of both experiments are selected. (1^st detailed comparison of them two)
  • Point-spread function of H.E.S.S. is broadened to approach that of HAWC.
  • Out of 7 HAWC sources previously undetected by IACTs
    • 4 can be confirmed by H.E.S.S.
    • 3 have sensitivities lower than that of H.E.S.S.
  • Other difference can be explained by systematic uncertainties.

  • We confirm a consistent view of the γ-ray sky between WCD and IACT techniques.

1. Introduction

H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System)

• an array of 5 imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) that image the Che-light produced by EAS induced by VHE γ-rays
• location: Namibia (23°S), alt. 1800 m
• collection area 10⁵ m²
• performance
  • sensitive to > 1 TeV
  • F.O.V. = 5°, sensitivity uniform within 2°
  • point-spread function (PSF) is better than 0.1° above 1 TeV for zenith angles less than 30°
  • only operating at night (i.e. low duty cycle)
• H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey (HGPS)
  • by H.E.S.S. phase I (4 mid-sized telescopes)
  • during 2004–2013
  • 2700 hours of selected data
  • 78 detected γ-ray sources
  • gal. lat. mainly within
    $\pm 3^{\circ }$ (extending to
    $\pm 5^{\circ }$ in some regions)
  • threshold for the hard cuts: 400–700 GeV
  • assuming spectral index
    $-2.3$ and achieving sensitivity
    • $<2\mathrm{\%}$ Crab
    • $<0.5\mathrm{\%}$ Crab, in some regions observed longer, e.g. GC

HAWC (High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory)

• an array of 300 water Cherenkov detectors (WCDs) that measure Che-light from the passage of EAS through water
• location: Mexico (19°N), alt. 4100 m
• collection area ~10⁴ m²
• performance
  • sensitive > 500 GeV (at Crab's dec.)
  • F.O.V. ~ 2 sr
  • in essential a survey instrument (i.e. high duty cycle)
  • assuming spectral index
    $-2.5$ and achieving sensitivity
    • $\sim 2\mathrm{\%}$ Crab (
      $0^{\circ }<\delta <{40}^{\circ }$)
      • $8\mathrm{\%}$ Crab at the edge of HAWC's F.O.V. (
        $\delta \simeq -{20}^{\circ },{60}^{\circ }$)
  • poor EneRes
    $\because$ design of analysis bin^[?]
  • PSF ~1° (1^st bin) – 0.2° (9^th bin)
• catalogs
  • 2HWC
    • 507 days of data
  • 3HWC

Complete author list

Hassan Abdalla and Felix Aharonian and Faical Ait Benkhali and E. O. Anguner and C. Arcaro and C{\'e}line Armand and T. Armstrong and H. Ashkar and Michael Backes and Vardan Baghmanyan and Victor Barbosa Martins and Anna Barnacka and Monica Barnard and Y Becherini and David Berge and Konrad Bernlohr and Bai-Yang Bi and Markus Bottcher and Catherine Boisson and Julien Bolmont and M. de Bony de Lavergne and M. Breuhaus and Robert Brose and F. Brun and P. Brun and Mark Bryan and M. Buchele and Tomasz Bulik and T. Bylund and Sami Caroff and Alessandro Carosi and T. Chand and S. Chandra and A. Chen and Garret Cotter and Małgorzata Curyło and Jean Damascene Mbarubucyeye and I. D. Davids and James Davies and Christoph Deil and J. Devin and Ludmilla Dirson and Arache Djannati-Atai and A. Dmytriiev and Axel Donath and Victor Doroshenko and Lent{\'e} Dreyer and C Duffy and Jaroslaw Dyks and Kathrin Egberts and Frank Eichhorn and Sabrina Einecke and Gabriel Emery and J-P. Ernenwein and Kirsty Feijen and Stephen J. Fegan and A. Fiasson and Ga{\"e}tan Fichet de Clairfontaine and G. Fontaine and S. Funk and Matthias Fussling and Stefano Gabici and Yves A. Gallant and G. Giavitto and Luca Giunti and D. Glawion and J. F. Glicenstein and Daniel Gottschall and M.-H. Grondin and Joachim Hahn and Maria Haupt and German Hermann and J. A. Hinton and W. Hofmann and C. Hoischen and Tim Lukas Holch and Markus Holler and Marco Antonio Horbe and Dieter Horns and David Huber and Marek Jamrozy and D. Jankowsky and Felix Jankowsky and Ira Jung-Richardt and Eli Kunwiji Kasai and Max Anton Kastendieck and K. Katarzy'nski and Uli Katz and Dmitry Khangulyan and Bruno Kh'elifi and S. Klepser and Wlodek Klu'zniak and Nu. Komin and R. Konno and K. Kosack and Dmitriy Kostunin and Michael Kreter and Giovanni Lamanna and Anne Lemi{\`e}re and Marianne Lemoine-Goumard and J.-P. Lenain and Fredericke Leuschner and C. Levy and Thomas Lohse and Iryna Lypova and Jonathan Mackey and Jhilik Majumdar and Denys Malyshev and V. Marandon and P. Marchegiani and Alexandre Marcowith and A. Mares and G. Guillem Mart'i-Devesa and Ramin Marx and Gilles Maurin and Petrus J. Meintjes and M. Meyer and A. M. W. Mitchell and Rafal Moderski and Lars Mohrmann and Alessandro Montanari and Christopher J. Moore and Paul J. Morris and Emmanuel Moulin and J. Muller and T. Murach and Kaori Nakashima and A. Nayerhoda and Mathieu de Naurois and H. Ndiyavala and Jacek Niemiec and Louise Beth Oakes and P. O Brien and Hirokazu Odaka and S. Ohm and L. Olivera-Nieto and Emma de O{\~n}a Wilhelmi and Michał Ostrowski and S. Panny and Mike Panter and R. D. Parsons and Giada Peron and Bernard Peyaud and Q. Piel and Santiago Pita and V. Poireau and A Priyana Noel and Dmitry Prokhorov and Heike Prokoph and Gerd Puhlhofer and M. Punch and Andreas Quirrenbach and S. Raab and R. Rauth and Patrick Reichherzer and Anita Reimer and O. Reimer and Quentin Remy and M. Renaud and Frank M. Rieger and Lucia Rinchiuso and Carlo Romoli and Gavin Rowell and B. Rudak and Vardan Sahakian and S. Sailer and H. Salzmann and D. A. Sanchez and A. Santangelo and Manami Sasaki and Johannes Schafer and Fabian Schussler and H. M. Schutte and U. Schwanke and M. Seglar-Arroyo and M. Senniappan and Albertus S. Seyffert and Nebiha Shafi and J. N. S. Shapopi and Kleopas Shiningayamwe and Rachel Simoni and Atreyee Sinha and H'elene Sol and Andreas Specovius and S. Spencer and Marion Spir-Jacob and L. Stawarz and L. Sun and Riaan Steenkamp and Christian M. Stegmann and S. Steinmassl and Constantin Steppa and T. Takahashi and Thomas Tavernier and A. M. Taylor and R. Terrier and J. H. E. Thiersen and Domenico Tiziani and Martin Tluczykont and L. Tomankova and Cyril Trichard and Michelle Tsirou and Richard. J. Tuffs and Yasunobu Uchiyama and DJ van der Walt and Christopher van Eldik and Carlo van Rensburg and Brian van Soelen and Georges Vasileiadis and J. Veh and Christo Venter and P. Vincent and Jacco Vink and Heinrich J. Volk and Zorawar Wadiasingh and S. J. Wagner and Jason J. Watson and F. Werner and R. M. White and Alicja Wierzcholska and Yu Wun Wong and A. Yusafzai and Michael Zacharias and Roberta Zanin and Davit Zargaryan and A. A. Zdziarski and Andreas Zech and S. J. Zhu and Andreas Zmija and J. Zorn and S. Zouari and Natalia Żywucka and A. Albert and R. Alfaro and C. {\'A}lvarez and Juan Carlos Arteaga-Vel'azquez and K. P. Arunbabu and D. Avila Rojas and E. Belmont-Moreno and Segev Y. BenZvi and C. Brisbois and Karen S. Caballero-Mora and T. Capistr'an and A. Carrami{\~n}ana and Sabrina Casanova and U. Cotti and J. Cotzomi and Sara Coutino de Le'on and E. De la Fuente and C. de Le'on and Ram{\'o}n D{\'i}az Hern{\'a}ndez and J. C. D'iaz-V'elez and B. L. Dingus and Michael DuVernois and Mora Durocher and R. W. Ellsworth and K. Engel and C. Espinoza and K. L. Fan and M. Fern{\'a}ndez Alonso and Nissim Fraija and A. Galv'an-G'amez and D. Garc{\'i}a and J. A. Garc'ia-Gonz'alez and F. Garfias and Gwenael Giacinti and M. M. Gonz'alez and Jordan A. Goodman and James Patrick Harding and S. Hern{\'a}ndez and B. Hona and D. Huang and Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla and Petra Huntemeyer and A. Iriarte and A. Jardin-Blicq and V. Joshi and David Kieda and W. H. Lee and H. Le{\'o}n Vargas and J. T. Linnemann and Anna Lia Longinotti and G. Luis-Raya and Rub'en L'opez-Coto and Kelly Malone and O. Martinez and I. Martinez-Castellanos and J. Mart'inez-Castro and J. A. Matthews and Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli and J. A. Morales-Soto and E. Moreno and M. A. Mostafa and Lukas Nellen and M. Newbold and M. U. Nisa and R. Noriega-Papaqui and Nicola Omodei and Alison Peisker and Y. P'erez Araujo and E. G. P'erez-P'erez and Chang D. Rho and Daniel Rosa-Gonz'alez and E. Ruiz-Velasco and Francisco Salesa Greus and Arnaldo Caleiro Sandoval and M. Schneider and Harm Schoorlemmer and Jos{\'e} Serna-Franco and A. J. Smith and R. W. Springer and Pooja Surajbali and K. Tollefson and I. Torres and R. Torres-Escobedo and R. Turner and F. Ure{\~n}a-Mena and L. Villase{\~n}or and Thomas Weisgarber and E. Willox and H. Zhou