# （九）20-23題 ## 20 :::info 點選KVM10-設定 ::: ![](https://i.imgur.com/HQGtJey.png) :::info 在存放裝置中新增硬碟 ::: ![](https://i.imgur.com/ucOk87b.png) :::info 建立3個新的硬碟 （VDI :arrow_right: 動態分配 :arrow_right: 新增分別為**2G/6G/10G**的硬碟） ::: ![](https://i.imgur.com/3I19k2f.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/9vn3jzA.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/wd95v1R.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/RpITpAL.png) :::warning 新增完後記得選擇加入硬碟:heavy_exclamation_mark: ::: ![](https://i.imgur.com/tPiOOWQ.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/UqIo2gH.png) ``` $ fdisk -l ``` :::success 確認是否有12-31行的內容，有出現才有成功新增硬碟 ::: ```dockerfile= Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xc6f284e9 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 104857599 102758400 49G 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x647d74db Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 2050047 2048000 1000M 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 6 GiB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sdd: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/cs-root: 45 GiB, 48351936512 bytes, 94437376 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/cs-swap: 4 GiB, 4257218560 bytes, 8314880 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/mysdb-vo: 96 MiB, 100663296 bytes, 196608 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes ``` ``` $ fdisk /dev/sdb ``` ```dockerfile= Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-4194303, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-4194303, default 4194303): +1000M Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1000 MiB. Command (m for help): wq The partition table has been altered. Syncing disks. ``` ``` $ pvcreate /dev/sdb1 ``` ```dockerfile= Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created. ``` :::success 出現上面這行才表示執行成功 ::: ``` $ pvs ``` ```dockerfile= PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 cs lvm2 a-- <49.00g 0 /dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 1000.00m 1000.00m ``` ``` $ vgcreate mysdc /dev/sdb1 ``` ```dockerfile= Volume group "mysdb" successfully created ``` ``` $ vgs ``` ```dockerfile= VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree cs 1 2 0 wz--n- <49.00g 0 mysdb 1 0 0 wz--n- 996.00m 996.00m ``` ``` $ lvcreate -L 93M -n vo mysdb ``` ```dockerfile= Rounding up size to full physical extent 96.00 MiB Logical volume "vo" created. ``` ``` $ lvdisplay mysdc ``` ```dockerfile= --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/mysdb/vo LV Name vo VG Name mysdb LV UUID gg8f3a-vub7-JZA6-epdA-Ka2w-w2Yn-g7iMHU LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time kvm10.chuck.im.shu, 2021-10-01 03:59:03 -0400 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 96.00 MiB Current LE 24 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:3 ``` ``` $ mkfs.ext4 /dev/mysdb/vo ``` ```dockerfile= mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) Creating filesystem with 98304 1k blocks and 24576 inodes Filesystem UUID: 8b798ffc-449e-471a-b412-1fee67b4fad0 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (4096 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done ``` ``` $ vim /etc/fstab ``` :::warning 在檔案內容加入13行 ::: ```dockerfile= # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Wed Jun 30 09:26:04 2021 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'. # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. # # After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd # units generated from this file. # /dev/mapper/cs-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=82c7adc8-366d-4387-afca-71a5dd37aaa4 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/cs-swap none swap defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/mysdb-vo /reports ext4 defaults 1 2 ``` ``` $ mkdir /reports $ mount -a $ df -Th (確認是否掛載成功-9) ``` ```dockerfile= Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 8.5M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/cs-root xfs 46G 3.4G 42G 8% / /dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 200M 815M 20% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 374M 0 374M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/mysdb-vo ext4 89M 1.6M 81M 2% /reports ``` ## 21、22 ``` $ fdisk -l ``` :::success 確認是否有6GiB的硬碟（22-25） ::: ```dockerfile= Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xc6f284e9 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 104857599 102758400 49G 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x647d74db Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 2050047 2048000 1000M 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 6 GiB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sdd: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/cs-root: 45 GiB, 48351936512 bytes, 94437376 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/cs-swap: 4 GiB, 4257218560 bytes, 8314880 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/mysdb-vo: 96 MiB, 100663296 bytes, 196608 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes ``` ``` $ fdisk /dev/sdc ``` ```dockerfile= Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3ba440f6. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +200M Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 200 MiB. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 First sector (411648-20971519, default 411648): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (411648-20971519, default 20971519): +4900M Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 4.8 GiB. Command (m for help): t Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2 Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'. Command (m for help): wq The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. ``` ``` $ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1 ``` ```dockerfile= mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes Filesystem UUID: 9c751bf3-653d-4dac-afcd-5722147789f4 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (4096 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done ``` ``` $ mkdir /test $ vim /etc/fstab ``` :::warning 在檔案內容加入14行 ::: ```dockerfile= # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Wed Jun 30 09:26:04 2021 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'. # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. # # After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd # units generated from this file. # /dev/mapper/cs-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=82c7adc8-366d-4387-afca-71a5dd37aaa4 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/cs-swap none swap defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/mysdb-vo /reports ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/sdc1 /test ext4 defaults 0 0 ``` ``` $ mount -a $ df -Th (確認是否掛載成功-10) ``` ```dockerfile= Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/cs-root xfs 46G 3.4G 42G 8% / /dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 200M 815M 20% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 374M 0 374M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/mysdb-vo ext4 89M 1.6M 81M 2% /reports /dev/sdc1 ext4 190M 1.6M 175M 1% /test ``` ## 23 :::info 因為一開始就將會用到的磁碟數量掛載好 所以只要用**lsblk**查看有沒有一個空的磁碟即可 ::: ``` $ lsblk ``` ```dockerfile= NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 49G 0 part ├─cs-root 253:0 0 45G 0 lvm / └─cs-swap 253:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 2G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 1000M 0 part └─mysdb-vo 253:2 0 96M 0 lvm /reports sdc 8:32 0 6G 0 disk └─sdc1 8:33 0 1000M 0 part └─mysdc-vo 253:3 0 96M 0 lvm sdd 8:48 0 10G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom ```