General
ethereum.org has recently revamped their whole site and their developers section is very thorough and probably the best jumping off point. It provides a great overall introduction to Ethereum, and you’ll see other tabs with tutorials, etc. (Some of the references linked below will be linked somewhere from ethereum.org). Just clicking around on ethereum.org and reading through it will be really valuable.
Mastering Ethereum is an excellent book that teaches more "low-level" type of things, like how keys, wallets, and the EVM work. This is very helpful to know but often not applicable day-to-day
Tools and Frameworks
Foundry is my personal favorite development framework, and it's very quickly growing in popularity and becoming the default choice. It has lots of great features that other frameworks don't have, a quick development pace, and good support channels if you need help.
Visit the repo.