#### 1. What is the main goal of information-centric networking (ICN)?
- [ ] To improve the security of network communications
- [ ] To focus on the content itself rather than the location of the content
- [ ] To increase the speed of data transmission
- [ ] To reduce the cost of network infrastructure

#### 2. What is the role of crowdsourcing in shaping infrastructure strategies?
- [ ] To raise funds for a new business venture
- [ ] To outsource customer service to a third-party provider
- [ ] To gather ideas and solutions from a large group of people
- [ ] To recruit new employees for a company

#### 3. What are the three main components of the CIA triad in security?
- [ ] Confidentiality, Identification, Authorization
- [ ] Control, Identification, Authentication
- [ ] Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
- [ ] Cybersecurity, Information Assurance, Availability

#### 4. What is the difference between a public and private cloud?
- [ ] A public cloud is more secure than a private cloud
- [ ] A public cloud is owned and operated by a third-party provider, while a private cloud is owned and operated by a single organization
- [ ] There is no difference between a public and private cloud
- [ ] A public cloud is only accessible to a limited number of users, while a private cloud is accessible to anyone

#### 5. What is the difference between a physical server and a virtual machine?
- [ ] A physical server is more expensive to maintain than a virtual machine
- [ ] A physical server is a tangible piece of hardware, while a virtual machine is a software emulation of a server
- [ ] A physical server can run multiple operating systems, while a virtual machine can only run one
- [ ] A physical server is more secure than a virtual machine

#### 6. What are the differences between a LAN and a WAN, and what are their typical use cases?
- [ ] A LAN is typically smaller and covers a limited geographic area, while a WAN can span a large geographic area
- [ ] A LAN is a local area network, while a WAN is a wide area network
- [ ] All of the above
- [ ] A LAN is typically owned and operated by a single organization, while a WAN is typically owned and operated by a service provider

#### 7. What is Quality of Service (QoS) in networking, and why is it important for certain applications like video conferencing?
- [ ] QoS refers to the overall performance of a network as perceived by its users. It is important for applications like video conferencing because they require a certain level of bandwidth and low latency to function properly.
- [ ] QoS is a type of network security protocol that protects against unauthorized access. It is important for video conferencing to prevent eavesdropping and ensure privacy.
- [ ] QoS is a method of compressing data to reduce bandwidth usage. It is important for video conferencing to minimize the amount of data transmitted and improve performance.
- [ ] QoS is a way of prioritizing certain types of network traffic over others. It is not relevant to video conferencing, as all traffic is treated equally.

#### 8. Explain the differences between the three cloud computing service models: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS, and provide examples of each.
- [ ] IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, PaaS provides a platform for developing and deploying applications, and SaaS provides software applications over the internet. Examples include AWS EC2 (IaaS), Heroku (PaaS), and Salesforce (SaaS).
- [ ] IaaS provides software applications over the internet, PaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, and SaaS provides a platform for developing and deploying applications. Examples include Dropbox (IaaS), Microsoft Azure (PaaS), and Google Workspace (SaaS).
- [ ] IaaS provides a platform for developing and deploying applications, PaaS provides software applications over the internet, and SaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. Examples include OpenStack (IaaS), Apache Stratos (PaaS), and Slack (SaaS).
- [ ] IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS are all the same thing and can be used interchangeably. Examples include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

#### 9. How does the concept of information-centric networking (ICN) differ from traditional networking paradigms, and what are its potential advantages in terms of content delivery and network efficiency?
- [ ] ICN focuses on the location of content, while traditional networking focuses on the content itself. ICN's advantage is improved security.
- [ ] ICN and traditional networking are the same. There are no advantages to using ICN.
- [ ] ICN focuses on the content itself rather than the location of the content. ICN's advantages include improved content delivery and network efficiency.
- [ ] ICN focuses on the security of network communications, while traditional networking focuses on content delivery. ICN's advantage is increased speed of data transmission.

#### 10. What is the purpose of a data center?
- [ ] To provide office space for IT professionals
- [ ] To house and manage IT infrastructure, including servers, storage, and networking equipment
- [ ] To develop and test new software applications
- [ ] To store and manage customer data

#### 11. What is the purpose of a network switch?
- [ ] To protect devices on a network from unauthorized access
- [ ] To connect multiple devices on a network and forward data packets between them
- [ ] To provide internet access to devices on a network
- [ ] To store and manage data for devices on a network

#### 12. What is the difference between a router and a switch?
- [ ] A router is more expensive than a switch
- [ ] A router connects multiple networks, while a switch connects devices within a single network
- [ ] A router operates at the network layer, while a switch operates at the data link layer
- [ ] A router is more secure than a switch

#### 13. What is the purpose of a firewall?
- [ ] To improve the performance of a network
- [ ] To protect a network from unauthorized access
- [ ] To connect multiple networks together
- [ ] To store and manage data for a network

#### 14. What are the key components of a typical data center floor plan, and how do they contribute to the overall functionality and efficiency of the data center?
- [ ] NOC room (Network Operations Center): Monitors and manages network infrastructure, ensuring smooth operation and quick issue resolution.
- [ ] Staging room: Used for unpacking, configuring, and testing new equipment before deployment, minimizing disruptions to live operations.
- [ ] Raised floor: Allows for efficient airflow and cable management, optimizing cooling and organization.
- [ ] All of the above

#### 15. How do TCP and IP work together to ensure reliable data transmission over the internet?
- [ ] TCP is responsible for routing data packets between networks, while IP ensures the packets are delivered in the correct order.
- [ ] TCP and IP are unrelated protocols with different functions in networking.
- [ ] TCP divides data into packets, and IP assigns unique addresses to devices, ensuring each packet reaches its destination.
- [ ] TCP establishes a connection between devices, while IP encrypts the data to ensure confidentiality.

#### 16. What does DLT stand for in the context of Professor Marios Angelopoulos' lecture?
- [ ] Data Link Technology
- [ ] Distributed Ledger Technology
- [ ] Digital Library Technology
- [ ] None of the above

#### 17. How can businesses effectively transition to a data-driven circular economy, and what are the potential benefits for both the environment and the economy?
- [ ] By collecting and analyzing data on resource usage, businesses can identify opportunities to reduce waste, reuse materials, and create more sustainable products and services. This can lead to cost savings, increased efficiency, and a reduced environmental impact.
- [ ] By focusing on recycling and waste disposal, businesses can achieve a circular economy without the need for data. This approach is more cost-effective and easier to implement than a data-driven approach.
- [ ] A data-driven circular economy is not feasible for most businesses due to the high costs and complexity of data collection and analysis. Traditional linear models are more practical and efficient.
- [ ] The transition to a data-driven circular economy requires significant government intervention and regulation. Businesses cannot achieve this transition on their own.

#### 18. What is the purpose of a man trap entry in a data center?
- [ ] To trap and contain any rodents or pests that may enter the data center
- [ ] To regulate the temperature and humidity within the data center
- [ ] To provide a secure storage area for sensitive equipment
- [ ] To prevent unauthorized access

#### 19. What is the purpose of using bloom filters in network monitoring?

- [ ] To encrypt sensitive network traffic data
- [ ] To store complete network traffic data for analysis
- [ ] To compress network traffic data for storage
- [ ] To efficiently test whether an element is a member of a set

#### 20. What are the main types of network infrastructure used in data centers, and how do they support the high-bandwidth and low-latency requirements of modern applications?

- [ ] Fiber optic cables for high-speed data transmission, routers for efficient traffic routing, and switches for connecting devices within the network.
- [ ] Wireless access points for ubiquitous connectivity, copper cables for cost-effective connections, and hubs for simple data sharing.
- [ ] Satellite links for long-distance communication, microwave towers for point-to-point connections, and repeaters for signal amplification.
- [ ] Dial-up modems for legacy systems, coaxial cables for cable TV distribution, and bridges for connecting dissimilar networks.

#### 21. What is the purpose of a staging room in a data center?
- [ ] For storing backup tapes and other offline media
- [ ] For unpacking, configuring, and testing new equipment before it is deployed
- [ ] For housing the data center's cooling system
- [ ] For providing a break room for data center staff

#### 22. What is the primary function of a data warehouse?
- [ ] To manage network traffic and ensure quality of service
- [ ] To host and run applications in a virtualized environment
- [ ] To store and manage large amounts of structured data for analysis and reporting
- [ ] To provide real-time transaction processing

#### 23. What is the main advantage of using containers in software development?
- [ ] They reduce the need for hardware resources
- [ ] They allow for faster and more efficient software deployment
- [ ] They provide a secure environment for running applications
- [ ] They enable seamless integration between different operating systems

#### 24. Which of the following is a key characteristic of blockchain technology?
- [ ] Single point of failure
- [ ] Centralized control
- [ ] Mutable data
- [ ] Decentralization

#### 25. What is the purpose of virtualization in cloud computing?
- [ ] To improve the security of cloud-based applications
- [ ] To enable seamless data transfer between different cloud providers
- [ ] To create multiple virtual machines from a single physical server
- [ ] To reduce the cost of cloud storage

#### 26. What is the role of a server in a client-server architecture?
- [ ] To manage network traffic between clients and servers
- [ ] To request resources and services from servers
- [ ] To store and manage data for clients
- [ ] To provide resources and services to clients

#### 28. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of cloud computing?
- [ ] Cost savings
- [ ] Increased control over infrastructure
- [ ] Flexibility
- [ ] Scalability

#### 29. What is the purpose of Software-defined Networking (SDN) in modern infrastructure?
- [ ] To physically separate the control plane and data plane of networking devices.
- [ ] To enable dynamic, programmable network control through software applications.
- [ ] To replace all hardware networking devices with software-based solutions.
- [ ] To create a centralized point of control for all network traffic.

# Answers

#### A1 What is the main goal of information-centric networking (ICN)?
- [x] To focus on the content itself rather than the location of the content

#### A2 What is the role of crowdsourcing in shaping infrastructure strategies?
- [x] To gather ideas and solutions from a large group of people

#### A3 What are the three main components of the CIA triad in security?
- [x] Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

#### A4 What is the difference between a public and private cloud?
- [x] A public cloud is owned and operated by a third-party provider, while a private cloud is owned and operated by a single organization

#### A5 What is the difference between a physical server and a virtual machine?
- [x] A physical server is a tangible piece of hardware, while a virtual machine is a software emulation of a server

#### A6 What are the differences between a LAN and a WAN, and what are their typical use cases?
- [x] All of the above

#### A7 What is Quality of Service (QoS) in networking, and why is it important for certain applications like video conferencing?
- [x] QoS is a way of prioritizing certain types of network traffic over others. It is important for applications like video conferencing because they require a certain level of bandwidth and low latency to function properly.

#### A8 Explain the differences between the three cloud computing service models: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS, and provide examples of each.
- [x] IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, PaaS provides a platform for developing and deploying applications, and SaaS provides software applications over the internet. Examples include AWS EC2 (IaaS), Heroku (PaaS), and Salesforce (SaaS).

#### A9 How does the concept of information-centric networking (ICN) differ from traditional networking paradigms, and what are its potential advantages in terms of content delivery and network efficiency?
- [x] ICN focuses on the content itself rather than the location of the content. ICN's advantages include improved content delivery and network efficiency.

#### A10 What is the purpose of a data center?
- [x] To house and manage IT infrastructure, including servers, storage, and networking equipment

#### A11 What is the purpose of a network switch?
- [x] To connect multiple devices on a network and forward data packets between them

#### A12 What is the difference between a router and a switch?
- [x] A router connects multiple networks, while a switch connects devices within a single network

#### A13 What is the purpose of a firewall?
- [x] To protect a network from unauthorized access

#### A14 What are the key components of a typical data center floor plan, and how do they contribute to the overall functionality and efficiency of the data center?
- [x] All of the above

#### A15 How do TCP and IP work together to ensure reliable data transmission over the internet?
- [x] TCP divides data into packets, and IP assigns unique addresses to devices, ensuring each packet reaches its destination.

#### A16 What does DLT stand for in the context of Professor Marios Angelopoulos' lecture?
- [x] Distributed Ledger Technology

#### A17 How can businesses effectively transition to a data-driven circular economy, and what are the potential benefits for both the environment and the economy?
- [x] By collecting and analyzing data on resource usage, businesses can identify opportunities to reduce waste, reuse materials, and create more sustainable products and services. This can lead to cost savings, increased efficiency, and a reduced environmental impact.

#### A18 What is the purpose of a man trap entry in a data center?
- [x] To prevent unauthorized access

#### A19 What is the purpose of using bloom filters in network monitoring?
- [x] To efficiently test whether an element is a member of a set

#### A20 What are the main types of network infrastructure used in data centers, and how do they support the high-bandwidth and low-latency requirements of modern applications?
- [x] Fiber optic cables for high-speed data transmission, routers for efficient traffic routing, and switches for connecting devices within the network.

#### A21 What is the purpose of a staging room in a data center?
- [x] For unpacking, configuring, and testing new equipment before it is deployed

#### A22 What is the primary function of a data warehouse?
- [x] To store and manage large amounts of structured data for analysis and reporting

#### A23 What is the main advantage of using containers in software development?
- [x] They allow for faster and more efficient software deployment

#### A24 Which of the following is a key characteristic of blockchain technology?
- [x] Decentralization

#### A25 What is the purpose of virtualization in cloud computing?
- [x] To create multiple virtual machines from a single physical server

#### A26 What is the role of a server in a client-server architecture?
- [x] To provide resources and services to clients

#### A28 Which of the following is NOT a benefit of cloud computing?
- [x] Increased control over infrastructure

#### A29 What is the purpose of Software-defined Networking (SDN) in modern infrastructure?
- [x] To enable dynamic, programmable network control through software applications.