# LegalSAFU
[TOC]
## The impending escalation of further weaponizing internet infrastructure
Recently this working paper signed by a wide spectrum of key organizations responsible for maintaining portions of the internet was published. It lays out the future groundwork needed for global inter-urisditional enforcement of sanctions at the global BGP routing level.
Below is selected quotes (emphasis mine) of the conclusion of which actions to take in the future and the proof of supporting such actions:
> We believe the time is right for the formation of a new, minimal, multistakeholder mechanism, similar in scale to NSP-Sec or Outages, **which after due process and consensus would publish sanctioned IP addresses and domain names in the form of public data feeds in standard forms** (BGP and RPZ), to be consumed by any organization that chooses to subscribe to the principles and their outcome.
>
> We call upon our colleagues to participate in a multistakeholder deliberation using the mechanism outlined above, to decide whether the IP addresses and domain names of the Russian military and its propaganda organs should be sanctioned, **and to lay the groundwork for timely decisions of similar gravity and urgency in the future.**
https://www.pch.net/resources/Papers/Multistakeholder-Imposition-of-Internet-Sanctions.pdf
The two key forms of enforcing such global censorship are identified to be:
- Blocklisting
- Revocation of certificates associated with domain names
## Negative Events
## IP Address level sanctioning
Ukraine invasion: We should consider internet sanctions, says ICANN ex-CEO
https://www.theregister.com/2022/03/10/internet_russia_sanctions/?td=keepreading
### Multistakeholder Imposition of Internet Sanctions
https://www.pch.net/resources/Papers/Multistakeholder-Imposition-of-Internet-Sanctions.pdf
### LINX suspends peereing
https://twitter.com/woodyatpch/status/1502257208347615235
### RIPE NCC Response to Request from Ukrainian Government
https://www.ripe.net/publications/news/announcements/ripe-ncc-response-to-request-from-ukrainian-government
### NOMINET suspends Russian registrars for co.uk
https://www.theregister.com/2022/03/15/nominet_suspends_russian_registrars/
### Ukraine asks ICANN to kill all russian domains
https://www.theregister.com/2022/03/01/ukraine_icann_domains/?td=keepreading
In response to Prykhodko, Erich Schweighofer, a professor at the University of Vienna and ICANN community participant, wrote:
ICANN is a neutral platform, not taking a position in this conflict but allowing States to act accordingly, e.g. blocking all traffic from a particular state
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/correspondence/marby-to-fedorov-02mar22-en.pdf
However, CENTR, the Council of European National Top-Level Domain Registries, did choose a side. The Belgium-based non-profit, which focuses on legal, administrative, and technical policies and best practices for ccTLD registries, on Tuesday suspended the membership of the Coordination Center for TLD .RU/.РФ – administrator for those ccTLDs.
ICANN, Ukraine and Leveraging Internet Identifiers
https://www.internetgovernance.org/2022/03/01/icann-ukraine-and-leveraging-internet-identifiers/
### RIPE NCC: RIPE NCC Executive Board Resolution on Provision of Critical Services
https://www.ripe.net/publications/news/announcements/ripe-ncc-executive-board-resolution-on-provision-of-critical-services
https://eump.org/media/2022/Goran-Marby.pdf
### [At-Large] [ccwg-internet-governance] UA asking ICANN to introduce sanctions targeting Russian Federation’s access to the Internet: nabok at thedigital.gov.ua to ICANN: "Ukraine urgently need ICANN's support"
https://atlarge-lists.icann.org/pipermail/at-large/2022q1/007816.html
Contribute to the revoking for SSL certificates for the abovementioned
> domains.
> Shut down DNS root servers situated in the Russian Federation, namely:
>
> Saint Petersburg, RU (IPv4 199.7.83.42)
> Moscow, RU (IPv4 199.7.83.42, 3 instances)
>
> Apart from these measures, I will be sending a separate request to RIPE
> NCC asking to withdraw the right to use all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses by all
> Russian members of RIPE NCC (LIRs - Local Internet Registries), and to
> block the DNS root servers that it is operating.
>
> All of these measures will help users seek for reliable information in
> alternative domain zones, preventing propaganda and disinformation.
> Leaders, governments and organizations all over the world are in favor of
> introducing sanctions towards the Russian Federation since they aim at
> putting the aggression towards Ukraine and other countries to an end. I ask
> you kindly to seriously consider such measures and implement them as
> quickly as possible. Help to save the lives of people in our country.
>
> Also, the above was signed by the Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine -
> Minister of Digital Transformation, the appendix is attached to this email.
### Ukraine Ministry Letter
https://atlarge-lists.icann.org/pipermail/at-large/2022q1/007816.html
## References
Farhat, K. (2017) ‘Digital Object Architecture and the Internet of Things: Getting a ‘Handle’ on Techno-Political Competition’; Internet Governance Project, Georgia Institute of Technology, Available at https://www.internetgovernance.org/wp-content/uploads/Karim_Farhat_IoT_IGP.pdf
Mueller, M. (2017) Is Cybersecurity Eating Internet Governance? Causes and Consequences of Alternative Framings. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, Forthcoming.
Kuerbis, B. and Badiei, F. (2017) Mapping the cybersecurity institutional landscape. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, Forthcoming.
Kuerbis, B. and Mueller, M. (2017) Internet routing registries, data governance, and security. Journal of Cyber Policy, 2(1), pp.64-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2017.1295092
Mueller, M. and Badiei, F. (May 2017) Governing Internet Territory: ICANN, Sovereignty Claims, Property Rights and Country Code Top Level Domain Names, Columbia Science & Technology Law Rev., 18, pp.435-515. http://www.stlr.org/download/volumes/volume18/muellerBadiei.pdf
2015
Mueller, M. (2015, 09). The IANA Transition and the Role of Governments in Internet Governance. IP Justice Journal: Internet Governance and Online Freedom Publication Series. Download here.
Sovereignty, National Security, and Internet Governance: Proceedings of a Workshop. organized by Milton L Mueller, Syracuse University School of Information Studies, and Hans Klein, Georgia Institute of Technology School of Public Policy, December 12, 2014 https://www.internetgovernance.org/pdf/Proceedings-publication.pdf
2014
Mueller, M. & Kuerbis, B. (2014, 03). Roadmap for globalizing IANA: Four principles and a proposal for reform Retrieved from Internet Governance Project: https://www.internetgovernance.org/pdf/ICANNreformglobalizingIANAfinal.pdf
Mueller, M. & Wagner, B. (2014, 01). Finding a Formula for Brazil: Representation and Legitimacy in Internet governance Retrieved from Internet Governance Project: https://www.internetgovernance.org/pdf/MiltonBenWPdraft_Final.pdf
2013
Mueller, M. (2013, 05). Are we in a Digital Cold War? Retrieved from Internet Governance Project: https://www.internetgovernance.org/wp-content/uploads/DigitalColdWar31.pdf
---
## Contact Persons
### Milton Mueller
https://www.theregister.com/2022/03/03/icann_ukraine_russian_domains/
Milton Mueller, professor at Georgia Tech and director of the Internet Governance Project, emphasized the need for neutral infrastructure in a blog post on Tuesday that challenged Fedorov's disconnection request.
"Despite our strong opposition to Russia’s war, and our support for punitive sanctions targeting Russia’s capacity to sustain military operations economically, this proposal is misguided and dangerous," he wrote. "It strikes at the very basis of the neutral administration of naming and numbering registries that is required to make global communications fair and accessible to everyone."
For ICANN to intervene would undo the foundation of the internet and invite a variety of bad outcomes, he argues.
"Current calls for instantly bending the entire Internet governance regime to momentary outrage about Russia are more about posturing than effective responses to Russian aggression," he wrote. "These efforts to appear virtuous in opposition to a clear evil can inadvertently do long term damage to human rights."
## Whats this all for?
We (the greater Ethereum *publica*) cannot buy our security, our freedom from the threat of incarceration or violence by committing an immorality so great as saying to the future generations that will come after us, "Abandon any hope of freedom because to save our own skins, we're willing to make a deal with your future slave masters."
Our solutions cannot be limited to asking these platforms to do a better job of meeting their moral obligations – we must consider other modalities at the very least. Which is why I bring up this trust business.
## A Trust for the new Homestead
### The ‘Trust’
Nathan Schneider, the editor to vitaliks book (comes out late rthis month) has this to say about trusts as a legal entity:
> ... Community ownership need not require distinctive company structures. The US Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), which achieved federal recognition and favorable tax treatment beginning in 1974, employs a trust that can hold shares in several different types of companies on employees’ behalf; similar structures could be employed to hold platform assets for other kinds of communities (Schneider 2020b). Perpetual purpose trusts, although originally created for estate planning (Antoine 2013), are beginning to prove useful in conjoining community ownership with organizational mission (Michael 2017; Peters 2018), although this approach is little-tested and may not yet be sufficiently enforceable. Trust-mediated ownership could also provide the benefits of co-ownership for platform users who do not want a formal, ongoing stock-holding relationship with the company.
- source: https://osf.io/pe2va [Nathan Schneider](https://ntnsndr.mirror.xyz/)
Sign in with Wallet
Connect another wallet