Everything About GCB
什麼是 GCB?
政府組態基準 (Government Configuration Baseline,簡稱GCB) 由國家資通安全研究院提出,規範資通訊設備(如個人電腦、伺服器主機及網通設備等) 的一致性安全設定(如密碼長度、更新期限等),以降低成為駭客入侵管道,進而引發資安事件之風險。
國家資通安全研究院 - 政府組態基準(GCB)
簡單來說, GCB 是一連串的「規範條件」,例如「密碼長度要多長」、「阻擋第三方 Cookie 使用」等。
GCB 官方網站提供一狗票的套用包。隨機一個,可能會長得像這樣:
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如何套用 GCB
最有用的教學!
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https://www.cc.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/epaper/0059/20211220_5903.html
https://download.nics.nat.gov.tw/api/v4/file-service/UploadFile/attachfilegcb/112%E5%B9%B4GCB%E5%AF%A6%E4%BD%9C%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6_Windows%20Server%202022v1.0_1130702.pdf
https://download.nics.nat.gov.tw/api/v4/file-service/UploadFile/attachfilegcb/112%E5%B9%B4GCB%E5%AF%A6%E4%BD%9C%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6_Windows%20Server%202022v1.0_1130702.pdf
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HackMD
套用 GCB 到 Windows 上面的方法,是透過設定群組原則(GPO)來達成。
由於 GCB 有上千項,通常不會手動套用…。反之,推薦你使用微軟工具。
注意:機房可能有專屬連線作業須知,例如衛生福利部。請向櫃檯詢問關於 GCB 套用後有無注意事項,例如連線使用者的設定需如何做修正。
- 安裝 LocalGPO 程式。這個程式可以讓你快速套用 GCB 內容。下載當中的「LGPO.zip」檔案即可!
- 將下載之 LGPO.zip 程式解壓縮至任意位置。
- 用系統管理員身分執行「命令提示字元」,cd 到 LGPO 資料夾的位置(例如
cd C:\User\Admin\Desktop\LGPO
)
- 備份當前設定(可跳過):執行指令
LGPO.exe /b <絕對路徑>
以把當前電腦的 GPO 進行備份。
- 把你要套用的 GCB 封包解壓縮後,複製路徑。(到那一串奇怪代碼的地方)
- 套用:執行指令
LGPO.exe /g <GCB 封包路徑>
。你理當看到匯入成功的訊息,參考下方。
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- The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
- The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
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- 更新群組原則 (GPO): (1) 重新開機即可。或者 (2) 執行
gpupdate /force
指令。
P.S. 若你要還原回原先的備份狀態,只需重新匯入備份即可 - LGPO.exe /g <備份的絕對路徑>
特殊:伺服器角色專用 GPO
資安院提供 2+4 個群組原則 for Windows Server. 每一台應套用 2+1 個群組原則。
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- The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
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判斷伺服器角色、與詳細套用,請前往 112年GCB實作文件_Windows Server 2022v1.0_1130702
- 安裝 SecGuide (可以到微軟官網預先下載) P. 21-25
- 單機版部署流程 P. 52-59
- 檢查伺服器角色並安裝 P. 68-98
如何驗收 GCB
稽查標準:
國家資通安全研究院 - GCB說明文件
國家資通安全研究院-為提升國家資通安全科技能力、推動資通安全科技研發及應用,特設國家資通安全研究院(以下簡稱本院),行政院核定本院設置條例於112年1月1日正式施行,監督機關為數位發展部。
https://www.nics.nat.gov.tw/core_business/cybersecurity_defense/GCB/GCB_Documentation/
驗收方式採用「人工抽查」。你沒看錯…人工抽查。
透過 GPEdit 程式執行,搭配 GCB 文件,隨機選擇幾項進行檢查是否符合。
GCB 說明文件會指示你該前往群組原則的哪一層級觀看。通常說明文件會長得像是這樣:
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- The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
- The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
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注意「GPO 設定路徑」欄位。
- 執行群組原則編輯器:以系統管理員身分執行 gpedit.msc 程式
- 依照說明文件與你的心情,隨機抽選一個,然後在群組原則編輯器上檢查
- 有符合「GCB 設定值」欄位的值,即算為套用成功。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
- The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
- The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
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