## 20240206 python 筆記
### GUI介面:(tkinter module)
1.windows:a container for widgets (可以放進元素的容器(視窗))
2.widgets:GUI elements:buttons,textboxes,labels,images (簡單上來說就是GUI的元素)

from tkinter import*
window=Tk() #創建一個GUI

window.geometry("420x420")  #window 大小 #geometry:幾何 #為string numxnum
window.title("test window") #name of window
window.config(background="black")   #background color
window.config(background="#5cfcff") #也可以用色碼
window.mainloop()   #display window,and wait for events.

### label of GUI
An area wedget that holds text / image within a window.

from tkinter import*
window=Tk()
window.geometry("400x400")


#photo=PhotoImage(file="file_name")  #將圖片存進photo變數
                                    #有一些可改變的參數
lable=Label(window,text="hello",    #text
            font=("Arial",40,"bold"), #font(字型)
            foreground="Green",     #foreground(字體顏色)
            background="black",
            relief=RAISED,  #border
            border=10,   #thickness of border
            padx=20,    #the x direction distance of text to border
            pady=20     #the y direction distance of text to border
            #image=photo    #upload picture 
            )    
lable.pack()    #要使用.pack()才會將label上傳

lable.place(x=100,y=0)  #position of label
window.mainloop()   #display window,and wait for events.

### button of GUI
click it and do some thing.

from tkinter import*
click_times=0
def click():
    global click_times  #注意:因為在func外的預設都為global variable,所以要再修改為global 是在func內宣告!!
    click_times+=1
    print("clicked",click_times)
window=Tk()
#photo=PhotoImage(file="file_name")
button=Button(window,   #window
              text="click it",  #button 上文字
              command=click,    #按下button 執行func
              font=("Comic Sans",30),   #button 字體
              foreground="green",   #字體顏色
              background="black",   #背景顏色
              activeforeground="red",   #按下時字體顏色
              activebackground="blue",  #按下時背景顏色
              state=ACTIVE, #button是否打開
              #image=photo,
              compound="top")   #圖片在字體上面("top"),圖片在字體下面("button")
button.pack()   #upload button
window.geometry("200x200")  
window.mainloop()

### entry box
enable user to input a single line

from tkinter import*

def submission():
    contents=entry_box.get()
    print(contents)
def deletion():
    entry_box.delete(0,END)
def backspace():
    entry_box.delete(entry_box.index(END)-1,END)

window=Tk()
window.geometry("200x200")

entry_box=Entry(window,font=("arial",50),
                foreground="green",
                show="*")

entry_box.pack()

button1=Button(window,text="submit",command=submission)
button2=Button(window,text="delete",command=deletion)
button3=Button(window,text="backspace",command=backspace)

button1.pack(side="right")
button2.pack(side="right")
button3.pack(side="right")



entry_box.insert(0,"hi")
window.mainloop()