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# System prepended metadata

title: Quantus ↔ Ethereum ↔ Solana Bridge Roadmap (Plonky3-Only)

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# Quantus ↔ Ethereum ↔ Solana Bridge Roadmap (Plonky3-Only)

## Introduction
This document outlines the roadmap for a trust-minimized bridge between Ethereum (ERC-20), Solana (SPL), 
and Quantus (Substrate PoW, PQ). The design uses **Plonky3** exclusively, leveraging its transparent setup, 
recursion, and alignment with a post-quantum security narrative. Groth16 and other SNARKs are not in scope.

---

## Phase 0 — Trusted MVP
- **Mechanism:** Multisig/MPC validators. 
- **Ethereum side:** `TokenVault` escrows ERC-20. 
- **Solana side:** `TokenVault` program escrows SPL. 
- **Quantus side:** `pallet-bridge-core` + `pallet-assets`. 
- **Relayers:** Submit signed events cross-chain. 
- **Security:** Economic trust in validator set, strict rate limits, circuit breaker. 
- **Goal:** Enable ERC-20 ↔ Quantus and SPL ↔ Quantus transfers quickly.

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## Phase 1 — Plonky3 Light Client (Quantus → Ethereum & Solana)
- **Circuit:** Proves Quantus headers are valid descendants of a known checkpoint. 
- **Consensus checks enforced:** 
  - Proof-of-Work validity (`hash(header) < target`). 
  - Difficulty adjustment algorithm correctness. 
  - Timestamp bounds. 
- **Public inputs:** Checkpoint hash, final header hash, cumulative work. 
- **Formula:**

  ```
  W = Σ floor(2^256 / (target_i + 1))
  ```

- **Bridge logic:** Ethereum contract and Solana program both accept Plonky3 proofs of Quantus headers. 
- **Message inclusion:** Outbound burns proven by Merkle proofs anchored in Quantus headers. 

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## Phase 2 — Ethereum & Solana → Quantus zk Verification
- **Ethereum side:** Plonky3 circuit verifies Ethereum finalized headers + Merkle Patricia proofs of events. 
- **Solana side:** Plonky3 circuit verifies Solana finalized block headers + Merkle proofs of account state/events. 
- **Quantus runtime:** 
  - `pallet-eth-lightclient` accepts Ethereum proofs. 
  - `pallet-sol-lightclient` accepts Solana proofs. 
- **Result:** Bidirectional zk verification with both Ethereum and Solana. 
- **Fallback:** Validator signatures retained for liveness.

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## Phase 3 — Recursive Batching + Efficiency
- **Recursive composition:** Aggregate large ranges of Quantus, Ethereum, and Solana header proofs into succinct proofs. 
- **Anchoring cadence:** Post these aggregate proofs periodically on Ethereum and Solana. 
- **Gas/compute savings:** Lower on-chain costs; easier management of cross-chain commitments. 
- **Unified relayers:** One relayer stack can submit recursive proofs to both Ethereum and Solana.

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## Phase 4 — Full Trustless Production
- **Canonical selection:** Only proofs extending the last accepted checkpoint are valid. 
- **Fork handling:** 
  - For Quantus (PoW): heaviest chain via cumulative work. 
  - For Ethereum (finality): rely on finalized headers. 
  - For Solana: rely on confirmed supermajority finalization. 
- **Mitigations:** 
  - Finality delays and challenge windows. 
  - Rate limits, pause functionality, operator bonds/slashing. 
- **Outcome:** Secure, zk-enforced interoperability across Ethereum, Solana, and Quantus.

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## Security Assumptions
1. **Checkpoints:** 
   - Anchored on Ethereum and Solana. 
   - Prevents fake offline forks; proofs must extend accepted headers. 

2. **Post-checkpoint forks:** 
   - **Quantus:** resolved by cumulative work (`W = Σ floor(2^256 / (target_i + 1))`). 
   - **Ethereum/Solana:** resolved by relying on their finality rules. 

3. **Finality & Stability:** 
   - N-block delays on Quantus; native finality guarantees on Ethereum and Solana. 
   - Challenge windows allow disputes to surface. 

4. **Trust model:** 
   - Transparent setup only (Plonky3). 
   - Strengthened by bonds, slashing, and governance-controlled limits.

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## Why Plonky3?
- **Transparent setup:** No ceremony needed. 
- **Recursion:** Efficient aggregation across *three chains*. 
- **STARK-like security:** PQ-aligned cryptography. 
- **Narrative win:** Unique positioning by unifying Ethereum, Solana, and Quantus bridging on Plonky3.

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## Conclusion
This roadmap expands the bridge scope to Ethereum and Solana, using Plonky3 exclusively. 
Checkpoints and fork-choice ensure correct chain selection, while recursive proofs reduce cost. 
The design provides a secure, efficient, and narrative-strong interoperability layer across three major ecosystems.
