Ubuntu 18.04 雜記

--- tags: ubuntu GA: UA-167433668-1 title: Ubuntu 18.04 雜記 description: 記錄我使用Ubuntu 18.04時所作的一些系統設定變更&常常忘記的東西… --- Ubuntu 18.04 雜記 === 記錄我使用Ubuntu 18.04時所作的一些系統設定變更&常常忘記的東西… ## 一些常用鍵盤快捷鍵星號標記^★^是我有修改/自己新增的設定！ | 動作 | 快捷鍵| | - | - | | (中文輸入法)打特殊字元| <kbd>\`</kbd> | | 部份截圖並複製到剪貼簿| <kbd>win</kbd>\+<kbd>shift</kbd>\+<kbd>S</kbd>^★^ | | 預覽視窗^★^| 用滑鼠中間鍵點擊Dock Icon | | 切換上/下workspace| <kbd>win</kbd>\+<kbd>pgup</kbd> / <kbd>win</kbd>\+<kbd>pgdn</kbd> | | 把目前視窗丟去上/下workspace| <kbd>shift</kbd>\+<kbd>win</kbd>\+<kbd>pgup</kbd> / <kbd>shift</kbd>\+<kbd>win</kbd>\+<kbd>pgdn</kbd> | | 縮小視窗 | <kbd>win</kbd>\+<kbd>H</kbd> | | toggle maximize window vertically| <kbd>ctrl</kbd>\+<kbd>win</kbd>\+<kbd>↑</kbd> ^★^ | | toggle emoji keyboard | <kbd>win</kbd>\+<kbd>shift</kbd>+<kbd>E</kbd> ^★^ | ## 注音輸入法 (ibus-chewing) - 輸入全形標點符號是<kbd>shift</kbd>+<kbd>\<key\></kbd> 選詞的時候把詞「切開」例如：想打「飛機」的話，打「ㄈㄟ﹉ㄐ一﹉」會出現「飛機」。當光標移到「飛」和「機」中間並按下`↓`的時候，卻無法單獨為「ㄐ一﹉」選字，反而會自動跳到「飛」的前面，而且選項只有「飛機」。 - **方法1:** 光標移到兩字的中間，按`tab`就可以單獨為後面的字進行選字 - **方法2:** 光標移到兩字的中間，按`↓`的時候會被「彈」去前面選**詞**，這時候再按一次`↓`就可以單獨為後面的字進行選字兩種都有一個**共通缺點**：有時候前面的字會跑掉...例如：想打「非長」的話，打了「ㄈㄟ﹉ㄔㄤˊ」會出現「非常」。當你用上述任一方法把詞切斷並把第二個字選擇「長」的時候，第一個字會自己變成「ㄈㄟ﹉」的首選字「飛」，於是變成「飛長」… ## 點擊Dock icon縮小目前視窗 GUI到處找都找不到，只好上網查，馬上找到這篇 [Click on Icon to Minimize Application in Ubuntu 18.04](https://tipsonubuntu.com/2018/04/15/click-icon-minimize-application-window-ubuntu-18-04/) 前面說一大堆要安裝什麼dconf編輯器的，其實根本不用！看到最後才說，只要執行下面這一行指令就好了 :+1: `$ gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock click-action 'minimize'` :::warning 這個作法的問題是如果同個app有超過1個正在運行的視窗，click他的dock icon只會直接把目前視窗縮小，沒辦法像在windows一樣預覽/選擇視窗… ::: 順便說, `$ gsettings list-keys org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock` 可以看到一大堆可以調整的設定，[這裡](https://github.com/micheleg/dash-to-dock/blob/master/schemas/org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock.gschema.xml)可以看到acceptable parameters(?) ~~改天來研究看看有沒有辦法可以預覽視窗…~~ > [這裡](https://github.com/micheleg/dash-to-dock/pull/574)可以看到是有人想做這個feature, 但目前還沒做出來就是了… [time=24 May 2020] ## Hover預覽視窗以下作法雖然沒辦法像windows一樣preview on hover, 但至少還是可以preview, 只不過要用中間鍵點擊... ``` $ gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock middle-click-action 'previews' ``` ## Emoji keyboard Install from [here](https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1162/emoji-selector/). To install gnome extensions directly from the website, the **plugin** and **connector** must be installed first. Plugin (firefox): [here](https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeShellIntegrationForChrome) Connector: `sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell` Default keyboard shortcut to toggle emoji selector is <kbd>win</kbd>+<kbd>E</kbd>. > [time=27 Jun 2020] ## 系統字體一般來說比較簡單的方法是用`gnome-tweak-tool`但是我不想單純為了改字體就安裝一個新的東西 :unamused: 用`gsettings`也可以改，但有些地方還是改不到，例如畫面最上方的狀態欄 ``` $ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface font-name 'URW Gothic L Book 11' $ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface document-font-name 'URW Gothic L Book 11' $ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences titlebar-uses-system-font false $ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences titlebar-font 'URW Gothic L Book 11' $ gsettings org.gnome.nautilus.desktop font 'URW Gothic L Book 11' ``` > [time=7 Oct 2020] ## 讓移動子視窗不會連大視窗一起動 [參考](https://askubuntu.com/questions/972276/how-do-i-move-child-windows-without-moving-or-minimizing-parent-in-gnome-3) ``` $ gsettings set org.gnome.shell.overrides attach-modal-dialogs false $ gsettings set org.gnome.mutter attach-modal-dialogs false ``` ## 避免syslog被discord塞爆參考：[snapcrafters/discord/issue#23](https://github.com/snapcrafters/discord/issues/23) discord有個功能是會顯示你正在玩什麼遊戲or聽什麼音樂，為了這個功能他會每5秒去掃proc 但是snap預設是不會允許這種動作的(掃proc)所以就會吐一堆error進syslog，像這樣(樣本log取自於[這](https://github.com/snapcrafters/discord/issues/23#issuecomment-530962784)) ``` [11016.951629] audit: type=1400 audit(1568315092.037:149127): apparmor="DENIED" operation="ptrace" profile="snap.discord.discord" pid=18216 comm="Discord" requested_mask="read" denied_mask="read" peer="unconfined" [11016.951656] audit: type=1400 audit(1568315092.037:149128): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" profile="snap.discord.discord" name="/proc/2027/cmdline" pid=18216 comm="Discord" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0 [11016.951670] audit: type=1400 audit(1568315092.037:149129): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" profile="snap.discord.discord" name="/proc/2043/cmdline" pid=18216 comm="Discord" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0 [11016.951680] audit: type=1400 audit(1568315092.037:149130): apparmor="DENIED" operation="ptrace" profile="snap.discord.discord" pid=18216 comm="Discord" requested_mask="read" denied_mask="read" peer="unconfined" [11016.951698] audit: type=1400 audit(1568315092.037:149131): apparmor="DENIED" operation="ptrace" profile="snap.discord.discord" pid=18216 comm="Discord" requested_mask="read" denied_mask="read" peer="unconfined" [11016.951722] audit: type=1400 audit(1568315092.037:149132): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" profile="snap.discord.discord" name="/proc/2178/cmdline" pid=18216 comm="Discord" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0 [11016.951731] audit: type=1400 audit(1568315092.037:149133): apparmor="DENIED" operation="ptrace" profile="snap.discord.discord" pid=18216 comm="Discord" requested_mask="read" denied_mask="read" peer="unconfined" [11016.951751] audit: type=1400 audit(1568315092.037:149134): apparmor="DENIED" operation="ptrace" profile="snap.discord.discord" pid=18216 comm="Discord" requested_mask="read" denied_mask="read" peer="unconfined" [11016.951770] audit: type=1400 audit(1568315092.037:149135): apparmor="DENIED" operation="ptrace" profile="snap.discord.discord" pid=18216 comm="Discord" requested_mask="read" denied_mask="read" peer="unconfined" [11016.951790] audit: type=1400 audit(1568315092.037:149136): apparmor="DENIED" operation="ptrace" profile="snap.discord.discord" pid=18216 comm="Discord" requested_mask="read" denied_mask="read" peer="unconfined" ``` **解決方法1:** 允許掃proc ``` $ snap connect discord:system-observe ``` **解決方法2:** 不許proc 1. 編輯設定檔`/var/lib/snapd/apparmor/profiles/snap.discord.discord`, 在最後一個`}`之前加入以下指令 ``` deny /proc/@{pid}/cmdline r, deny ptrace (read), ``` 2. 重新套用(?)設定檔 ``` $ sudo apparmor_parser -r /var/lib/snapd/apparmor/profiles/snap.discord.discord ``` 3. 可能需要重啟discord吧？ >[time=1 Jan 2021] (Happy New Year! 🥳 ) ## 新增swapfile ref: [askubuntu.com](https://askubuntu.com/a/927909), [digitalocean](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-add-swap-space-on-ubuntu-20-04), [linuxize](https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-add-swap-space-on-ubuntu-18-04/) (see [askubuntu.com](https://askubuntu.com/a/927870) on how to *increase* current swapfile) #### Check current available swapfile(s): <pre>malleo@malleo-swift:~$ sudo swapon --show NAME TYPE SIZE USED PRIO /swapfile file 1.3G 0B -2 malleo@malleo-swift:~$ free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 7.7Gi 2.9Gi 2.0Gi 697Mi 2.8Gi 3.8Gi Swap: 1.3Gi 0B 1.3Gi </pre> Only one swapfile `/swapfile` in use, total available swap space is 1.3G. #### Write a new file using `dd`: Don't use `fallocate` because it makes sparse files. `of=/your/new/swapfile`, `count=1K bs=1M` makes a 1GiB file, increase `count` according to how big you want the swapfile to be. <pre>malleo@malleo-swift:~$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile2 count=8K bs=1M 8192+0 records in 8192+0 records out 8589934592 bytes (8.6 GB, 8.0 GiB) copied, 16.8044 s, 511 MB/s </pre> #### Set file permissions: <pre>malleo@malleo-swift:~$ sudo chown root:root /swapfile2 malleo@malleo-swift:~$ sudo chmod 600 /swapfile2 </pre> #### Set up swapfile: <pre>malleo@malleo-swift:~$ sudo mkswap /swapfile2 Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 8 GiB (8589930496 bytes) no label, UUID=8ab992a1-bfe3-4106-a52a-5a15ede20979 </pre> #### Enable swap <pre>malleo@malleo-swift:~$ sudo swapon /swapfile2</pre> #### Make the swap file persistent Append the following line to `/etc/fstab` ``` /swapfile2 swap swap defaults 0 0 ``` #### Check current available swapfile(s) again: <pre>malleo@malleo-swift:~$ sudo swapon --show NAME TYPE SIZE USED PRIO /swapfile file 1.3G 256K -2 /swapfile2 file 8G 0B -3 malleo@malleo-swift:~$ free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 7.7Gi 3.1Gi 174Mi 776Mi 4.4Gi 3.5Gi Swap: 9.3Gi 2.0Mi 9.3Gi </pre> There are now two swapfiles in use, and the total available swap space has increased. > [time=4th Mar, 18:56]