---
# System prepended metadata

title: Cultural Landscape Documentation --- 2023 Summer
tags: [2023-intern]

---

---
tags: 2023-intern
---

## Reading Lists

:::info

THIS IS A TEMPLATE

### {(year published) paper/book/software/website title}

+ Link: {URL/DOI of the paper} 
+ Type (check any that applies)
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other ({add a few words here, if checked})
+ Keywords (at least three Wikidata items, e.g.)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [Penghu Islands](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918799)
    - [panorama](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41363)
+ Summary: {abstract in ~5 sentences or link to a summarization page}
+ Thoughts: {Your thoughts in a few sentences, if any}
+ Edits: {IDs of those who edited this entry. e.g. @trc, @rct; can be more than one persons}

:::

## Books and Journal Special Issues


### + (2023) Routledge Handbook of Cultural Landscape Practice 

+ Link: https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Cultural-Landscape-Practice/Brown-Goetcheus/p/book/9781138703490
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [X] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129474)
    - [case study](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155207)
    - [UNESCO World Heritage Site](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23038978)
+ Summary: 
    + "Cultural landscapes, which in the field of heritage studies and practice relates to caring for and safeguarding heritage landscapes, is a concept embedded in contemporary conservation. Heritage conservation has shifted from an historical focus on buildings, city centres, and archaeological sites to encompass progressively more diverse forms of heritage and increasingly larger geographic areas, embracing both rural and urban landscapes. While the origin of the idea of cultural landscapes can be traced to the late-19th century Euro-American scholarship, it came to global attention after 1992 following its adoption as a category of ‘site’ by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Today, cultural landscape practice has become increasingly complex given the expansion of the values and meanings of heritage, the influence of environmental challenges such as human induced climate change, technological advancements, and the need to better understand and interpret human connections to place and landscapes."
    + "The aim of this handbook is to strike a balance between theory and practice, which we see as inseparable, while also seeking to achieve a geographical spread, disciplinary diversity and perspectives, and a mix of authors from academic, practitioner, management, and community backgrounds."
+ Thoughts: 
    + @trc: A new source of survey-type articles on the practices of cultural landscape. The introduction chapter gives a nice overview. 
    + @trc: I have marked these chapters for reading: 1.1, 1.4, 2.7, 2.9, 3.1, 3.3, 4.9, 4.15, 4.18, 5.1, 5.3.
+ Edits: @trc 

### + (2019)  Allenbrook: Cultural Landscape Report, Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00207-9 
+ Type (check any that applies)
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other ({add a few words here, if checked})
+ Keywords (at least three Wikidata items, e.g.)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [documentation](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790)
    - [National Recreation Area](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132998)
+ Summary: 
    + The second section Existing Conditions provides a comprehensive description of Allenbook site’s cultural landscape features, including cultural and natural resources through the plan view graphics, narrative description, and contemporary photographs; 12 landscape characteristics are identified, including (1) Natural Systems and Features (2) Spatial Organization (3) Land Use (4) Cultural Traditions (5) Cluster Arrangement (6) Circulation (7) Topography (8) Vegetation (9) Buildings and Structures (10) Views and Vistas (11) Small-Scale Features (12) Archeological Sites (see page 65).
+ Thoughts: 
+ Edits: @rct

### + (2019)  Cultural Landscape in Practice: Conservation vs. Emergencies

+ Link: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-11422-0 
+ Type (check any that applies)
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other ({add a few words here, if checked})
+ Keywords (at least three Wikidata items, e.g.)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272)
    - [case study](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155207)
+ Summary: 
    + "[This book] explores issues stemming from the relation between conservation and emergencies, and identifies descriptive tools for conveying knowledge and generating new expertise, heritage skills, seismic culture and social resilience."
    + "The documentation of landscapes, due in part to new technologies, increasingly involves integrated methodologies and graphic outcomes such as Heritage-BIM, advanced 3D modeling, and immersive environments."
+ Thoughts: 
+ Edits: @trc 



### + - (2012) Resilience and the Cultural Landscape: Understanding and Managing Change in Human-Shaped Environments

+ Link: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/resilience-and-the-cultural-landscape/AA58244B01AA058C141E81427E8D62AE
+ Type (check any that applies)
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords (at least three Wikidata items, e.g.)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [socio-ecological system](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7552762)
    - [resilience](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062741)
    - [case study](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155207)
+ Summary: "The 'cultural landscape' and 'resilience' approaches have, until now, largely been viewed as distinct methods for understanding the effects of these dynamics and the ways in which they might be adapted or managed. This book brings together these two perspectives, providing new insights into the social-ecological resilience of cultural landscapes by coming to terms with, and challenging, the concepts of 'driving forces', 'thresholds', 'adaptive cycles' and 'adaptive management'. By linking these research communities, this book develops a new perspective on landscape changes. Based on firm conceptual contributions and rich case studies from Europe, the Americas and Australia, it will appeal to anyone interested in analysing and managing change in human-shaped environments in the context of sustainability."
+ Thoughts: @trc I took a quick look. This collection seems not to offer new insights.
+ Edits: @trc 

###  (2010) Cultural landscapes: A practical guide for park management − Monitor cultural heritage

+ ISBN: 978-1-74232-528-6
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [park management](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969140)
    - [monitoring](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143522)
+ Summary: 
    + This section highlights two types of measuring cultural landscapes: auditing and monitoring. The former one referred to “measuring actions already carried out,” as for the latter one, it is referred to “measuring the effects of actions or of inactions.” Furthermore, comparative analysis can be used for documenting, measuring and assessing landscape-scale change through aerial photos. Another practical method is photography, which takes from the fixed points to observe the change for comparative purposes.
+ Thoughts:
+ Edits: @rct

###  (2006) Travels to the Edge of Darkness: Towards a Typology of “Dark Tourism” 

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080459479
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [dark tourism](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042619)
    - [typology](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27214933)
    - [structure](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6671777)
+ Summary: 
    + Dark tourism is the commodification of death, educational, remembrance, and commemorative activities at large. Examining dark tourism through the lens of supply (production of deathscapes) and demand (tourists) side can help us gain a better understanding of dark tourism. In this article, the author maps out a dark tourism quadrant and identifies four shades of dark tourism, including pale tourism, grey tourism demand, grey tourism supply, and black tourism. Definitions of these four categories are provided below:
        + “Pale tourism — minimal or limited interest in death when visiting sites unintended to be tourist attractions.
        + Grey tourism demand — tourist with a fascination with death visiting unintended dark tourism sites.
        + Grey tourism supply — sites intentionally established to exploit death but attracting visitors with some, but not a dominant, interest in death.
        + Black tourism — in effect, “pure” dark tourism, where a fascination with death is satisfied by the purposeful supply of experiences intended to satisfy this fascination.”
        + ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r15Ec3oqn.jpg) <div style="text-align: right"> (Richard Sharpley, 2006) </div>

    + The following two explanations provided in this article are helpful in understanding the author’s “Shades of grey tourism.” On the supply axis, “the distinction between purposefully constructed attractions or experiences that interpret or recreate events or acts associated with death, and “accidental” sites (that is, those sites, such as churches, graveyards or memorials that have become tourist attractions “by accident”).” As for the demand axis, “the extent which an “interest” in death (to witness the death of others, to dice with death in dangerous places (Pelton 2003), to learn about the death of famous people, etc.) is the dominant reason for visiting dark attractions.”
+ Thoughts:
    - @rct: Speaking of the conservation (landscape ecology system) and raising public awareness of the preservation of Nanshan Public Cemetery. Ever-increasing self-organized activities preserving Nanshan Public Cemetery administered by NGOs in Tainan such as guided tours introducing celebrities’ tombs on the site, should we develop dark tourism which centers on the Cemetery as a means to help us achieve our goals? How do we strategize these activities for the preservation of the Cemetery? Would transforming the Cemetery into a tourist hotspot, and revitalizing sthe local economy through the commodification of death be a robust defense against the Cemetery relocation?
+ Edits: @rct

---

## Articles 

### + (2023) Routledge Handbook of Cultural Landscape Practice: Documenting cultural landscapes 

+ Link: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315203119-25/documenting-cultural-landscapes-liz-sargent
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [documentation](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99194075)
    - [digital cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2756012)
    - [preparation](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19833559)
+ Summary: 
    + This chapter focuses on the preparation work and the mindset that a researcher should have when documenting cultural landscapes. The idea of documenting cultural landscapes is to better understand the community's interaction and the place they live as in the place shaped by this connection is capable of reflecting the cultural use. The author emphasizes that a researcher should focus on physical imprint such as maps, aerial and ground photos, and census data rather than occupants’ social relationships. As for presenting the documentation, a researcher should examine a place from every angle to avoid their own bias and assumptions towards a place, thus, providing a narrative that genuinely reflects locals’ perspective. Consequently, going on a field investigation with an informant or local knowledgeable person is advised. In addition, referencing ethnographic or anthropological research while documenting cultural landscapes is useful in this case.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: This chapter provides a useful guide regarding documenting cultural landscape for researchers who are interested in participating in a field investigation. 
+ Edits: @rct 

### (2022) Immersive landscapes: modelling ecosystem reference conditions in virtual reality

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01313-8
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [virtual reality](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519)
    - [soundscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358257)
    - [ecosystem](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813)
    - [panorama](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41363)
+ Summary: 
    + "We document considerations for designing the immersive virtual landscape, including the creation of animated three-dimensional (3D) plants that alternate between the seasons, and soundscapes that change through the course of a simulated day."
    + "The textured 3D models were then imported into the Unity Engine editing environment and patterned over a virtual terrain of one square kilometre."
    + "The 360-degree video is accessible at https://youtu.be/n_bTonNWqvg."
+ Thoughts: 
    - @trc: Use Unity Engine to compose ecosystem VR landscape/soundscape is interesting!
+ Edits: @trc

### (2022) Virtual Reality and Captured Reality for Cultural Landscape Communication

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-113-2022
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [X] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [intangible cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59544)
    - [VR experience](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106046707)
    - [3D model](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3859833)
+ Summary: 
    + This paper provides three case studies that explore the application and difficulties encountered throughout the reconstruction of cultural heritage in each case study. The authors briefly touch upon the first two case studies and then dives into the third case study, which details the complexity, limitation, and process of reconstructing the replica of the Temple of Valadier. The effort concerns the Temple's reproduction, including its digitized landscape reconstructed in Unreal Engine 4.27, and the soundscape (ambient sound).
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: Given that the landscape is a multi-sensory system, as the authors mentioned, is it possible and necessary to include olfactory and tactile experiences together with optical and acoustic ones to provide a holistic, immersive experience? Regarding the advanced technical skills required for cultural heritage reconstruction, what’s the effort needed to facilitate the reconstruction work? Should we work more closely with the gaming industry (3D modeler, animator), artists ([Peter Wu+](https://epoch.gallery/), etc.), or the architect & engineering industry to facilitate the dissemination and reconstruction of digitized cultural heritage?
+ Edits: @rct 

### (2022) Cemeteries as a Part of Green Infrastructure and Tourism

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052918
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cemetery](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39614)
    - [green space](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22652)
    - [dark tourism](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042619)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors explore the potential of combined use of memorial, recreational, and urban ecosystem space for cemeteries as urban green space. They lay out the different use of public parks and cemeteries by visualizing these differences and overlapping characteristics on a van diagram. A body of literature on cemeteries-tourism research followed by the introduction to the study area where located in Budapest, Hungary. The authors point out eight motivation categories drew from the questionnaire survey in the service of this article. The results show that Hungarian are not yet open to attend activities in cemeteries other than memorial and caring-related activities. The authors indicate that slow transformation regarding the reuse of cemeteries is needed to avoid strong public opposite effect. Besides, the authors further point out that although registered tourism services are often unused by cemeteries visitors from the perspective of touristic use of cemetery, these visitors “still strengthen the tourism service industry by travelling to the site and using other services near the cemetery.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: Balancing the need between regular bereaved visitors and public use (recreational activities) comes to prominence, especially on the general public and cemetery managers’ attitude toward the different use of cemeteries. With this in mind, integrating artistic components through art intervention which centers on the memorial purpose to enhance the aesthetic value of the site and caring cemetery visitors’ need could be explored.
+ Edits: @rct 

### (2022) User-generated data in cultural mapping: Analyzing google point of interest reviews in dublin

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-4-2022-107-2022
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [artificial intelligence](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660)
    - [point of interest](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q960648)
    - [text mining](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676880)
    - [cultural diversity](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors use artificial intelligence and text analytics to highlight the potential application of spatial user-generated (Google POI) data in cultural mapping followed by the discussion of the potential challenges in using user-generated data in urban and cultural studies.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct 

### + (2022) Comparing Top-Down and Bottom- Up Approaches. Maps of Cultural Landscape Digitisation Processes

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.3280/oa-832-c184
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [open data](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309901)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [OpenStreetMap](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q936)
    - [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2013)
+ Summary: 
    + “The paper first analyses the top-down and bottom-up digitisation processes, the data produced, and finally suggests a collection of maps of the features collected within the regional catalogues, the open databases and the local initiatives. Furthermore, the study deepens the collaborations among these practices and the links among the ICTs with the aim to learn the possible connections and benefits for the local communities.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: This article demonstrates a practical use of open data such as Wikidata and Open Street Map (OSM).
+ Edits: @rct

### + (2022) Creative Experiences for Engaging Communities with Cultural Heritage through Place-based Narratives

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1145/3479007
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [narrative](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295)
    - [augmented reality](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183)
    - [community](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177634)
+ Summary: 
    + This paper “demonstrates the potential of the synergy between creative and digital approaches for enabling meaningful engagement with the cultural heritage while improving the well-being of the participants as well as their sense of community and place.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: This project can be tailored to the community needs or acdemic setting in the service of education-oriented acitivities.
+ Edits: @rct

### (2022) Wiki Loves Monuments: Crowdsourcing the Collective Image of the Worldwide Built Heritage

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1145/3569092
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [Wiki Loves Monuments](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353202)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [neural network model](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110404576)
+ Summary: 
    + This paper provides “an extensive analysis of the Wiki Loves Monuments,” then “explore[s] the geographical, temporal, and topical dimensions across the 2010–2021 editions” by adopting “a set of CNN-based artificial systems that allow the learning of deep scene features for various scene recognition tasks, exploring cross-country (dis)similarities.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: Wiki Loves Monuments seems a successful annual photographic competition since 2010, encouraging users to visit and take pictures of heritage sites in their region and then upload them to Wikimedia Commons. With that in mind, what events or practices we could employ to encourage more public use of *[depositor](https://data.depositar.io/en/)*?
+ Edits: @rct

### (2022) Tangibles, intangibles and other tensions in the Culture and Communities Mapping Project

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1080/09548963.2021.1910491
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural mapping](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5193387)
    - [participatory mapping](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106397039)
    - [collective memory](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254217)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4989906)
+ Summary: 
    + This paper details the methodological paths that cultural mapping would use as in collecting both qualitative and quantitative data. The authors provide an in-depth case study and argue that intangible data is not always qualitative but can be quantitative. Besides, the authors reveal the benefits of adopting cultural maps in facilitating interactions with local communities and research about places and people. 
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct

### (2021) National Monument Audit

+ Link: https://monumentlab.com/audit#data
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [QGIS](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329181)
    - [collective memory](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254217)
    - [monument](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4989906)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4989906)
+ Summary: 
    + I. Monuments have always changed
II. The monument landscape is overwhelmingly white and male
III. The most common features of American monuments reflect war and conquest
IV. The story of the united states as told by our current monuments misrepresents our history
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: This report provides a relatively comprehensive lists of monuments across the United States, showing that the monument landscape is ingrained in the society reflecting the public memory and cultural landscape. For interested readers, see [National Monument Audit: Methodology and Technical Documentation](https://monumentlab.github.io/national-monument-audit/app/docs.html#metadata).
+ Edits: @rct

### (2021) Virtual cultural landscapes: Geospatial visualizations of past environments

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1830
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [X] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [X] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [coastal landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111292798)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [remote sensing](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687)
+ Summary: 
    + “Our study examines landscape reconstruction and archaeological site classifications from a phenomenological and human behavioural ecology (HBE) perspective.”
    + “HBE aims to reconstruct how humans interacted with these places as part of their active and passive decision making.”
    + “Through temporal reconstructions, archaeologists and others can experience and interpret past landscapes and subtle changes in cultural land- and seascapes.”
    + The authors make the case for the mutual reinforcement between HBE and phenomenology.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct 

### + (2021) Cemeteries as public urban green space: Management, funding and form

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127078
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [X] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [green space](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22652)
    - [cemetery](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39614)
    - [recreation](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184872)
+ Summary: 
    + The author compares and contrasts then concludes two case studies in the United States and European contexts, respectively, by conducting semi-structured interviews. This paper shows that funding plays a vital role in cemetery management, public programming, and things going on in this case. The author believes that the combination of culture, gravesites, history, and nature makes cemeteries unique thus different from normal urban green spaces in general. With that in mind, the author’s and public opinion’s attitude toward cemetery’s recreational use is positive.
+ Thoughts:
+ Edits: @rct

### + (2021) The Future of Urban Cemeteries as Public Spaces: Insights from Oslo and Copenhagen

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2021.1993973
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [X] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [public space](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294440)
    - [cemetery](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39614)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129474)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors propose a four-dimensional analytic framework, which includes liminal, spiritual, multicultural and multifunctional spaces. In short, liminal space referred to “spaces where different worlds interweave.”  On top of that, the author points out that “[c]emeteries’ liminality lies not only in their spatial character but also in their ability to accommodate complex meanings.” As for spiritual space, it referred to the concept of “[t]he presence of death brings spirituality, which we understand as “the search for the sacred, into a physical space.” As for the third dimension, multicultural space, the author champion the point that “cemeteries can stimulate intercultural contacts and bridge differences by sharing compassion.” The last dimension, multifunctional space, it is referred to the idea that “[p]ublic spaces are functionally programmed for particular types of activities and behaviours, but the range of activities differ.” The authors conclude this paper with the findings which “demonstrate the potential of cemeteries’ contribution to the urban environment as multifunctional public spaces – the trajectory envisioned by the two municipalities.” The authors expect that “[b]ased on the empirical material, we expect the cemeteries in these cities to maintain their spiritual dimension while becoming less liminal, more multifunctional and more multicultural. Over time, their role could become more diversified.”
+ Thoughts:
    - @rct This could be a useful framework to analyze the cemeteries in urban and rural areas in Taiwan.
+ Edits: @rct

### + (2021) Transformative Conservation in Social-Ecological Systems

+ Link: https://resilientlandscapes.files.wordpress.com/2020/05/cem-2020-transformative-conservation.pdf
+ Type (check any that applies)
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other
+ Keywords (at least three Wikidata items, e.g.)
    - [conservation](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628403)
    - [socio-ecological system](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7552762)
    - [resilience](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062741)
+ Summary: "This discussion paper explores how the transformation of ecosystems profoundly threatens nature and human well-being, while providing equally powerful opportunities to restructure and improve how we live in the world. It aims to stimulate dialogue at the 2020 World Conservation Congress about the depth, breadth, and pace of work needed for transformative conservation (TC) – conserving biodiversity while justly transitioning to net negative emissions economies and securing the sustainable and regenerative use of natural resources."
+ Thoughts: 
+ Edits: @trc 



### + (2021) Symbolic ethnicity, cultural and linguistic landscape: remnants of ‘Little Europe’ in the Valcanale (Northeast Italy)

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2021.1894109
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [X] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [linguistic landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554052)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [symbolic ethnicity](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149518)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors attempt to highlight the “combined analysis of cultural landscape, linguistic landscape (LL) and symbolic ethnicity provides a new concept to examine multilingual regions.” Besides, the authors point out that “the region's autochthonous heritage and ethnolinguistic specificity are publicly discernible in the linguistic and cultural landscape.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct

### (2020) A web repository for geo-located 3D digital cultural heritage models

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2020.e00139
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [3D model](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3859833)
    - [conservation](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217102)
    - [repository](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145117)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors attempt to “report a new methodology and a web repository to integrate maps, 3D models, and geospatial data such as geolocation,” thus, helping “cultural heritage organizations and cultural heritage professionals facilitate the rapid development of web repositories for geo-located 3D digital cultural heritage models.” On top of that, the authors point out that this methodology can be used for other domains such as archaeology, engineering, and geographic information systems (GIS).
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: Promoting a rich 3D cultural heritage web depository can facilitate future research on cultural heritage, heritage management, and conservation. It can also contribute to job creation in the cultural preservation industry by employing relevant experts and 3D modelers.
+ Edits: @rct

### + (2020) A digital information system for cultural landscapes: the case of Slender West Lake scenic area in Yangzhou, China 

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43238-020-00004-8
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [geographic information system](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130)
    - [digital cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2756012)
    - [China](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors trace the UNESCO’s initiative on the preservation of cultural landscapes back to 1992 and their effort on conservation since then. With the advent of technology, the preservation for cultural heritage through the employment of digital tools has gained prominence, such as the five themes of the research and practices of cultural heritage identified by the authors. Despite the wide variety of digital tools, they’re mostly used to reconstruct tangible cultural heritage, thus leaving intangible ones behind. In addition, the authors realize the three major components that a digital information system used for preserving cultural landscapes should reflect (1) the character of cultural landscape (2) historical aspect of the landscape, and (3) highlight the intangible dimension of cultural landscapes. As a result, the authors design a geo-database in ArcGIS 10.1 environment for the purpose of the conservation and management of cultural landscape sites focusing on integrating both tangible and intangible cultural assets, and “identify the implications for both conservation methods and technology development” through the case study of Slender West Lake scenic area in China. As for intangible cultural heritage components that reflect the historical aspect, it should be noted that the artwork depicting Slender West Lake is included in the case study.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: This paper explores the application of geographic information systems in presenting both tangible and intangible components of cultural landscapes. Despite the project being used for depicting natural landscapes, the framework and the workflow can also be used for heritage projects in the urban context. 
+ Edits: @rct 

### (2020) Detection of Disaster-Affected Cultural Heritage Sites from Social Media Images Using Deep Learning Techniques 

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1145/3383314
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [convolutional neural network](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460)
    - [cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272)
    - [social media](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833)
+ Summary: 
    + This paper employs convolutional neural network to identify disaster-affected cultural heritage site from the images and web on social media. Admittedly, there is still room for automatic classification, the authors point out that the manual effort on identifying damaged cultural heritage can be reduced tremendously.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: This paper can contribute to cultural heritage management to some extent. 
+ Edits: @rct 

### (2019) Fragile Cultural Landscapes: A Regenerating Case Study in East Veneto

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11422-0_1
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [digital cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2756012)
    - [Itatly](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38)
+ Summary: 
    + This chapter probes into the  preservation and promotion of cultural landscape in the European context by looking into the reclamation landscape in the East Veneto region. The case study includes Alpinescapes which is a web platform that “[l]inks data from traditional Geographic Information Science repositories to Wikipedia and from local Public Institutions geo-databases to the crowdsourced planetary database of OpenStreetMap. . .”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: This chapter showcases the practical integration of OpenStreetMap and Wikipedia into the practice of sharing and accessing the place’s experience. As for launching a web-based participatory project involving the general public, what limitations would impede the users from actively engaging in the project? For instance, not everyone is tech-savvy and familiar with editing web-based maps. Should we work on educating the public about how to edit web-based maps using OpenStreetMap, such as holding regular workshops? Is there any practice that would make the participatory project sustainable through civic engagement? 
+ Edits: @rct 

### (2019) Metadata and Semantic Research: Enriching Wikidata with Cultural Heritage Data from the COURAGE Project

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36599-8_37
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2013)
    - [linked data](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515701)
    - [cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272)
+ Summary: 
    + “This paper presents our work regarding detecting and extending links between Wikidata and COURAGE entities with respect to cultural heritage data.”
    + “it is shown how it was possible to enrich the data in Wikidata and to establish new, bi-directional connections between COURAGE and Wikidata.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @ 
+ Edits: @rct

### (2019) The Historic Urban Landscape approach to urban management: a systematic review

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2018.1552615
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [historic urban landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119985271)
    - [systematic review](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425)
    - [conservation](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217102)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors point out that the gap between theory and practice remains in historic urban landscape value-based approach domain given that academic discussion heavily focuses more on conceptualization framework than operationalization. Besides, given that “the HUL is driven by UNESCO, it is sometimes considered as imposed by international bodies and disregarding the specificities of the local context.” According to the authors, the value-based approach “was an attempt to move the World Heritage concept beyond Western thinking and value systems in the heritage discourse to address different contexts and cultures in Asian, African, and South American countries.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct

### (2019) Mapping historic urban landscape values through social media

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.10.002
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [social media](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833)
    - [user-generated content](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579716)
    - [historic urban landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119985271)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors argue that analyzing social media metadata is capable of complementing traditional survey method when it comes to characterizing historic urban landscape and the heritage significance. With that in mind, the highlights of this paper include:	
        + “The analysis visualizes convergence and divergence between locals’ and tourists’ preferences” on urban cultural heritage.
        -	Experts and users use different characterization languages to define heritage.
        -	“Locals’ heritage concerns go beyond the historic age values to include daily-life practices.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: Using user-generated tags to characterize cultural heritage is interesting. For interested readers, the authors put up a table, “Summary of the implication of case studies that used web services data for cultural heritage,” in this paper. 
+ Edits: @rct

### (2018) A Review of Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM)

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020021
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [X] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [Heritage Building Information Modelling](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57569225)
    - [cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272)
    - [3D modeling](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568742)
+ Summary: 
    + The cultural landscape includes intangible and tangible cultural assets. This paper focuses on the practices that use Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM) for the conservation, dissemination, protection, and restoration of tangible cultural heritage. The authors conduct a holistic review of existing literature and divide these papers into four categories according to the 3D modeling tools used in each paper. The authors introduce approaches related to construction information models followed by their limitations, given that some of the BIM platforms are not suitable for reconstructing irregular surfaces and uncertain shapes of tangible cultural assets. The authors point out that there are limitations stand in our way to better use of H-BIM, including the lack of international H-BIM libraries, few plug-ins that can complement the shortcomings of H-BIM, and the absence of a “universal and free-access H-BIM library containing all the information that is useful for architects, designers, archaeologists, historians, engineers, and conservators of architectural heritage.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: The authors’ effort in identifying and categorizing the approaches used for the conservation, restoration, and dissemination of cultural heritage should be applauded as it served as a reference for people who attempt to understand the application of 3D modeling tools in reconstructing cultural heritage. 
+ Edits: @rct 

### (2018) Visual Landscape Quality Assessment in Historical Cultural Landscape Areas

+ Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2018.v7n3p287-300
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [multiple regression](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15898391)
    - [historic urban landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119985271)
    - [assessment](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P5021)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors use psychophysical approach which attempts to determine the relationship between perceptual judgements of the observers and the physical characteristics of the landscape from the result of the rating on 24 study areas provided by an expert group. An expert group of 15 people, from landscape architects to urban designers evaluated photos and Powerpoint presentations of 24 study areas in Turkey. The group then rated from 1 to 5 based on 14 parameters.
+ Thoughts:
+ Edits: @rct

### (2018) A Survey of Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality for Cultural Heritage 

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1145/3145534
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [X] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [augmented reality](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183)
    - [virtual reality](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519)
    - [mixed reality](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389)
    - [digital cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2756012)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors conduct a number of surveys on emerging technologies, followed by a review of these technologies, which include augmented-, virtual, and mixed-reality systems. The authors identify and suggest the most appropriate technology to be used in each specific application for exploring cultural heritage. Finally, they indicate the implication of emerging technologies in the cultural heritage field. There are five cultural heritage application scenarios: education, exhibition enhancement, exploration, reconstruction, and virtual museums. The authors conclude that AR is suitable for exhibition enhancement, VR for virtual museums, and MR for indoor and outdoor reconstruction applications.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct : Reviewing this paper with another paper, A Review of Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM), would be very helpful for researchers who attempt to better understand how emerging technologies are used in the cultural heritage domain. 
+ Edits: @rct 

### (2018) Blended Learning in Heritage Conservation Course: Cultural Mapping and Google My-Maps Platform 

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.45.2.181-188
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [blended learning](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869010)
    - [Google My Maps](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19878511)
    - [mixed reality](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389)
    - [cultural mapping](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5193387)
+ Summary: 
    + This paper evaluates the effectiveness of Heritage Conservation course which uses cultural mapping and Google My Map as learning tools by referring to the change in student attendance and grades (in letter). The authors point out that cultural mapping as a tool allows students to appreciate both tangible and intangible heritage.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: Is there any other unobserved factors or unstated factors give rise to the increase in student attendance and grade? 
+ Edits: @rct

### (2018) Feasibility of the Space–Time Cube in Temporal Cultural Landscape Visualization 

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7060209
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [visual analytics](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528440)
    - [spatiotemporal visualization](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120022951)
+ Summary: 
    + This paper investigates “to what degree the space–time cube is a feasible tool for cultural heritage visualization.” The authors propose “a workflow for assessing the feasibility of the space–time cube concept in landscape representation.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: Basically, the authors propose a way to showcase the change of cultural heritage over time, presenting in space–time cube (Figure 5) instead slider–based (Figure 4) method which is more familiar by the public, and focusing on user-friendly design. 
+ Edits: @rct

### (2017) Crossing Boundaries: Linking Intangible Heritage, Cultural Landscapes, and Identity 

+ Link: https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/1814/
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [intangible heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110320060)
    - [cultural identity](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368367)
+ Summary: 
    + “This paper looks into the intangible heritage of some cultural landscapes inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List, showing the deep-seated connection between people's identities and traditions that are found in heritage sites.” Which shows that “intangible heritage as a concept intertwined with cultural heritage, which has moved away from monumental expressions of architecture to people-oriented expressions.” This paper also “highlights that cultural identity is central to the discourse of heritage, both in its tangible and intangible forms.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: For interested readers, see the definition of intangible cultural heritage and Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.
+ Edits: @rct 

### (2017) Long-term patterns of change in a vanishing cultural landscape: A GIS-based assessment 

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.11.008
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [land-use change](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116266534)
    - [Europe](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46)
+ Summary: 
    + “This work aims to analyse the land use and landscape structure changes occurred in a Mediterranean landscape by analysing historical maps and infer the underlying processes that contribute to the pattern of change.” First, “carried out a comparative examination of three historical image datasets.” Second, “analysed the relationships between the detected land-use transformations and topographic parameters.” Finally, “determined the landscape structure change patterns through the use of GIS-based landscape metrics.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: What other cultural practices that tied to locals are yet identified by the authors in this paper?
+ Edits: @rct

### + (2016) Soundscape, Cultural Landscape and Sustainability: an Architectural Knowledge Systems Approach

+ Link: https://hal.science/hal-01414150/
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [X] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [urban environment](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30443872)
    - [soundscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358257)
    - [sustainability](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416)
+ Summary: 
    + As we know that cultural landscape includes both tangible and intangible heritage cultural heritage. In this paper, the authors maintain that soundscape is an intangible cultural heritage in the case of Burhanpur urban cultural landscape, even, there is a strong connection between soundscape and cultural landscape as in soundscape conservation contributes to creating a sense of identity and belonging for locals and is conducive to soundscape tourism.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: If soundscape can be counted as intangible cultural heritage in the cultural landscape domain, is it also the case for linguistic landscape or ethnic landscape?
+ Edits: @rct

### (2016) Continental-scale quantification of landscape values using social media data

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614158113
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [social media](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833)
    - [quantification](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109918361)
    - [spatial analysis](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983)
+ Summary: 
    + We evaluate the usefulness of different social media platforms—Panoramio, Flickr, and Instagram—and quantify landscape values at a continental scale,” of which Instagram is the most suitable one given its large population of users and its functional ability such as hashtags.
    + Given the authors found that “variables describing accessibility, population density, income, mountainous terrain, or proximity to water explained a significant portion of observed variation across data from the different platforms.” They arrive at the conclusion that “social media data can be used to extend our understanding of how and where individuals ascribe value to landscapes across diverse social, political, and ecological boundaries.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct 

### (2015) Tooteko: A Case Study of Augmented Reality for An Accessible Cultural Heritage. Digitization, 3d Printing and Sensors for An Audio-Tactile Experience

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-5-W4-207-2015
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [augmented reality](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183)
    - [tactile technology](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60752621)
    - [cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272)
    - [person with visual disabilities](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16649002)
    - [3D printing](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367)
+ Summary: 
    + “Tooteko is a smart ring that allows to navigate any 3D surface with your finger tips and get in return an audio content that is relevant in relation to the part of the surface you are touching in that moment.” Tooteko aims to “. . . make traditional art venues accessible to the blind, while providing support to the reading of the work for all through the recovery of the tactile dimension in order to facilitate the experience of contact with art that is not only ‘under glass.’”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: Tooteki can be seen as a tool in the service of visually impaired people regarding exploring cultural landscape. This paper addresses the immersive experience in the context of the digitized cultural landscape’s social impact. How does the dissemination of digitized cultural landscapes contribute to social equity? Who is the target audience besides researchers/scholars? What’s the next step to take the digitized cultural landscape further?
+ Edits: @rct

### (2013) Cultural Mapping: Intangible Values and Engaging with Communities with Some Reference to Asia

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1179/1756750513Z.00000000024
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [X] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural mapping](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5193387)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [Asia](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48)
+ Summary: 
    + This paper recognizes the importance of cultural mapping as a tool as in “how mapping can be a tool to help local communities have their voice heard through their involvement in the mapping process.” Two case studies provided in this paper look into the role of cultural mapping in Nepal and Thailand, respectively.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct

### + (2013)  A Cultural Landscape Information System developed with Open Source Tools

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-W1-73-2013
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [public engagement](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257735)
    - [open source](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39162)
    - [information system](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors introduce a cultural landscape information system −KuLIS− which developed by the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany in 2001. KuLIS’s collaborative approach consist of governing authorities stewardship of data, and public participation acquiring data. The circulation of cultural heritage information is conducive to tourism and strengthening regional identification.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: KuLIS is available: https://www.kleks.app/
+ Edits: @rct

### (2013) GDOM: An Immersive Experience of Intangible Heritage through Spatial Storytelling

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1145/3498329
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [storytelling](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989963)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [intangible cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84036549)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors “present the design, development, and evaluation of GDOM (Geelong Digital Outdoor Museum) application that integrates intangible heritage stories into places of public significance through a 3D virtual immersive environment.” The values of the GDOM platform include: “(1) connecting the visitors and inhabitants of the city with the local heritage, anytime and anywhere, easily accessible through a web-browser, outside the confined boundaries of a museum, (2) provides a platform which revives the disappearing memories of the city as experienced by the local people, creating strong connections between people and places, and (3) provides an extensible and flexible digital storytelling platform, for heritage professionals, content creators and the community, to engage in participatory creation of similar virtual heritage exhibitions.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct

### (2013) Understanding visitor's motivation at sites of death and disaster: the case of former transit camp Westerbork, the Netherlands

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1145/3498329
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [dark tourism](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042619)
    - [motivation](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644302)
    - [Netherlands](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55?wprov=srpw1_1)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors explore visitors’ motivations to a former transit camp in the Netherlands given that dark tourism study usually focuses on the characteristics of sites associated with death and suffering. The findings group the visitors’ motivation which collected from 238 random selected visitors into five categories, including:
        + 1) self-understanding (I want to commemorate the victims and other four variables)
        + 2) curiosity (to see expositions/evidences/ Artefacts and other three variables)
        + 3) conscience (I feel responsible for the coming generations and other three variables)
        + 4) a “must see” place (this is the place where it really happened and another variable)
        + 5) exclusiveness (I need to see it to believe that something can happen and other two variables).
    + Given that dark tourism is behavioral phenomenon, presence of tourists at dark sites does not make them dark tourists. Visitors’ motivation plays an equally significant role in defining dark tourism.

+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct

### (2012) Characterizing Urban Landscapes using Geolocated Tweets

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1109/SocialCom-PASSAT.2012.19
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [ecological resilience](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105196)
    - [environmental resource management](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors identify four potential benefits of integrating knowledge on resilience and cultural landscapes.
        -	“Firstly, a combined approach may improve understanding of the underlying processes that put many ingenious cultural landscapes under pressure.
        -	“Secondly, links between resilience and cultural landscapes may help recapture landscapes as the primary carriers of social values, which are place based and contextual.”
        -	“Thirdly, an integrated approach may be able to cope with the heavy normative weight of landscape conservation or loss.”
        -	“Finally, the approach may inform landscape policies, for which purposeful action and rigorous science are clearly needed.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct

### + (2012)  Resilience and the Cultural Landscape: Connecting cultural landscapes to resilience

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139107778.003
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [user-generated content](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579716)
    - [social media](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833)
    - [self-organizing map](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136838)
    - [urban landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29969011)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors identify four potential benefits of integrating knowledge on resilience and cultural landscapes.
    -	“Firstly, a combined approach may improve understanding of the underlying processes that put many ingenious cultural landscapes under pressure.
    -	“Secondly, links between resilience and cultural landscapes may help recapture landscapes as the primary carriers of social values, which are place based and contextual.”
    -	“Thirdly, an integrated approach may be able to cope with the heavy normative weight of landscape conservation or loss.”
    -	“Finally, the approach may inform landscape policies, for which purposeful action and rigorous science are clearly needed.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: The authors use an unconventional method to hypothesize potential land use depending on geolocated tweets. However, policymakers should be mindful when using the results produced by this paper. It seems promising to collect real-time information than conventional methods such as direct observation, questionnaires, and satellite imagery in the service of land use policy-making. Admittedly, the authors claim upfront that using geolocated tweets served as a complementary source of information for urban planning areas. However, Manhattan (NYC) is a tourism hotspot, the tweeting activity used in this paper does not include personal details or the content of the tweets. As we know that activities are heavily affected by land use patterns. Consequently, zoning modification based on the method, at best, can reflect both tourists and locals. At worse, tourists' needs are privileged over locals’. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that the authors do contribute to the urban planning propelled by their refreshing thinking.
+ Edits: @rct 

### + (2011)  Cultural landscapes: a bridge between culture and nature?

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2011.618246
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129474)
    - [protected area](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473972)
    - [Asia](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48)
+ Summary: 
    + There are lots of good points lined up in this paper. First, the way we think of nature and cultural heritage are separated is affected by the hegemony of Western values, World Heritage criteria. Second, “[r]ecognition of a cultural place as a World Heritage site can intentionally or unintentionally marginalize certain groups.” Third, debate about cultural values in Asia context revolves around simply listing main temple in World Heritage list instead taking the cultural connections between the temple and the surround countryside as they are also cultural significance.  Fourth, there are amounts of cultural landscapes that are not officially protected but by communities in the Asia-Pacific region though these community-based cultural landscapes have been seen as having inherently national and regional values rather than universal values.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct

### + (2010) Linking Ecosystem Services with Cultural Landscape Research

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.19.4.9
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [X] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [ecosystem services](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865)
    - [ecosystem management](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333882)
    - [interdisciplinarity](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors maintain that “cultural landscape research approaches have proven valuable in the assessment of different nonmaterial landscape values and cultural services.” The authors further argue that “[c]ultural landscape research can advance the assessment and appreciation of cultural ecosystem services.” They believe that synergies could be achieved by integrating cultural landscape research into ecosystem services assessment.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: This paper makes a case for the importance of cultural landscape research in assessing ecosystem services. As a side note, according to the United Nations, [ecosystem services](https://www.fao.org/ecosystem-services-biodiversity/en/#:~:text=Ecosystem%20services%20make%20human%20life,recreational%2C%20cultural%20and%20spiritual%20benefits.) are defined as “the multitude of benefits that nature provides to society,” including provision services, regulating services, supporting services, and cultural services.
+ Edits: @rct

### + (2010) Movie Tourism—A New Form of Cultural Landscape?

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400802092650
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [tourism](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389)
    - [movie](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11424)
    - [place identity](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13417202)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors try to make sense of new cultural landscape in the context of movie tourism. Take The Da Vinci Code. They compare the UNESCO’s definition of three types of cultural landscape to the three components of the movie and make the case for other movies to explore the new cultural landscape made possible by movie tourism.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: It is a very interesting piece to read. Interdisciplinary thinking of the connotation of cultural landscape allows us to explore its concept from different perspectives, thus, providing an opportunity to elevate the cultural landscape’s role in different fields.
+ Edits: @rct

### + (2009) Local participation in cultural landscape maintenance: Lessons from Sweden

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.01.005
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [X] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [landscape management](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1803794)
    - [local community](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490933)
+ Summary: 
    + The findings show that “trust and respect, structures for local influence, common understanding, market potentials, time and money” are vital ingredients in a participatory approach by reviewing two case studies in the community involvement in Southern Öland and Mälarhagar, respectively.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct


### (2008) Urban Cultural Landscapes & the Spirit of Place 

+ Link: https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/67
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [X] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [urban environment](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30443872)
    - [spirit of place](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30317892)
+ Summary: 
    + The author points out that historic urban landscape (HUL) and urban cultural landscape are interchangeable terms, stating that cultural landscape is a vessel of spirit of place. In addition, the author firmly believes that heritage values are “directly linked to spirit of place in the landscape because it is from the landscape that the original canvas of urban form springs.” It is insufficient to examine the urban cultural landscape from its face value. Take Dubai and Bilbao. We oftentimes oversimplify urban landscapes as iconic “starchitecture.” Consequently, the author mentions four  category of tools that used for managing urban heritage that address the preservation of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage, including Educational & Community Involvement Tools, Financial Tools, Advisory Tools, and Regulatory Tools.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: As a side note, “‘spirit of place’ has a mostly secular meaning that refers to the distinctive identity of somewhere.” For interested readers, see *[Spirit of Place and Sense of Place in Virtual Realities](http://www.geog.utoronto.ca/info/faculty/Relph.htm)*.
+ Edits: @rct


### (2008) Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention 

+ Link: https://whc.unesco.org/archive/opguide08-en.pdf#annex3
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [guideline](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279)
    - [UNESCO](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7809)
    - [cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272)
+ Summary: 
    + As an established agency of the United Nations (UN), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) lays out the definition of cultural landscape and identifies three categories, of which including “landscape designed and created intentionally by man,” “organically evolved landscape,” and “associate cultural landscape” in the operational guidelines.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: Having a clear understanding of the definition and terminology associated with cultural landscape allows researchers to better navigate themselves throughout the cultural landscape research process. 
+ Edits: @rct

### (2007) Modelling Land-Use Change: Driving Forces of Land-Use Change in a Cultural Landscape of Spain 

+ Link: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-5648-2_6
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [land-use change](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116266534)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [Europe](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46)
+ Summary: 
    + “The aim of this chapter is to examine the processes of change in land cover and land use over the last 44 years, at regional scale, in a traditional, rural south-eastern Spanish catchment.” Analyzing “aerial photography for the Marina Baixa catchment” shows that “significant decline in traditional agriculture and conversion to forestry or intensive croplands.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @ 
+ Edits: @rct

### (2006) A Dark Tourism Spectrum: Towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions 

+ Link: http://etem.aegean.gr/index.php/en/etem-en/publications/tourismos-journal
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [dark tourism](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042619)
    - [typology](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27214933)
    - [vendor](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621)
+ Summary: 
    + The author indicates that a comprehensive typological foundation will lead us to a better understanding of the dark tourism supply. A dark tourism spectrum comprises seven typologies, thus provided in this article. He attempts to map out a framework to compare “shades of darkness” among various dark sites in the context of dark tourism from their product features, characteristics, and perceptions. However, he points out that the spectrum is fluid and dynamic given that “manipulation of ‘dark heritage’ for political purposes or the selective interpretation of particular events, may cause ‘shifts’ in how a product is both supplied and perceived by the consumer, and as a result may cause suppliers to ‘move’ and ‘slide’ along the Dark Tourism Spectrum, from darker to lighter, and vice versa.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: The following table compiled by @rct is based on the typological framework provided in this article.




|     | Dark Fun Factories | Dark Exhibitions | Dark Dungeons | Dark Resting Places | Dark Shrines | Dark Conflict Sites | Dark Camps of Genocide ||
| --- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ------------- | ------------------- | ------------ | ------------------- | ---------------------- | ---- |
|         Examples         |  • London Dungeon <br/> • Black Death <br/> • Jack the Ripper <br/> • Dracula Park |<br/> • Smithsonian Museum of American History (911) <br/> • Catacombe dei Cappucini (health education, anatomy and physiology)|<br/> • Galleries of Justic <br/> • Bodmin Jail Centre <br/> • Old Melbourne Gaol | <br/> <br/> • Père-Lachaise <br/> • Weaste Cemetery in Salford UK | Diana’s interment at Althorp House |<br/> • Battle of Bosworth Reenactment Weekend in the UK <br/> • Western Front Battlefield Tours <br/> • Battle of Guadalcanal |• Rwanda <br/> • Cambodia <br/> • Kosovo |
|         Characteristics         | #entertainment #commercial | #educative #commemorative #conservational | #entertainment #educative #commercial | #history-centric #conservation #commemorative | #remembrance #respect | #educative #commemorative #commemorative | #educative #commemorative |
|         Presentation         | real or fictional death and macabre events | blend the product design to reflect education and potential learning opportunities | bygone penal and justice codes to the present day consumer | conserve the structural integrity of landscape and architecture, and sustain the ecology of local environments |   | real-life battle re-enactments lighter end of the ‘dark tourism spectrum’. This is often manifested through real-life battle re-enactments | darkest edges of the ‘dark tourism spectrum|
|         Product traits         | high degree of tourism infrastructure | a degree of tourism infrastructure and some commercial focus | high degree of commercialism and tourism infrastructure | serenity and the opportunity to both commemorate and pay respects to the deceased | very little tourism infrastructure (note. notes the advent of a formal tourism infrastructure beginning to evolve as the events of September 11 become chronologically distance) | becoming more commercialized and as a result have an increasing tourism infrastructure | high degree of political ideology attached to them |
|         Authenticity         | less authentic | located away from the actual site of death or macabre event (less authentic?) |  |  | are often constructed, formally or informally, very close to the site of death and within a very short time period of the death occurring |  | located at the actual site of the death-event (more authentic?) |





+ Edits: @rct

### (2005) Using GIS to analyse long-term cultural landscape change in Southern Germany

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.10.008
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [scientific model](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193946)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [geographic information science](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3537694)
    - [landscape change](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116059370)
+ Summary: 
    + The authors develop “appropriate techniques for quantifying and analysing the landscape change since 1850” in Southern Germany. The methods used in this paper are built on geographical landscape change analysis. Besides, “[t]his study emphasizes that an approach based on a land plot level and using a land record-based GIS provides valuable results relevant for planning processes and nature conservation in changing cultural landscapes.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: What would be the case for presenting the results of cultural landscape change via virtual-, augmented-, and mixed reality? In doing so, how would it contribute to the cultural landscape research domain?
+ Edits: @rct

### (2005) Historic American Landscapes Survey Guidelines for Historical Reports

+ Link: https://www.nps.gov/hdp/standards/HALS/HALS-101-brochure_508.pdf
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords
    - [guideline](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279)
    - [documentation](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129474)
+ Summary:
    + “The primary goal of the HALS program is to provide a lasting record of landscapes that reflect the types, periods, and patterns of landscape development indicative of our varied American culture.”
    + “HALS records may aid in preparing National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmark nominations that offer protection through federal, state, and local government regulations, and for Cultural Landscape Reports (CLRs).”
    + Historic American Landscapes Survey Guidelines for Historical Reports together with [Historic American Landscapes Survey Guidelines for Drawings](https://www.nps.gov/hdp/standards/HALS/HALSDrawingsGuidelines.pdf) and [HABS/HAER/HALS Photography Guidelines](https://www.nps.gov/hdp/standards/PhotoGuidelines.pdf), these three documents “provide a comprehensive set of standards for generating existing-conditions documentation for both cultural and designed landscapes.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: The photography guidelines layouts the general information about recommended paper-based and digital-oriented documenting methods and equipment. The drawing guidelines focus on documenting geospatial attributes of a certain site.
+ Edits: @rct 

### (2003) Stories Remote Sensing Images Can Tell: Integrating Remote Sensing Analysis With Ethnographic Research in the Study of Cultural Landscapes

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023980713048
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [remote sensing](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [culture change](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5193493)
    - [ethnography](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132151)
+ Summary: 
    + This article examines the ways in which of the potential of remote sensing contributes to the cultural change and human perceptions in the context cultural landscape research. The author analyzes the landscape change by comparing and analyzing three satellite images of the study site in the past three decades. The author points out that the observation of physical landscape change combined with ethnographic interview can help us gain a comprehensive understanding of cultural landscapes shaped by nature-human relationship. Consequently, it should be noted that the limited understanding of local knowledge will impede us from having a better understanding of the change in cultural landscape as cultural landscape is shaped by cultural practice as well. Besides, the author indicates the limited local knowledge is generated from two factors, including time scale and spatial scale.
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: To further elaborate on the author’s point. It seems sufficient to depict the whole picture of cultural landscapes by stepping back and take a deep dive into the ways in which local knowledge (culture) formed and played out, and landscape (physical environment). However, in understanding cultural landscapes, I think a third agent should be played out in the context of cultural landscapes discussion besides culture and landscape. We should not only take into the impact of cultural practices on landscapes but also its impact on itself. The way of thinking in this vein is that cultural practices do shaped and influenced by the natural environment to some extent, however, the change in cultural practice can also happen when the ideological shift takes place among certain ethnic group, ranging from community-based to regional level. With that in mind, several questions emerge. Does an ideological shift lead to the change in cultural practice? Why does it happen? Why would it happen? Is there a sign before it happens? If ideological shift does lead to the change in cultural practice, is there a lagged change between the ideological shift and the change in cultural practice? I’ve come across a body of literature analyzing and comparing landscape change in these two weeks throughout the process browsing cultural landscapes research materials, however, there is very little papers address the above questions when I used “cultural landscapes” as keyword locating materials in google scholar, Scopus, and web of science.
+ Edits: @rct

### (2001) Understanding cultural landscape transformation: a re-photographic survey in Chitral, eastern Hindukush, Pakistan

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00207-9
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [photo interpretation](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58892723)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [land cover](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793)
+ Summary: 
    + Human driving forces play a vital role in cultural landscapes as in physical environments shaped by natural forces and human activities. The author carried out the comparative analysis through repeat photography “[c]omparisons of historical photographs and replicates serve to demonstrate change and persistence of cultural landscape structures.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @
+ Edits: @rct

### (1997) Adolescence and the cultural landscape: public policy, design decisions, and popular press reporting

+ Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00052-2
+ Type 
    - [X] principle and theory
    - [ ] practice and field work
    - [ ] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [public policy](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66759038)
    - [teenagers](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1492760)
+ Summary: 
    + This paper addresses three questions upfront and provides comments corresponding to each question. The questions include “Has there been an increase in reporting on teen issues and if so, what does it mean? How does the design of places reflect the needs and use of places by teenagers? Can landscapes be designed which will help facilitate the development of teens?” Besides, the author points out that “certain environments are important to the emotional and social development of teens, yet those needs typically have not been translated into designs.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: This study makes the case for the built environment's influence on teenagers. However, are the findings still held two decades since the research was conducted?
+ Edits: @rct

----

## Websites and Other Online Resources 


### (2017 --- 2022) Wikidata:WikiProject Cultural heritage

+ Link: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Cultural_heritage
+ Type (check any that applies)
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [X] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords (at least three Wikidata items, e.g.)
    - [GLAM](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030034)
    - [cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272)
    - [wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2013)
+ Summary: 
    + "The aim of this project is to coordinate, facilitate and promote the ingestion of cultural heritage related data into Wikidata, to facilitate the cleansing and enhancement of this data and to promote its use across Wikipedia, its sister projects and beyond."
    + "It is our vision to establish Wikidata as a central hub for data integration, data enhancement, and data management in the heritage domain."
+ Thoughts: @trc: a comprehensive resource portal.
+ Edits: @trc 


### (2021) National Monument Audit

+ Link: https://monumentlab.com/audit#data
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [QGIS](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329181)
    - [collective memory](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254217)
    - [monument](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4989906)
    - [cultural landscape](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4989906)
+ Summary: 
    + I. Monuments have always changed
II. The monument landscape is overwhelmingly white and male
III. The most common features of American monuments reflect war and conquest
IV. The story of the united states as told by our current monuments misrepresents our history
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: This report provides a relatively comprehensive lists of monuments across the United States, showing that the monument landscape is ingrained in the society reflecting the public memory and cultural landscape. For interested readers, see [National Monument Audit: Methodology and Technical Documentation](https://monumentlab.github.io/national-monument-audit/app/docs.html#metadata).
+ Edits: @rct

### (2017) An introduction to Wikidata for sharing and visualising cultural heritage resources

+ Link: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/DSDH-17_-_An_introduction_to_Wikidata_for_sharing_and_visualising_cultural_heritage_resources.pdf
+ Type (check any that applies)
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [X] with open datasets
    - [ ] other ({add a few words here, if checked})
+ Keywords (at least three Wikidata items, e.g.)
    - [GLAM](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030034)
    - [cultural heritage](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272)
    - [wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2013)
+ Summary: "Slides from a Wikidata presentation that was given during a linked open data tutorial session at the Data Sharing, Holocaust Documentation and the Digital Humanities (DSDH-17): Best Practices, Benefits, Case Studies international workshop in Venice, Italy on 30 June 2017. It includes a general introduction to Wikidata before focusing on external identifiers, integration with Wikipedia and data visualisation using tools and WDQS. Links to further information are included."
+ Thoughts: @trc a good starting point to consider using wikidata for cultural heritage resources.
+ Edits: @trc 


### (2016) Culture Mapping 90404

+ Link: https://culturemapping90404.org/about/
+ Type 
    - [ ] principle and theory
    - [X] practice and field work
    - [X] software and system
    - [ ] survey paper
    - [ ] with open datasets
    - [ ] other 
+ Keywords 
    - [cultural mapping](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5193387)
    - [African American neighborhood](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4689646)
    - [nonprofit organization](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163740)
+ Summary: 
    + “Facilitated by 18th Street Arts Center, Culture Mapping 90404 is a community produced map highlighting the history and cultural assets of the Pico neighborhood. Cultural assets are people, places, events and organizations, both past and present, that serve as cultural anchors within this community.”
+ Thoughts: 
    - @rct: This is not an academic paper but a community project focuses on cultural practice, which facilitated by a well-known Los Angeles-based nonprofit arts center.
+ Edits: @rct