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# System prepended metadata

title: Learning Roadmap - Background Knowledge

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#  Learning Roadmap - Background Knowledge

## Part 1: Background Knowledge of 5G
:::    success
Goal:
- [x] To know the characteristic of 5G
- [x] To know the overall architecture of 5G
- [x] To know the difference between 4G and 5G
:::

:::     info
* Outcome:
    * [5G Study Note](https://hackmd.io/@ray-bar/SJ6gi5Gua)
:::
:::  warning
* References:
    * [College Material](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-T6WWP39twdy63GS--bAAdx0sj40fL1y/view?usp=sharing)
    * [Ms. Ferlinda's (Previous TEEP intern) study note](https://hackmd.io/@ferlinda/rkqC-jlWU)
:::
### I. Introduction
The 'G' in 5G stands for Generation. Therefore, 5G is the fifth generation of mobile network technology and is latest standard in cellular networks. 5G aim to address numerous challenges in our connected era, such as: overcoming **exponential growth** in the number of connected devices and data traffic, reducing **energy consumption**, and enhancing **security and connectivity performance**.

5G promises more versatile, adaptive, and reprogrammable connectivity, with several key pillars:
* New Radio,
* New Architecture,
* Quality of Service Assurance



### II. 5G Use cases & Characteristic
Based on the IMT Vision recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0,the Use cases of 5G includes:
1. Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC)
**Ultra-Reliable** means that 5G technology must provide a very high level of reliability because existing applications such as machinery, vehicles, and sensors have strict tolerance for data loss, where transferred data must reach within a very fast and tight timeframe. **Low-latency** means that 5G technology must provide low latency because current applications like online games greatly rely on this low latency to ensure the quality of the provided services.

2. Enhanced Mobile Broadband
5G should aims to deliver **seamless and advanced user experiences**, incorporating video communication through augmented reality and virtual reality technologies. It **expands fundamental network capabilities** to meet user requirements, ensuring a **frustration-free experience** by relaxing constraints imposed in previous generations.

3. Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC)
5G is required to **ensure coverage** for applications utilized by objects such as sensor networks and infrastructure monitoring devices. This involves providing the capability to **support massive multiple connections** that are both **cost and energy-efficient** for devices across an extensive coverage area, including those with relatively limited data-generating capacity. 

5G characteristics includes:
* Ultra-High Reliability up to **99.999%**
* Ultra-Low Latency up to **1 ms**
* High-Mobility up to **500 km/hour**
* High Peak Data Rate up to **Multi-Gbps**
* Ultra-Low Energy up to **10+ years** of battery life
* Ultra-High Density up to **1 million Device** per squared kilometer

![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hy4SZjz_a.png)

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### III. 5G Architecture
The architecture of 5G network comprises three main components: the User Equipment (UE), the Radio Access Network (RAN), and the Core Network.
1. User Equipment
User Equipment, often referred to as UE, is the end-user device that connects to the 5G network to access various services and applications. UEs include smartphones, tablets, laptops, IoT devices, and any other device equipped with the necessary communication capabilities.

2. Radio Access Network
The Radio Access Network, or RAN, is responsible for connecting the User Equipment to the wider network. It consists of a network of base stations, antennas, and other radio equipment that facilitate wireless communication between the UE and the Core Network.

3. Core Network
The Core Network is the central component of a mobile communication infrastructure that manages various functions, including data routing, network authentication, and mobility management. It serves as the backbone of the network, connecting the RAN to external networks and services.

![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1rS9iMOT.png)

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### IV. 4G & 5G Comparison
![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryO3OjM_T.png)

![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryIya9zua.png)

Based on the table, we can conclude that:
* 5G is **20x faster** than 4G
* 5G provide **100x better support** for connected devices per unit area than 4G
* 5G is **10x more reliable** than 4G.

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### V. SA (Standalone) and Non-SA 5G
The deployment modes of 5G are categorized into Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA). In the Non-Standalone mode, 5G infrastructure is built upon existing 4G LTE networks, utilizing the LTE core for certain functionalities. This mode facilitates a quicker rollout of 5G services but doesn't fully unleash the potential of 5G capabilities. On the other hand, the Standalone mode involves a complete 5G core network, offering the full range of 5G features.
![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Bk6yCiz_a.png)



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### VI. 5G Technologies
![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJ3uJ2zO6.png)

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## Part 2: Background Knowledge of O-RAN
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Goal:
- [ ] To know the characteristic of O-RAN
- [ ] To know the overall architecture of O-RAN
- [ ] To know the difference between O-RAN and 5G
:::

## Part 3: Background Knowledge of Near-RT RIC
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Goal:
- [ ] To know the characteristic of Near-RT RIC
- [ ] To know the overall architecture of Near-RT RIC
- [ ] To know the definition of Near-RT RIC Platform and xApp
:::

## Part 4: Near-RT RIC of OSC
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Goal:
- [ ] Install Near-RT RIC Platform (reference: [here](https://hackmd.io/@2xIzdkQiS9K3Pfrv6tVEtA/G-release_Near-RT-RIC_Install))
- [ ] Install xApp using DMS tool (reference: [here](https://hackmd.io/@Min-xiang/HJZF3-xgt#43-Commands-about-helm-charts))
- [ ] Mapping Near-RT RIC between specification and OSC
- [ ] Give Each Component a Introduction
- [ ] Be familiar with the platform operation
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