# <center><i class="fa fa-edit"></i> Introduction to 5G </center>

###### tags: `Theory`
:::info
**Goal:**
- [ ] Introduction to 5G
- What is the evolution of mobile communications?
- What is 5G?
- How Does it work?
- What is 5G Architecture?
- Why must use 5G communication
:::

## What is 5G?
Do you ever hear about 5G? this video below explains a brief understanding about 5G?
{%youtube WTh9F-2BsX4 %}

5G is the next generation of wireless communication. It can handle a thousand times more traffics compared to today's network. Also, it is faster 10 times than 4G LTE. By this technology, people can see many interconnected devices in a public. For instance, it can be foundation for Virtual Reality (VR), Autonomous Driving, The Internet of Things, and others.

###### pictures source https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEx_d0SjvS0&t=303s


Five brains from 5G technology
- Milimeter Waves
Currently, smartphones and electronic devices are using specific frequencies on the radio frequency spectrum under 6 GHz. 5G discovers the possibility to open more bandwidth for users. It allocates from 3kHz to 300 GHz and tries to broadcast on the shorter millimeter waves. As we know, Millimeter waves are highly vulnerable to obstacles. Hence the second technology will cover the weak-point of Millimeter Waves.

- Small Cell Network
Nowadays, we are using cell towers that rely on large high-power to broadcast signals over long-distances. Loss of signal strength will occur when the subject moves behind the obstacles. However, this technology will solve the problem by deploying thousands of low-power mini BTS closer to cover an extensive network area. The mini BTS is forming a sort of relay team to transmits signals around obstacles. With this technology, the smartphone will switch automatically to a nearby base station to receive the signal strength in keeping its connection.

- Massive MIMO
MIMO means multiple input multiple outputs. It stands for antenna's port for 5G base station. Currently, the 4G base station has about a dozen ports for the antenna that handle all cellular traffic. However, the massive MIMO technology can support about a hundred ports and increase the network's capacity. This advanced technology causes serious interferences among the signals. Hence Beamforming technologies are needed to prevent this unintended situations

- Beamforming
Beamforming is a traffic signaling system for cellular signals. Instead of broadcasting in every direction, it allows a base station to send a focused stream of data to specific users and prevent interference among the signals.

- Full Duplex
A full-duplex is bi-directional communication. The radio waves can either transmit or receive with the same frequencies.

## The Evolution of Mobile Communication

{%youtube Zf4xizv3xug %}

| Year | Generation of Mobile Networks | Brief Explanations |
| ---- | ----------------------------- | ------------------ |
| 1980s | 1G | Delivered analog voice succesfully |
| Early 1990s | 2G | Introduced digital voice |
| Early 2000s | 3G | Emerged mobile data |
| 2010s | 4G | Ushered in the era of mobile broadband |
| Early 2020 | 5G | Enhanced mobile broadband |

## Where is 5G being used?
- Enhanced mobile broadband
- Mission-critical communications
- Massive IoT

[more details,link](https://www.qualcomm.com/5g/what-is-5g)