HackMDPersonal Learning Document Outline
Radio Access Tecnology
As a VNF 5G Implementation Division on Kubernetes, I design and deploy high-performance OpenAirInterface (OAI) 5G use cases. I optimize network performance, ensure security integration, and collaborate on defining use cases. My focus is on automation for efficient seamless deployment 5G integration in Kubernetes environments.
2G Technology
Open Netra, standing for Open Network Training, is a comprehensive solution designed to facilitate the training, simulation, and management of 5G networks. The primary functionalities of Open Netra include E2E (End-to-End) 5G dashboard simulation and RAN (Radio Access Network) monitoring & configuration. The entire infrastructure is built on a foundation of virtualized network functions, specifically implemented as OpenAirInterface containers, orchestrated and managed by Kubernetes.
3G Technology
Open Netra, standing for Open Network Training, is a comprehensive solution designed to facilitate the training, simulation, and management of 5G networks. The primary functionalities of Open Netra include E2E (End-to-End) 5G dashboard simulation and RAN (Radio Access Network) monitoring & configuration. The entire infrastructure is built on a foundation of virtualized network functions, specifically implemented as OpenAirInterface containers, orchestrated and managed by Kubernetes.
4G Technology
Open Netra, standing for Open Network Training, is a comprehensive solution designed to facilitate the training, simulation, and management of 5G networks. The primary functionalities of Open Netra include E2E (End-to-End) 5G dashboard simulation and RAN (Radio Access Network) monitoring & configuration.
4G Components
Functional Element of Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Introduced in Release 8, the EPC (Evolved Packet Core) is the latest evolution of the 3GPP's PS (Packet Switched) core network architecture. The EPC is based on IP as the transport technology for all signalling and also user plane traffic. As such, the concept of CS (Circuit Switched) services such as voice and SMS are no longer relevant; all services, including voice and messaging, are transported across the EPC as a payload of an IP packet.
Ultimately, the EPC authorizes, manages and coordinates subscribers, allowing them to access network services in a high-speed, secure and efficient manner. In the short term, the EPC largely supported access via an E-UTRAN (Evolved - Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) as part of the LTE network architecture. However, since the early deployments of LTE, the EPC for many providers now supports access via UTRAN (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network), as well as non 3GPP access such as Wi-Fi. Moreover, elements of the 5G network architecture associated with the 5G RAN and also 5G Core can interwork with the EPC.
Mobility Management Entity (MME)
The MME is responsible for mobility and session management procedures in the EPC. As such, the MME communicates with the mobile via NAS (Non Access Stratum) signalling and communicates with the HSS through Diameter. Key responsibilities include ECM (EPS Connection Management), EMM (EPS Mobility Management), gateway selection, NAS security and handover assistance.
Serving Gateway (S-GW)
The S-GW is the user data plane ingress and egress point of the E-UTRAN side of the EPC. As such, when the subscriber moves around the E-UTRAN, their point of attachment to the EPC remains fixed at the S-GW (unless the network decides that a S-GW relocation is required). Additional responsibilities include lawful interception of subscriber traffic, as well as downlink data buffering whilst the subscriber is paged.
Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW)
The P-GW serves as an ingress and egress point to the EPC from a PDN (Packet Data Network) such as the Internet. When a subscriber establishes an EPS (Evolved Packet System) bearer to a given PDN, the P-GW serves as the point of attachment to that PDN for the life of the EPS bearer (regardless of any mobility procedures).
Packet filtering is a key role of the P-GW in order to ensure that downlink data has the appropriate QoS applied. This is associated with PCC (Policy and Charging Control), with the P-GW typically housing PCEF (Policy and Charging Enforcement Function) capabilities.
In terms of interworking with the 5G core network, the PDN-GW may have both SMF (Session Management Function) and UPF (User Plane Function) capabilities as an integral feature.
Functional Element of E-UTRAN
Evolved Node B
Functional Element of E-UTRAN
The eNB serves as the base station within the E-UTRAN, terminating the air interface on the network side. Consequently, the eNB is responsible for all radio resource management, as well as allocation of user traffic to the downlink/uplink, security and relaying of higher layer NAS (Non Access Stratum) signalling to the MME (Mobility Management Entity).
The eNB is also capable of conducting an inter eNB handover procedure via the X2 interface.
UE Mobile Devices
Functional Element of PLMN
The mobile device is termed the MS (Mobile Station) in GSM and the UE (User Equipment) in UMTS/LTE/5G. The capabilities of the device are dependent on the manufacturer, but general features include support for a variety of radio technologies and frequencies, assisting in global roaming. Supported technologies include 3GPP technologies, as well as non-3GPP technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and NFC (Near Field Communication). Mobile devices are uniquely identified by their IMEI (Internation Mobile Equipment Identity), which is tracked by the EIR (Equipment Identity Register) in order to prevent stolen devices from accessing the network.
On board the mobile will be a 3GPP SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) or USIM (Universal SIM), depending on the functionality of the device (particularly with respect to supported security algorithms). The SIM/USIM holds subscriber credentials associated with accessing services, such as the subscriber's IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and secret key.
Call Flow: Network Registration
Call Flow: PDN Connectivity Establishment
Call Flow: Network Beaerer Establishment
Network Procedures:
Air Interface:
5G Technology
Open Netra, standing for Open Network Training, is a comprehensive solution designed to facilitate the training, simulation, and management of 5G networks. The primary functionalities of Open Netra include E2E (End-to-End) 5G dashboard simulation and RAN (Radio Access Network) monitoring & configuration. The entire infrastructure is built on a foundation of virtualized network functions, specifically implemented as OpenAirInterface containers, orchestrated and managed by Kubernetes.
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
Open Netra, standing for Open Network Training, is a comprehensive solution designed to facilitate the training, simulation, and management of 5G networks. The primary functionalities of Open Netra include E2E (End-to-End) 5G dashboard simulation and RAN (Radio Access Network) monitoring & configuration. The entire infrastructure is built on a foundation of virtualized network functions, specifically implemented as OpenAirInterface containers, orchestrated and managed by Kubernetes.
Wi-Fi Technology
Open Netra, standing for Open Network Training, is a comprehensive solution designed to facilitate the training, simulation, and management of 5G networks. The primary functionalities of Open Netra include E2E (End-to-End) 5G dashboard simulation and RAN (Radio Access Network) monitoring & configuration. The entire infrastructure is built on a foundation of virtualized network functions, specifically implemented as OpenAirInterface containers, orchestrated and managed by Kubernetes.
CIoT Technology
Open Netra, standing for Open Network Training, is a comprehensive solution designed to facilitate the training, simulation, and management of 5G networks. The primary functionalities of Open Netra include E2E (End-to-End) 5G dashboard simulation and RAN (Radio Access Network) monitoring & configuration. The entire infrastructure is built on a foundation of virtualized network functions, specifically implemented as OpenAirInterface containers, orchestrated and managed by Kubernetes.
Radio Frequency Planning
As a VNF 5G Implementation Division on Kubernetes, I design and deploy high-performance OpenAirInterface (OAI) 5G use cases. I optimize network performance, ensure security integration, and collaborate on defining use cases. My focus is on automation for efficient seamless deployment 5G integration in Kubernetes environments.
5G Technology
Open Netra, standing for Open Network Training, is a comprehensive solution designed to facilitate the training, simulation, and management of 5G networks. The primary functionalities of Open Netra include E2E (End-to-End) 5G dashboard simulation and RAN (Radio Access Network) monitoring & configuration. The entire infrastructure is built on a foundation of virtualized network functions, specifically implemented as OpenAirInterface containers, orchestrated and managed by Kubernetes.
4G Technology
Open Netra, standing for Open Network Training, is a comprehensive solution designed to facilitate the training, simulation, and management of 5G networks. The primary functionalities of Open Netra include E2E (End-to-End) 5G dashboard simulation and RAN (Radio Access Network) monitoring & configuration. The entire infrastructure is built on a foundation of virtualized network functions, specifically implemented as OpenAirInterface containers, orchestrated and managed by Kubernetes.
