# MCO2 白皮書重點

## Abstract
Q 2020, we have established ourselves as the largest carbon platform andclimate tech in the world. We havealready transacted more than 900thousand tons of CO2 (comparablemarket value in Europe of US$ 25 million) in just over 8 months.we believe that it has the potential to become a “primitive”, or “building block” in token parlance.
The MCO2 Token does not bring innovation to markets or trading, but rather innovation in usability for offsetting.
The revolution that MOSS MCO2 Token brings is not a revolution in markets or market structure. It is a revolution of utility, programmability and composability.

We believe that the ultimate objective of carbon credits is their retirement for the purposes of compensation. Tokenization facilitates users’ ability to compensate for carbon emissions more easily and in a broader range of circumstances.
Our tokenization of carbon credits via the issuance of MCO2 Tokens, which
## What are 01 carbon credits?
1 Carbon Credit = a digital certificate that proves that a company or an environmental project (forest conservation projects, reforestation of devastated areas, clean energy, biomass, etc.)prevented the emission (pollution) of 1 ton of
CO2eq (carbon dioxide) in a given year.
If all CO2 emissions in the world were compensated, the potential market would be of US$ 1.3 trillion yearly.

## MOSS carbon (MCO2) Token specifications
MCO2 (“Moss Carbon Credit”) is a blockchainbased ERC20 token that represents ownership of one carbon credit (i.e., a digital certificate in the voluntary market that attests the avoidance of the emission of 1 ton of GEE in carbon dioxide equivalent units) registered with a globally recognized registry. The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) recognize carbon credits as commodities akin to wheat and soybeans rather than financial instruments, securities or derivatives because they are capable of being delivered by ownership transfer and consumed through retirement or offset in compliance with the terms of mandatory or voluntary environmental programs.

## Basics of carbon credit market
### Demand for Carbon Credits
Demand from carbon intensive companies and individuals for carbon compensation is increasing
exponentially globally.

large companies such as Microsoft, Unilever, Verizon, Amazon, Delta, Jet Blue, among others, have already revealed in 2020 goals of offsetting the entire emissions from their production chain, generating an expectation of increasing demand for carbon credits and for credits from Amazon forest environmental projects. Amazon and Microsoft compensation alone represent 60 million tons of voluntary carbon credit demand per annum, or 12x the current supply of Brazilian Amazon forest credits Consumers are becoming ever more environmentally conscious, and this is leading people to compensate their carbon footprints and companies to neutralize their emissions.
MOSS works with partner projects that today protect a total forest area of 1 million hectares

## CAP & Trade: ETS (emission trading system

## How the carbon credit markets work: regulated and voluntary markets
In 2017, Europe regulated itself again and today the price of carbon credit in the European ETS is 25 euros (it was 10 euros last year). The regulator has already established a step ladder in which the price of European carbon credit will rise by € 5 to € 10 a year until it reaches €65 in 2026. Why is this figure 65 euros?
Because there are several studies (the main one carried out by the UNFCCC) that conclude that this is the value that would lead the world to offset/neutralize its anthropogenic emissions (those caused by humans). There are other research institutions that mention higher values than 65 euros for the world’s environmental balance. Respected institutes, such as the London School of Economics, for example, work with the hypothesis of 80 dollars in 2030 (11-20 times higher than current sales prices in Brazil) and 180 dollars in 2040.
Around the world, several other markets outside Europe are also regulated and even follow the European Market, such as New Zealand and China (70% of global GDP is regulated today - that is, these countries establish a minimum trading price and GHG emission limits by country and sector). Basically, global society is getting tired of waiting for a global system under UN regulation and global alignment, which has been delayed again and again due to political challenges.


Second, clean energy carbon projects are simple to understand: a company builds a wind or solar farm with the capacity to replace coal or diesel power generation. The construction of clean energy parks avoids GHG emission by another form of carbon intensive energy generation (coal-fired power plants, diesel).
The third type is the landfill.
Decomposing organic matter releases a lot of methane gas, and although it is much less bulky in our atmosphere, methane is much more intensive in terms of its greenhouse impact than CO2: 20 to 30 times more. The solution to avoid landfill GHG emission is simple: install plants or pipes to burn this gas (flaring).

### 獲取碳權的兩種主要方式
- 保育森林法
- 需要大片土地
- 費時
- 金錢消耗大
- 複雜

- 碳隔離法 (ex. 種植新森林)
- 從空氣中隔離碳
- 省時
- 金錢利用效率高
- 有技術難度

In other words, in 20 years the project will have sequestered 400 thousand tons of carbon,generating CO2 certificates.

### 認證碳權
大面積的土地,通過審查
從前很容易
目前:
- 3000 - 5000 USD
- 需要20-30年衛星影像和各種地理資訊
- 耗時3-4年, 認證可持續20-30年
- 可以採取每年認證(扣除第一年後每年30-50USD(認證森林消失率),並且影響保育方式和產出)

## About MOSS
MOSS aims to promote the preservation of the environment through Blockchain and Technology , which includes democratization and development of the carbon credit market.
In just 8 months since it was founded, the startup has traded more than 900000 carbon credits, becoming the largest buyer of Brazilian credits and one of the largest in the world.
MOSS buys carbon credits from high-quality environmental projects that operate in the Amazon Forest (projects that emit, certify and sell credits) and that avoid or capture CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The startup allows companies and individuals to buy these credits on its 100% digital platform, www.moss.earth, making a historically complex process simple and transparent.
## Legal
## MOSS dictionary