# DBS as a Lens: Control and Category Theory Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an empirical therapy for severe neuropsychiatric disease that... Reframing DBS is a critical step towards understanding it because current neuroscience-anchored frameworks rely too heavily on experimental assumptions. DBS works despite the lack of experimental control, directly in the lives of patients. # From Representations to Diffeomorphism (and beyond) Mathematic frameworks are important to make sense of links between different layers of study, and finding which links have an additional property we care about: causality.