### **2020電算資訊營** ## **Python語法教學** Gino --- # 條件判斷 - 比較運算子 - 條件運算子 - if-else ---- ## 比較運算子 ---- ### 常見的: - $<$ - $>$ - $<$ - $>=$ - $==$ (注意不是一個等於!) - $!=$ ---- ### $=$ v.s. $==$ ```python= a = 3 # 將變數a設為3 a == 3 # 檢查a是否等於3 ``` ---- ## 條件運算子 ---- not and or (優先度:not > and > or) ---- ### **not** ```python= print(3 == 5) # False print(not 3 == 5) # True ``` ---- ### **and** ```python= print(5 < 3 and 10 > 6) # False print(5 > 3 and 10 > 6) # True ``` ---- ### **or** ```python= print(5 < 3 or 10 < 6) # False print(5 > 3 or 10 < 6) # True ``` ---- ## if-else ---- ### **if** ```python= if 條件: (條件成立要做的事) # ^ 這裡記得要縮排(鍵盤左上角tab) ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/TmxwTea.png) ---- ### **巢狀if - if裡面還有if** ```python= if 條件A: if 條件B: (要做的事) if 條件A and 條件B: (要做的事) ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/FpL7kEM.png) ---- ### **if else** ```python= if 條件: ... else: (條件不成立要做的事) ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/vPwB09f.png) ---- ### **elif (否則如果)** ```python= if 條件A: ... elif 條件B: # A不成立才會判斷B ... elif 條件C: # AB不成立才會判斷C ... else: # ABC都不成立 ... ``` --- # 迴圈 - while - for ---- ## while ---- ### **while 迴圈** ```python= while 條件: ... # 只要條件成立就會一直執行 ``` ---- ### **無窮迴圈** ```python= while True: ... ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/Ykkqxg5.png) ---- ### **break** ```python= while ...: ... if 某件事情發生了: break # 直接離開while迴圈 ... ``` ---- ### **continue** ```python= while ...: ... if 某件事情發生了: continue # 跳到下一次迴圈 ... ``` ---- ## for ---- ### **計數的迴圈** ```python= for i in range(10): ... ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/lbDDJQc.png) ---- ### **巢狀迴圈 - 迴圈裡面的迴圈** ```python= for i in range(10): for j in range(10): ... ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/WZNjTHc.png) ---- ### **讀取字串** ```python= s = "CRC is the best" for i in s: # i是s裡面的字 print(i, end=" ") # C R C i s t h e b e s t for i in range(len(s)): # i是數字 print(s[i], end=" ") # s[i] -> s的第i個字(由0開始數) ``` --- # 函式 - 介紹 - 參數 - return ---- ### **工具人** 只要你好好告訴他要幹嘛,他使命必達 ```python= def greet(): print("Hello") greet() # 呼叫工具人 ``` ---- ### **參數** ```python= def greet(name): print("Hello,", name) greet("Gino") # Hello, Gino ``` ---- ### **return** 函式結束後回傳的東西(任何東西都可以) ---- ### **國中學的函數** ```python= def f(x): return 5 * x + 3 print(f(4)) # 19 ``` #### $f(x) = 5x + 3$ ---- ### **比較x, y的大小** ```python= def compare(x, y): if x > y: return True else: return False print(compare(5, 3)) # True print(compare(3, 5)) # False ``` --- # **總結** ---- ### 複習一下我們剛才提到的東西 - 比較、條件運算子(大於小於、not, and, or) - **if elif else** - **while迴圈** - **for迴圈** (計數、巢狀迴圈、讀字串) - 函式 (聽我們使喚的工具人) - 函式參數 - 函式回傳值 ---- ### 開始練習吧!耶伊! - 0001 Hello OJ! - 0004 長方形愛好者 - 0009 社課不能當人 - 0010 計時
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