# Pathology Micro Block I ## Vol 2 * 一. PA0004 (6) Myocardial infarction, heart, 54M (P.3) * 二. PA0081 (65) Fat necrosis, pancreas, 19M (P.13) * 三. PA0096 (76) Infarct, kidney, 52M (P.28) ## Vol 3 * 一. PA0162 (138) Encephalomalacia, brain(p.2) * 二. PA0017 (18)Anthracosis(p.11), lung * 三. PA0144 (120) Intradermal nevus(p.15), skin * 四. PA0211 (153) Hemosiderosis(p.21), liver ## Vol 4 * 一. PA0208 152 Melanosis coli, large intestine(p.3) * lipofuscin * ![](https://i.imgur.com/LjBhEDZ.png) * 二. PA0214 156 Obstructive cholestasis, liver(p.12) ![obstructive cholestasis](https://i.imgur.com/UXjVsdx.jpg "obstructive cholestasis" =80%x80%) ![](https://i.imgur.com/HgTQRMh.png) * 三. PA0216 158 Malaria pigment(p.23), liver or RBC * 和PA0214比起來較多空腔 ## Vol 5 * 一. PA0074 (58) Steatosis (fatty change), liver, 50F(p.2) * 二. PA0220 (162) Nodular hyperplasia, prostate, 71M(p.19) * Gross: nodular hyperplasia mostly in transitional zone * Micro: * nodules composed of hyperplastic **mesenchymal or epithelial** cells * epithelial dilated cystical glands lined by **bilayered cells** (tall columnar epithelial with basal cell layer, in cancerous prostate basal cell layer will vanish) with inconspicuous nucleoli. * 正常的gland被nodule擠壓成**長扁形** * nodule的epithelium增生可能形成**papillary protrusion**,有fibromuscular stroma。 * gland內可能有prostatic secretion (Corpora amylacea) * 三. PA0056 (37)Acute suppurative appendicitis, 37F(p.37) * Acute appendicitis: neutrophils infiltration in ***muscularis propria*** (不只在mucosa/serosa), *congested subserosal vessel (GROSS)* * Suppurative inflammation: **neutrophils infiltration, edema, necrotic cell debris**. Serosal fibrinopurulent reaction. * → Acute suppurative appendicitis * → *hemmorhagic ulceration, gangrenous ulcer (GROSS)* ## Vol 6 * 一. PA0044 (29) Chronic sinusitis, maxillary sinus(P.3) ![](https://i.imgur.com/lLdi3bB.png) * Chronic inflammation: lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration * Edema: submucosal glands間距上升 * Dilated cyst: submucosal glands ![](https://i.imgur.com/D13OCd1.png) * Respiratory epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells) basement membrane ![](https://i.imgur.com/9gXEJyX.png) * 二. PA0143 (119) Suture granuloma, skin(P.15) * **suture + granuloma** * **foreign body** * **granulomatous inflammation: epithelioid histiocytes** + multinucleated giant cell * Fat necrosis: foamy histiocytes * Scar: * collagen deposition (ECM) * fibroblast or myofibroblast proliferation * 三. PA0198 (144) Caseating granulomatous inflammation, lung(P.36) * 四. PA0202 (148) Chronic ulcer, stomach(P.55) * acute stage: * micro: 一開始有neutrophils infiltrate,慢慢有healing * PMN (neutrophils) and vascular dilation * fibrin + cell debris * gross: margins of defect * chronic stage: * micro: 血管增生,chronic inflammatory cells進入,最底層開始修復形成scar tissue * **granulation tissue**: chronic inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells) + capillary * **fibroblastic proliferation**: collagen + fibroblast * gross: margins and base of ulcer ## Vol 7 * 一. PA0008 (10) Congestive splenomegaly, 15M, Spleen (P.3) * 二. PA0076 (61) Nutmeg liver (centrilobular congestion and necrosis), 57M, liver (P.13) * Chronic congestion of central vein (centrizonal congestion) due to RHF * Centrizonal necrosis (white, loss of hepatocyte) (zone 3) * Zone 1 portal tract: surrounded hepatocytes' nucleus remains * Zone 3 centrizonal area necrosis due to congestion of central vein. Centrilobular region 的 sinusoid 鬱血嚴重,且肝細胞受損無核 * 三. PA0059 (41) Hemorrhoid, 51F, anorectal junction (P.26) * 長期腹壓增加 → venous return ↓ → stasis → hydrostatic pressure ↑, coagulative factors ↑ → edema, congestion, hemorrhage, thrombosis * Edema * Congestion: dilated vessels, 管壁厚薄不一 * Hemorrhage * Thrombus: RBC + fibrin (淡粉紅色霧絲狀) * Organizing thrombus: firboblast (藍色細胞核) 在thrombus中生長 * Recanalization: fibroblasts在thrombus中形成血管內皮 * 四. PA0097 (77)Acute Tubular Necrosis, 49M, kidney (P.43) * 五. PA0096 (76) (1) Infarct (2)Acute Tubular Necrosis, 52M, kidney (Review) (P.47) ## Vol 9 * 一. PA0255 (80) Condyloma acuminatum, penis, 27M(P.3) * 二. PA0141 (117) Molluscum contagiosum, skin, 43M(P.16) * 三. PA0218 (160) Cytomegaloviral nephritis, kidney (P.31) ## Vol 10 * 一. PA0001(4)Infective endocarditis, mitral valve, 60 M (p.3) * 二. PA0198(144)Caseating granulomatous inflammation, lung, 57M(p.13) * 三. PA0251(39)Actinomycosis, ovary, 49F(p.27) ## Vol 11 * 一. PA0015 (17)Aspergillosis, lung, 86F (P.3) * 二. PA0201 (147) Candidiasis, esophagus (P.18) * 三. PA0199 (145) Paragonimiasis, soft tissue (lung) (P.31) ## Vol 12 * 一. PA0022 (9)Mucormycosis, spleen, 10M (P.3) * 二. PA0213 (155) Schistosomiasis, liver (P.26) * 三. PA0205 (149)Schistosomiasis and trichuriasis, appendix (P.38) * 四. PA0206 (150)Amebiasis, appendix (P.53) ## Needs Review * chronic ulcer * condyloma acuminatum * nodular hyperplasia * encephalomalacia * hemosiderosis * acute tubular necrosis * fat necrosis * acute suppurative pancreatitis * nutmeg liver * mucormycosis * actinomycosis * hemosiderin (反光) vs. lipofuscin vs. * hemosiderin: congestive splenomegaly, hemosiderosis (liver), myocardial infarction (granulation tissue histiocyte eat hemosiderin) * parakeratosis: candidiasis, condyloma acuminatum * Macrovesicur, microvesicular: steatosis * ZONE 3: steatosis, obstructive cholestasis; ZONE 1: stromal edema * Appendix: * acute suppurative appendicitis: neutrophils一簇簇 (muscularis propria),edema, necrotic cell debris * 腎臟 (kidney): * Infarct * Cytomegaloviral nephritis: 一開始看不太出來有甚麼不一樣 * Ballooning change: acute tubular necrosis (kidney), hemosiderosis (liver)