# <font color="#A8A8A8">Using OpenStreetMap and Wikidata to arrange river data in Taiwan</font> <!-- .slide: data-background="https://i.imgur.com/zIpva9R.jpg" --> HOT con 2021 Wikimedia Taiwan/OpenStreetMap Dennis Raylin Chen slide: [https://hackmd.io/@osm-tw/ByEYs5kLY](https://hackmd.io/@osm-tw/ByEYs5kLY) Note: Hi HOT Summit attendees, this is Dennis Raylin Chen from Taiwan. My talk is "Using OpenStreetMap and Wikidata to arrange river data in Taiwan". It will focus on the local experience. The background image of the first slide is a typic river in mountain area in Taiwan. The river is not wide, and not much water in the river. --- ## Who am I? - [Supaplex](https://www.openstreetmap.org/user/Supaplex) - [OpenStreetMap](https://www.openstreetmap.org/user/Supaplex) :heart: [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Supaplex) :heart: - [Wikimedia Taiwan](https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Taiwan) :cat: Note: My online ID is Supaplex, is an active contributor of OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Taiwan. I am also a board of directors of Wikimedia Taiwan, a NGO promoting Wikimedia activities in Taiwan. --- ## <font color="#000000">OSM x Wikidata Monthly Meetup</font> <!-- .slide: data-background="https://i.imgur.com/UpMMwkW.png" --> <font color="#f00">* OpenStreetMap Taiwan, Wikidata Taiwan * Every month in MozSpace Taipei * Facebook [OpenStreetMap Taiwan](https://www.facebook.com/groups/OpenStreetMap.TW/) * Facebook [Wikidata Taiwan](https://www.facebook.com/groups/2212207218990971)</font> Note: The Wikidata Taiwan Community co-host a monthly meetup with the OpenStreetMap Taiwan Community. Now we resume on-site meetup in Taiwan, still alive during the COVID-19 panaeic. We have very close relationship with Wikidata Taiwan, Wikimedia communities, civil hackers g0vers in Taiwan --- ## OpenStreetMap Taiwan * administrative boundary: all mapped * Aboriginal tribes * National language of Taiwan: Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka * Data import: public bicycle, bus stop Note: Thanks the whole OpenStreetMap community members, we mapped all Taiwan village boundary. Recently there is a trend to know more about local staff, so we also added aboriginal tribes in their own language, and also other Sinic language name labels like Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka. And Taiwan government have esablish serveral Open Data portal, which offer some datasets with geo-coordinate ---- ## Old Facebook OSM map  Note: This is the style of Facebook map, using data from OpenStreetMap, attributed OSM. Facebook used to leave notes directly to OpenStreetMap note system. ---- ## 蠟筆風格  Note: Cyano style of Taipei's street. ---- ## 開放鐵路地圖  Note: Railway and subway lines of the Taipei ---- ## 開放交通運輸地圖  Note: Numberious line of Taipei bus routes. ---- ## OSM Mapnik [](https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=17/25.04375/121.53220) Note: Normal OSM Mapnik Style in Taipei. ---- ## CyclOSM [](https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=17/25.04375/121.53086&layers=Y) Note: Bicycle road in Taipei. ---- ## 魯地圖 [](https://www.facebook.com/groups/taiwan.topo) Note: Rudy Map is a mountain-climbing oriented map them, combined OpenStreetMap and DEM. Focuse on outdoor and mountain climbing needs. ---- ## WikiProject Taiwan/Water * [Wikidata:WikiProject_Taiwan/Water](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Taiwan/Water) * [Wikidata:WikiProject_Taiwan/Water/WRA](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Taiwan/Water/WRA) * Work with Taiwan Government, Water Resource Agency Note: These two pages are established by Wikidata Taiwan, for arranging water data on wikidata. The OpenStreetMap Taiwan also is working together on water data. Recently communities work with Taiwan government agency, the Water Resource Agency to tackle river data. --- ## Rivers that are managed by Taiwan Central Government  Note: Here is the list rivers managed by Taiwan Cental government. All of these rivers have OSM relation ID, and link to the correspond Wikidata items. --- ## Language landscape in Taiwan * Dominated language: [Taiwanese Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin) * Mandarin is tought in the education system * Other language: [Taiwanese Hokkian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien), [Taiwanese Hakka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_Hakka), [Taiwan Austronesian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formosan_languages) * Less resource in the education system * lack of written form of articles --- ## Taiwanese Hokkien * [Sinitic language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinitic_languages), Hokkien Langauge used in Taiwan * Written form: 臺灣話、Tâi-oân-ōe * 1915 survay: 96% self-recognized Taiwanese speakers * 2020 survay: 31.73% use Taiwanese in their house * Monolingual education of Mandarin after 1956-> language revitalization started in 1990: Taiwan Hokkien, Hakka, and Austronesian Note: https://www.thenewslens.com/article/157030 語言振興運動 --- ## Taiwanese Hokkien in digital age * Minister of Education: Recommend Chinese Character in writing system * 漢字 Vs Pe̍h-ōe-jī * More speakers than writers * zh-min-nan Wikipedia: mostly written in Pe̍h-ōe-jī, few 漢字 article --- ## River in Taiwanese Hokkien * Suffix of river 溪(khue/khe/khere) is Taiwanese Hokkien, are very common in Taiwan * Influenced by Old Chinese and Middle Chinese, and some influenced from Austroasiatic Language * The suffix Kang might trace its origin from Austroasiatic language, ex: Mekong(湄公河) Note: Most of the rivers in Taiwan have the suffix khue, origin from Taiwanese Hokkien. Taiwanese Hokkien is a Sinic language, could trace its origin from Old Chinese, and mostly from Middle Chinese. And some influence from Austroasiatic laanguage. For example kang might have some connectiong with Mekong --- ## Common River suffix in Taiwan Hokkien * Kang(江) * khue/khe/khere(溪) * káng(港) * kau(溝) * khinn/khenn(坑) Note: Here is a list of common river suffix, kang, khue, káng, kau, khinn ---- <!-- .slide: data-background="#FFFFFF" --> [](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_tree.svg) Note: Taiwanese Hokkien belongs to Min varities traced from Old Chinese, evolved from Middle Chinese. ---- ## Mandarin Chinese Water term * Hô(河) as suffix is influnced by Mandarin, ex：Keelung River, Tamsui River * Suí(水), Old Chinese *** lhuiʔ(水)*** means free from water, once it means just ***Yellow River(黃河)***, ex: Han River(漢水), Wei River(渭水), Zhang River(漳水) Note: Hô and Suí are river suffix influnced from Mandarin, example Keelung River, Tamsui River. And in Old Chinese, suí just means Yellow River, then it become the suffix for river, example: Han River, Ui River --- # Taiwanese Hakka * Si-yen Hakka: ho11 ba55(河壩) * Hói-liu̍k Hakka: ho55 ba11(河壩) * taiˋ pu+ Hakka: ho113 ba53(河壩) * South Si-yen Hakka: ho11 ba55(河壩) Note: The de facto standard Hakka-fa dialect Si-yen Hakka calls river ho11ba55(河壩） --- ## River and Taiwanese Hokkien * Khue-tsiu(溪洲): the land between waterways, in Taipei, Changhua etc. * Tshim-khinn (深坑): a district in Taipei Metro area, deep valley cut by river * Khue-thâu(溪頭): the origin of the river * Thâu-tsîng-khue(頭前溪): the river in front of you * lô-tsuí-khe(濁水溪): River water that is turbid Note: There are many place names related to water, like Khue-tsiu, means land between waterways. Tshim-khinn is a disrict in Taipei, means deep valley cut by river. Khue-thâu means the origin of the river Thâu-tsîng-khue means the river in front of Lô-tsuí-khe means river water that is turbid --- ## Overview of rivers in Taiwan * the length of Taiwan Rivers are short * ele different between river origin and mouth might be thousands of meters in very short distance * full of water during wet or typhoon season, dry riverbed during dry season * problem of lack of usable water in fall and winter, espacilly Southern Taiwan * polution problem of rivers which flow through the city Note: Here is the overview of river in Taiwan from the geographic point of view. 1 the length of Taiwan Rivers are short. 2 the elevation between origin and mouth might be thousands of metters but in very short distance 3 the waterbed is full of water during wet season or typhon season, but totally dry during dry season, some people could drive their cars on the dry riverbed 4 water management issus, build reservoirs 5 polution problem of river which flow through the cities --- ## How many Lô-tsuí-khe in Taiwan？ * Lô-tsuí (濁水) means turbid in Taiwanese and Mandarin * At least two in Lô-tsuí-khe drainage basin in central Taiwan * One in Northern Taiwan * One in Eastern Taiwan * There are 11 rivers or streams have the name Lô-tsuí-khe Note: There are many Lô-tsuí-khe in Taiwan The longest is in central Taiwan total 11 lô-tsuí-khe in Taiwan ---- ## duplicated names of rivers * have to know the location * detain metadata: which county, origin of the river * unique ID for each river Note: distinguish different rivers by location, the metadata of the river, which county, where is the origin of the river even better from the database point of view, give each river a unique ID --- ## Where is this river？ We want to know more about river, first step is to obtain river basic data * Map: Google Maps * Look up at Wikipedia Note: Look for river data: Maps, Google Maps, Wikipedia ---- ## Google Maps [Google Maps-Tamsui River](https://www.google.com.tw/maps/place/Tamsui+River/@25.1265057,121.4448898,13.32z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x3442a5247f16a793:0x1d2228e30425e34a!8m2!3d25.1117431!4d121.4581599?hl=en) No GIS data  Note: Everybody knows Google Maps, but there is no GIS line feature ---- ## Google Maps Links to search entries  Note: Google Maps integrate search results, and link to Wikipedia article or top international website like YouTube or trip.com ---- ## Taiwan official Map survay agency [Taiwan Map Service-General Map](https://maps.nlsc.gov.tw/)  Note: The official government made map: Taiwan Map Service General Map No river search result ---- ## Wikipedia Wikipedia ：[List of Taiwan Rivers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Taiwan)  Note: Lets try Wikipedia, a list of Taiwan river, but not every rivers in Taiwan have Wikipedia article --- ## Government data * [River code of Taiwan](https://data.gov.tw/dataset/22228) * Taiwan Map Service (WMTS) Note: For the government data, there are Taiwan river code and Taiwan Map Service, but unfortunately, the later one just have WMTS access. --- ## The problems of River code of Taiwan 1. the list doesn't contain all rivers in Taiwan, just some big rivers and its important branches 2. There are GIS files only for big rivers, and ordinary people have no access of these dataset 3. Some rivers don't have detailed meta data Note: The official list only have those big river and its important branches. Only GIS files for big rivers and for ordinary people have no access right of thee datasets. And some rivers don't have detailed meta data. --- ## Government and Communities work together to tackle the problem * Civil and government collaborate, with the help of OpenStreetMap and Wikidata community * Merit of government: have manpower * Need much more time to know what the citizens want * New tools from the community, ex: online database Wikidata and OpenStreetMap * members of communities come and leave Note: So the civial society and the government work toghter, to deal with the river data issue. The government side have man power, and the civial society have more flexable way and new tools, like collaborate platform OpenStreetMap and Wikidata. But the communities contributors come and go, can't guarantee man power. --- ## What do we want to know * The origin of the river * The mouth of the river * with basic data, we could ask some question: leisre space around the riverside Note: Things we want to know about rivers: the origin, the mouth, and basic data like where does this river flow through which counties. --- ## LASS Community * Airbox: community-driven air quality IoT device * Some people don't trust the results from government air quality monitor station * water quality * First show case is work on 頭前溪 and 鱉溪 * LASS work with the government: on-site survay to make sure the location of brach flow into the main river Note: Despite OpenStreetMap and Wikidata community, there is another civil community LASS. LASS is famous for its IoT device Airbox, which is a low cost air quality monitor device. They don't trust the government big monitor station due to their children running nose. Now LASS look at the water issue, first they want to get basic river data in Taiwan. ---- ##  [Commonwealth interview LASS](https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5115243) Note: Local press interview LASS community ---- ## Meeting and on-site survay  ([Link](https://www.facebook.com/groups/LASSnet/posts/2825612554356003/)) Note: LASS have meeting with government and on-site survay too. Now they know how government agencies keep track of water data. And also where the branch flow into the main river. --- ## What can Wikidata and OpenStreetMap do? * cross link with each parties * Wikidata can link to OSM, river code, and cound extend to GNS, geoname * OSM link to Wikidata, river code * standardization of river data: flexable and activities of the communities, authority of the government * Taiwan Open Data website river dataset with Wikidata QID column Note: The government and Wikidata, OpenStreetMap communities work together, link each parties data Wikidata links to OSM, river code and also GNS, geoname OSM links to Wikidata and river code Help Taiwan government standarization river code Now Taiwan Open Data website river code have obtain Wikidata QID --- ## Table of OSM river in Taiwan * Overpass Query [Table](https://overpass-turbo.eu/s/197C)、[Google spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1IOkECHL7Dnp3rrX-uCMKYqRPGFl0UXgDf3tGaKWj3j8/edit#gid=181957460)  Note: Now OpenStreetMap have 1,500 river relations in Taiwan. ---- ## OSM river data Tamsui River Basin polygon data  Note: The most important river basin in northern Taiwan, Tamsui River basin, the polygon data in OSM ---- ## Advanced Query River flow into Taiwan Strait or Pacific Ocean * [Overpass Query](https://overpass-turbo.eu/s/197L)  Note: Advanced query example of Taiwan river --- ## Wikidata River data - name [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2420747) Note: Wikidata ability to record multilingual names of rivers ---- ## Wikidata River data - location  Note: basic information of rivers on Wikidata: the location of river mouth, the origin. ---- ## Wikidata River data - ID  Note: ID of external database and also Taiwan's river code and OpenStreetMap relation ID ---- ## Wikidata Query Service * [Wikidata Query Link](https://query.wikidata.org/sparql?query=%23Rivers%20Taiwan%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3FplaceLabel%20%3Fref%20%3Friver%20%3FriverLabel%20%3Flocation%20%3Fopenstreetmap%20%3FGNS%20%3FGeoNames%20%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%3Friver%20(wdt%3AP31%2F(wdt%3AP279*))%20wd%3AQ355304%3B%0A%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP17%20wd%3AQ865.%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Friver%20wdt%3AP131%20%3Fplace.%20%7D%20%20%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Friver%20wdt%3AP9170%20%3Fref.%20%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Friver%20wdt%3AP625%20%3Flocation.%20%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Friver%20wdt%3AP402%20%3Fopenstreetmap.%20%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Friver%20wdt%3AP2326%20%3FGNS.%20%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Friver%20wdt%3AP1566%20%3FGeoNames.%20%7D%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22zh-tw%2Czh-tw%2Czh%2Cen%2Cnan%22.%20%7D%0A%0A%7D) * 1636 rivers (included man-made waterway)  Note: According to Wikidata Query Link, there are totally 1,636 waterways in Taiwan, which included man-made waterway. So there are still many rivers and streams not established on Wikidata --- ## Open Data with Wikidata * [River code list](https://gweb.wra.gov.tw/hydroinfo/ExDoc/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%B7%9D%E4%BB%A3%E7%A2%BC(110%E5%B9%B4).pdf) with Wikidata Column  Note: The screenshot of the Taiwan government Open data river code dataset. You can see there is a Wikidata column with QID. And we hope one day will also included on OSM relation ID column --- ## Future Plan * add OSM relation ID to Wikidata item * combine with Geonames ** Wikipedia Cebu Geonames data * National language of Taiwan: Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka ** Which name: Pinyin or Traditional name from Taiwanese Hokkien ** Ex: 淡水河 Tamsui He Vs Danshui He * English name Note: For the Taiwan community, we still haven't link all OpenStreetMap relation ID to the corresponding Wikidata item. And there are still many Taiwan rivers and streams not exist on Wikidata database. So we still have plently of editing work to do. And also link OpenStreetMap and Wikidata to other external database like Geonames or GNS, and adding local language, not only Taiwanese Hokkien, but also Taiwanese Hakka, and the international name in English. --- ## Thank you :sheep: Q&A - [GitHub](https://github.com/Supaplextw/) - Supaplex: [Wikidata](https://wikidata.org/wiki/User:Supaplex)，[OpenStreetMap](https://www.openstreetmap.org/user/Supaplex) - [email](mailto:dennis@wikimedia.tw) me * [Wikidata Taiwan](https://www.facebook.com/groups/2212207218990971/), [OpenStreetMap Taiwan](https://www.facebook.com/groups/OpenStreetMap.TW/) Note: You could find me on these channels. Any question?