<!-- Author: [Vincent Lau](https://www.linkedin.com/in/vincent-lau-30435bb6/)
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### Part 0: Prerequisites
### 0.1 Show Hidden Folder
- Go to your user home directory (Finder), type "Shift + command + ." to show all folders & files. You have to verify the installations by visualizing them later.
**[Before]**
**[After]**
able to see all hidden folders & files, which is important for installation & development later on.
### 0.2 Show File Extensions
- Finder -> Settings -> Advanced -> Check **"Show all filename extensions"**
### 0.3 Mac OS Version
- Lots of installation based on ==mac os version 10.1x +==.
:::danger
If your mac is under 10.1x, please raise it to Tutor/TA before starting the installation.
:::
### Part 1: Homebrew
- As a developer using mac, you have to try [Homebrew](https://brew.sh). It makes your life easier.
- Homebrew installs packages to their own directory and then symlinks their files into
```
/usr/local
```
(on macOS Intel).
- Homebrew won’t install files outside its prefix and you can place a Homebrew installation wherever you like.
### 1.0 Open Terminal
- **Command + space**, Type **"Terminal"** in the spotlight search bar.
#### 1.1 Install Homebrew (Follow the steps & complete the setup)
```
# via curl
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
```
- After installation, there will be 2 commands (refer to below screen) required you to execute.
- Add default command to **.zprofile** (.zprofile is a "start-up" script for terminal)
- Result as below (my sample screen)
- For apple chip, it should be in /opt/homebrew/...
- For intel chip, it should be in /usr/local/...
- Type "where brew" and "which brew", it should return the installed location.
```
# commands
which brew
where brew
```
- Type "echo $ PATH". This command is to print out the value stored in the variable $PATH.
```
# commands
echo $PATH
```
#### Result:
- For apple chip, it should be in /opt/homebrew/...
- For intel chip, it should be in /usr/local/...
#### 1.2 Other brew commands
- Execute the following commands to ensure "brew" is up-to-date.
```
# Update brew
brew update
```
```
# List outdated softwares
brew outdated
```
```
# Upgrade softwares
brew upgrade
```
- Install wget
```
brew install wget
```
**[Result]**:
### Part 2: iTerm2
- macOS 10.14 or later
- Alternative for Terminal
- Brings the terminal into the modern age with new & useful features
- Find main features of iTerm2
#### 2.1 Install iTerm2 (by brew)
```
# command to install iterm2
brew install --cask iterm2
```
- Check the app **"iTerm2"** in Finder Application, just like a normal Terminal.
- Keep "iTerm2" in the Dock as you will use it frequently in coming weeks.
#### Result:
### Part 3: ZSH
- [ZSH](https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/Installing-ZSH), called the Z shell, is an extended version of the Bourne Shell (sh)
- It’s based on the same shell as Bash, ZSH has many of the same features, which is easy for everyone to switch over.
#### 3.1 Install ZSH by brew
- Latest mac OS version has built-in zsh already. You may have a check before installation.
```
# Check if you have zsh already:
which zsh
```
**[Result]** If you have zsh installed (expect MacOS should be with zsh bulit-in), the result should be as belows.
:::danger
[Skip this if you have zsh already]
:::
##### Install ZSH & put it
```
brew install zsh
sudo sh -c "echo $(which zsh) >> /etc/shells" # 將 zsh 加入系統的 shell 清單，
需要輸入管理者密碼
```
Zsh installed by homebrew is in
```
/usr/local/bin/zsh
```
built-in zsh should be located in
```
/bin/zsh。
```
Set zsh as default shell:
```
chsh -s $(which zsh)
```
#### [Result Check]
```
zsh --version
```
```
echo $SHELL
```
```
$SHELL --version
```
- Make sure "Character encoding"/ "Report terminal type" are set correctly.
:::info
- iTerm2 -> Preferences -> Profiles -> Terminal
:::
- Font size, select your favourite font size in terminal
#### 3.2 Others
==[Information Only]== In home directory, zsh% files that we may find on the Internet to config.
1. ==.zshrc== : Normally we put personal configurations here, such as shell themes & interaction. The .zshrc file is a shell script that is executed every time a new interactive shell session is started. It is commonly used to configure user-specific settings and aliases for the Zsh shell. This file is specific to each user and resides in their home directory (~/).
2. ==.zprofile== : You created it in the home directory when you installed brew. The .zprofile file is also a shell script, but it is executed only once during the login process when the user logs into the system. It is typically used to set up environment variables and run commands that need to be executed once at the beginning of a login session. This file is specific to each user and resides in their home directory (~/).
### Part 4: VSCode (Visual Studio Code)
#### - You may use VSCode to code your Java & Springboot programs in coming weeks!
- Visual Studio Code is a lightweight but powerful source code editor which runs on your desktop and is available for Windows, macOS and Linux.
- If you have programming background and want to use "IntelliJ IDEA" instead of VSCode, it's fine, just an IDE. But I would still recommend you to try VSCode, and feel how lightweight it is.
### 4.1 Install VSCode from Official Site
- [VScode Download](https://code.visualstudio.com/download) - **Mac OS 10.11 +**
- Be aware of "**apple**" or "**intel**" chip
- After downloading and install it.
- Move to Application.
### 4.2 Install 'code' shell command
- Launch VScode.app, ==**shift+command+p**==, type "install code" to execute the shell command
[Result check] Then, you will find "**code**" is placed in **==/usr/local/bin==**
Next time you want launch the VSCode, just simply type "code ." in terminal (iTerm). **(i.e. There is a space between code and .)**
### 4.3 Extensions
- Explorer / Search / Extensions are common functions in VScode. Put it in the menu bar on the left hand side of VSCode. (right click and select)
- Extensions in VSCode help it become an integrated IDE with powerful functions, like color themes/ syntax management/ icon setting/ text color for different file types. All of those features enable you to code much more easily in VSCode.
You can install all of the extensions below:
- ==Language Support for Java(TM) by Red Hat==
- ==Extension Pack for Java (Install this, the other 4 Java== extensions will be installed automatically)
- ==Maven for Java==
- ==Debugger for Java==
- ==Project Manager for Java==
- ==Test Runner for Java==
- ==Ayu - file/folder logo==
- ==One Dark Pro - themes (One Dark Pro Darker)==
- ==Spring Initializr Java Support==
- ==Spring Boot Tools==
- ==Spring Boot Dashboard==
- ==Lombok Annotations Support for VS Code==
- ==XML==
- ==YAML==
- ==SQL Beautify==
- ==Dependency Analytics==
- ==Markdown Preview Enhanced==
- ==Prettier - Code formatter==
### 4.4 Code Formatter/ settings.json/ key shortcut
### Step 1: VSCode general setting - settings.json
- **In VSCode, press ==shift+command+p==, type "open settings json" and select "Open Settings(JSON)"**.
- Overwrite your settings.json by [settings.json](https://github.com/muecode/laptop-setup/blob/main/vscode/setting/settings.json) in github/muecode.
#### [Result]
### Step 2: VSCode Code Formatter - googlestyle.xml
CodeFormatter helps you auto-format your code to align maven checkstyle/pmd plugin.
- From github laptop-setup, download the [googlestyle.xml](https://github.com/muecode/laptop-setup/blob/main/vscode/code-formatter/java/googlestyle.xml) into the folder **~/.vscode**
- **In VSCode**, ==shift+command+p==, type "open settings json" and select **"Open Settings(JSON)"**.
- As you have downloaded it to ==~/.vscode/googlestyle.xml==, just update this path to java.format.settings.url
- Double Check **"lineSplit"** to 80 and **"comment.line_length"** to 200.
#### Step 3: VSCode keyboard shortcut - keybindings.json
- In **VSCode**, ==shift+command+p==, type **"keyboard shortcuts json"** & select **"Open Keyboard Shortcut(JSON)"**
- You can find the setup file for "Keyboard Shortcuts (JSON)" in github [keybindings.json](https://github.com/muecode/laptop-setup/blob/main/vscode/keyboard-shortcut/keybindings.json)
- Copy the file content to the above keybindings.json file.
These are the shortcuts that you would frequently use:
- ==shift+cmd+f==: Auto format the code
- ==shift+cmd+o== : Organize java Imports, remove unused Imports
- ==shift+cmd+k== : Restart VSCode
#### [Result]
- To let the above configurations take effect, you have to **restart the VSCode (you can just ==shift+cmd+k==)**
### Part 5: Oh-my-zsh
- [Oh-My-Zsh](https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh) is the most popular plugin framework for ZSH, and it comes with many built-in plugins and themes. **You can configure your own terminal with useful information, like text highlight/ font style/ system time/ icon/ git status, etc.**
### 5.1 Install oh-my-zsh
```
# via curl
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
```
- After installing oh-my-zsh, you should find .zshrc in the home directory.
- **[Health Check]** The below lines should be exist in .zrhc file.
```
# Assign value to variable ZSH
export ZSH="$HOME/.oh-my-zsh"
```
```
#...
#...
# Run oh-my-zsh.sh
source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh
```
#### [Result Check]
After installed, you will
```
~/.oh-my-zsh
```
in home directory.
### 5.2 Install New Font & Powerlevel10k
#### Install New Font
#### Install Powerlevel10k
- Support special icon font without installing others plugins.
- Prompt can be personalized with features。
Download powerlevel10k from github.
```
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
```
==Install zsh-autosuggestions & zsh-syntax-highlighting==
```
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
```
```
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
```
- In .zshrc file, you should add this line, and comment out plugins=(git)
```
# Comment out plugins=(git)
plugins=(git)
plugins=(git zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-autosuggestions)
```
### [result check]
It should be placed into ==.oh-my-zsh/custom/themes/powerlevel10k== automatically. Please check it carefully.
#### 5.3 Change theme to powerlevel10k
- Update ==~/.zshrc ZSH_THEME== to powerlevel10k
```
# Comment out ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"
ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"
ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"
```
#### 5.4 Execute .zshrc once again
- After rerun .zshrc, the configuration interface will be shown (Step 4.5)
```
source ~/.zshrc
# alternative command: p10k configure
```
#### 5.5 Your own theme style
Now, you can set up your own favourite style.
- If you see this page, please just type "y" to install the latest version of the "Meslo Nerd Font".
:::danger
- After reinstalling the Meslo NF, if you find the following "diamond" character become messy, please check Step 4.2, make sure the font style in "Setting" of iTerm is still Meslo NF.
:::
- Type "y" if you can see the icon normally:
Your choice here: (My Choice: 2)
- ==Please choose **Unicode** to display those special icons in prompt corrently.==
-
- Your choice: (My Choice 4)
- My Choice 5
My choice 1
- Show current time & time format (My choice: n)
- Prompt 內的分隔符號、末端的形狀
- Your choice here: (My choice 1)
- Your choice here : (My choice 2)
- 如果是分成兩行，可以幫第一行左右 Prompt 加連接線
- 如果是分成兩行，可以為末端設定 Frame 風格，多一個圓弧線條
- 設定兩次指令之間的 Prompt 空間 (My choice 1)
- 會讓 Prompt 看起來更符合閱讀的語意，例如「on」某個 branch、「took」幾秒 (My choice 1)
- Your own choice: (My Choice N)
- Choice 1
- Type "y" and enter.
#### [Result]
- The powerlevel10k configuration file is located in home directory.
- Open it by ==VsCode== and edit it.
- Add additional information in iTerm, such as "ram" & "wifi". For development, it's important to know the available memory and network environment. Save it.
- Uncomment on the "ram" and "wifi" entry.
#### Result
- OS Icon (https://www.nerdfonts.com/cheat-sheet) - You can find your favourite icon from chea-sheet.
- **Uncomment on the line below ~/.p10k.zsh & update the icon.**
### [Result]
- Change Background Color (if you want)
### [Result]
- [Reference Only, you don't have to refer it, if you can setup all the above after the steps] Here are my config files for your reference (If you can't access, please raise it to Tutor/ TA)
- [.zshrc](https://github.com/muecode/laptop-setup/blob/main/zsh/mac/.zshrc)
- [.zprofile](https://github.com/muecode/laptop-setup/blob/main/zsh/mac/.zprofile)
- [.p10k.zsh](https://github.com/muecode/laptop-setup/blob/main/zsh/mac/.p10k.zsh)
### Part 6: JDK
- As a Java developer, you have to download JDK (Java Development Kit) for Java Development. We will further explore JDK/ JRE/ JVM later on. Let's start the installation first.
- For Mac with apple chip M1/ M2, it is recommended to use Azul Zulu OpenJDK, which has better performance in terms of compilation time; for Intel chip, there is no big difference between various JDKs, let's use Zulu.
- Let's use JDK 17 (not 18), which is a LTS version (Long Term Support).
- **If you have installed JDK before, but not version 17, please still proceed this section.**
-
### 6.1 Install Azul Zulu JDK 17
Official - [OpenJDK Azul Zulu Download](https://www.azul.com/downloads/?version=java-17-lts&package=jdk#zulu)
Download and install it (as of 22-Jun, version up to 17.42.19). Follow the steps to complete the installation.
- **Apple chip**, go for **ARM 64-bit**
- **Intel chip**, go for **86 64-bit**
#### [Result check]
- Check the default java_home on Mac
```
echo export "JAVA_HOME=\$(/usr/libexec/java_home)" >> ~/.zshrc
```
```
/usr/libexec/java_home -V
```
- Setup environment variable for JAVA_HOME in ==.zshrc== in Home directory.
```
export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home)
```
#### [result check]
- Check $JAVA_HOME, it should return the installed JDK
```
echo $JAVA_HOME
```
- Check Java Version
```
java --version
```
#### 6.2 ==[Reference Only, Skip it]== Switch installed JDKs
:::danger
- JDK 21 LTS is coming out (Target Sep 2023)
:::
- You can check the zulu version from azul later on.
- You can install more than one JDK (Different JDK version or JDK provider)
You can check all JDKs installed:
```
/usr/libexec/java_home -V
```
**[result check]** Shows Java 11 & Java 17 are installed in different path
Switch to another JDK version by:
```
export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 11) #switch to java 11
export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 17) #switch to java 17
```
### Part 7: Git
- DevOps tool used for source code management.
- Free and open-source version control system used to handle small to very large projects efficiently.
- Tracks changes in the source code, enabling multiple developers to work together on non-linear development.
- ==There is a built-in git installed in Mac OS, apple-git. Not recommend to use it, as sometime git may have bug fix version. To upgrade the git easily, we use brew to install it.==
#### 7.1 Install Git
```
brew install git
```
#### [Result Check]
- "where git" to check what git versions are installed. There are 2 git versions installed below, /usr/bin/git is the apple-git where "/opt/homebrew/..." is the one you installed by brew.
- "which git" to check which git version you are currently using.
```
git --version
```
- If you have more than one git path, check the $PATH, ensure brew path come first.
### 7.2 Create Github account
- As a developer, create a github account to start your journey.
- Create your own [Github Account](https://github.com) [ignore if you have created before].
- Update your github account info (https://hackmd.io/0L9QRERCSWSmeTEiIt4Q3w)
- It is a well known open source repository for sharing idea/ projects among the developers' community. You will find lots of useful projects/materials in github during your life as a developer. Over 80 million developers are using github as of 2022.
- You should store or backup your own projects/ material/ documents by github, so that you can refer to it in the future easily.
- [Vincent's github profile](https://github.com/muecode) - You can follow me (Star my repositories)
## 7.3 Setup SSH key
[Generate ssh key - from github](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent)
1. Open Terminal
2. Generate SSH key (by ed25519)
```
# Type this command to generate ssh key in your laptop ~/.ssh
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"
```
3. ==[Just Enter]== Prompted to "Enter a file in which to save the key," **press Enter**. Accept default location.
```
# Sample
> Enter a file in which to save the key
(/Users/you/.ssh/id_algorithm): [Press enter]
```
4. [Just Enter] At the prompt, ask for a secure passphrase. Suggest to **press "enter" to skip.**
```
# Sample
> Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Type a passphrase]
> Enter same passphrase again: [Type passphrase again]
```
### [Result Check]
## 7.4 Insert ssh key to Github a/c
1. Login your github account
2. Click the icon at the right top corner, Go to **Settings**.
3. Go to **SSH and GPG keys**, and press N**ew SSH key
4. Place the whole content of **==id_ed25519.pub==(public key)** to "Key" section shown below. (By Using ==VsCode==)
5. For title, simply put your email address.
### [Result Check]
After adding the ssh key, you can download the github repository by ==git clone== using ==SSH== (You will use it in later installation part).
## 7.5 Git Config
```
- Execute the following commands in Terminal.
# set your name when using git
git config --global user.name =="your name"==
```
```
# set your email address when using git
git config --global user.email ==your_email@example.com==
```
```
# default branch name when using git (set to main)
git config --global init.defaultBranch main
```
```
# Set pager off for git branch
git config --global pager.branch false
```
```
# set pager off for git diff
git config --global pager.diff false
```
## Part 8: Apache Maven
- Project management and comprehension tool that provides developers a complete build lifecycle framework.
- Development teams can automate the project's "build" infrastructure in almost no time as Maven uses a standard directory layout and a default build lifecycle.
- You will learn and use it when developing a Java & Springboot application.
### 8.1 Install Maven 3
- By brew, you will get the latest stable version automatically, such as 3.8.6
```
brew install maven
```
#### [Result Check]
- Check maven version
- "Java version" should be the current java version
- "Runtime path" should be same as java_home
- Maven home should be in opt/homebrew/.., as you install maven by brew
```
mvn -v
```
- Make sure "/opt/homebrew/..." is set in $PATH (Should be set automatically after installed homebrew, refer to Part 1).
- Maven will look for mvn from $PATH directly. MVN_HOME is **NOT required** to be set in ~/.zshrc.
### Others
#### If append - Unexpected file created - .DS_Store
**[Solution]** Disable the DS_Store file created
```
# solution
defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteNetworkStores true
defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteUSBStores true
```
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