# Useful CMD Commands ### Check Current Directory ```bash # Linux, Mac pwd # Windows chdir ``` ### List Directory ```bash # Linux, Mac ls ls -l # show detailed stats # Windows dir ``` ### Change Directory ```bash # move yourself to your directory cd [your_directory] # eg. move to /home/user/test cd /home/user/test # take advantage of "relative path" # move to parent directory cd .. # Linux: move to root cd / # Linux: move to home cd ~ ``` ### Copy File ```bash # single file cp [your_filename] [your_folder/your_filename] # folder cp -r [your_foldername] [your_another_folder/] # Windows copy [your_file] [your_folder/] ``` ### Move(Rename) File ```bash mv [your_filename] [your_folder/your_filename] # rename file mv [your_old_name] [your_new_name] # Windows move [your_file] [your_folder/] # rename file ren [your_old_name] [your_new_name] ``` ### Create File ```bash touch [new_file] # Windows: not trivial type nul > filename.txt ``` ### Create Directory ```bash mkdir [new_directory] ``` ### Remove Directory ```bash # For empty directory rm [old_directory] rmdir [old_directory] # For nonempty directory (usually) rm -r [old_directory] # Windows del [old_directory] rd /s /q [old_directory] ``` ### SuperUser(Linux, Mac) ```bash sudo [your_command] # For example installing packages sudo apt install gcc ``` ### Clear Terminal screen ```bash clear # Windows cls ``` ### Exit Terminal ```bash exit ``` ### Open VSCode Editor ```bash cd [your_work_directory] code . # alternative code [your_work_directory] ``` --- ## Git ```bash # clone a repo git clone [repo_url] # check status git status # stage add changed file git add [changed_file] # commit changes git commit -m "[your comment]" # push commit to github branch git push origin [your_branch] # check branches git branch # create a new branch git checkout -b [new_branch_name] # switch to existing branch git checkout [branch_name] # delete branch git branch -D [your_branch] # discard changes git checkout -- [your_file] # restore stage add files git restore --staged [your_file] # check commit lineup git log --oneline # reset pushed commits git reset [OPTION] [COMMIT_NAME] [OPTION] --mixed # default, files in the deleted commit will be unstaged --soft # files in the deleted commit will stay staged --hard # files and commit will be discarded [COMMIT_NAME] HEAD # the latest commit HEAD~1 # the second latest commit # 不要亂用 reset!! 除非你已經對github commit的機制很熟悉 ``` ### Notes