馬達

直流有刷馬達

  • 驅動原理

    • 碳刷(brushes)、整流子(commutator)機械式接點來使馬達轉動
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
  • The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
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直流有刷馬達 簡易構造

  • 特色

    • 扭力大且容易控制
  • 應用場景

    • 用於機器人的底盤,帶動輪子轉動

無刷馬達

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無刷馬達

  • 驅動原理

    • 以電晶體等電子元件構成的電子回路形成閉迴路控制
    • 利用永久磁鐵作為轉子,由馬達內的磁氣感知晶片檢測轉子位置,再由驅動電路切換電流方向來使馬達旋轉
影片詳解

無刷馬達原理影片

  • 無刷馬達—霍爾感知器
    由霍爾效應所製作出來的感測器,能用於監測磁場變化
    內部有霍爾感知器搭配電子換向器適時切換電流方向,進而使馬達旋轉
  • 特色

    • 轉速較快
    • 一般配合電變(ESC)使用,使用方式與直流馬達不太相同
  • 應用場景

    • 用於高轉速的地方,如:無人機

步進馬達

  • 驅動原理

    • 切換馬達中不同定子(stator)線圈的電流方向,改變磁場,使磁鐵轉子受到不同相位的磁極相吸,旋轉固定角度
Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
  • The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
  • The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
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步進馬達 簡易構造


影片詳解

步進馬達原理影片

  • 開迴路控制(Open Loop)
    利用系統當前狀態產生控制信號,沒有回授訊號判斷是否已達目標位置
  • 特色

    • 轉矩平穩
    • 響應時間短
    • 精準控制馬達旋轉角度,在定位上有較大優勢
    • Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
      • The image file may be corrupted
      • The server hosting the image is unavailable
      • The image path is incorrect
      • The image format is not supported
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      驅動版容易過熱(如:A4988),通常是電流大小沒調整好
  • 應用場景

    • 用於講求精準度的機構,如機械手臂關節、3D列印機

伺服馬達

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伺服馬達

  • 驅動原理

    • 由內部感測器回授馬達當前位置,並由內部驅動器控制馬達旋轉
影片詳解

伺服馬達原理影片-看到 11:03 就可以了

  • 閉迴路控制(Close loop)
    具有回授信號判斷是否已抵達目標,DIT 使用之伺服馬達多數都是閉迴路控制的
  • 特色

    • 輕量
    • 精確轉到指定角度
    • Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
      • The image file may be corrupted
      • The server hosting the image is unavailable
      • The image path is incorrect
      • The image format is not supported
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      控制時需注意角度初始化以及角度限制之問題
  • 應用場景

    • 用於機械手臂的姿態控制,如手臂上的夾爪

UART伺服馬達

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  • 驅動原理

    • 就是伺服馬達
  • 特色

    • 扭力大
    • 可進行回授
    • 接線只需一條線串聯相接,方便連接
    • 可以使用PWM、UART控制,使用UART
      控制時可串接馬達,並分別控制各個馬達



UART伺服馬達

  • 應用場景

    • 電路複雜時、需要扭力大的任務機構時使用

馬達挑選方式

  • 首先計算馬達所需強度,確認需要的扭矩之後,挑選合適的馬達
  • 強度所需越大,就需越大扭力的馬達。如果挑到不適合的馬達,除了馬力不夠的問題之外,更有可能有燒壞的危險,因此一定要慎選
  • 步進馬達另需注意所需的解析度、步級角、轉矩、轉速、扭矩