Udemy課程：[100 Days Of Code（Dr. Angela Yu）](https://www.udemy.com/course/100-days-of-code/)
# Day 7 - Beginner - Hangman
###### tags: `python` `Udemy` `100 Days Of Code`
2021.02.03（Wed.）~2021.02.05（Fri.）
## ● 前言 / 心得
這次上課一樣分成了兩次來上課，因為希望每個步驟都能靠自己寫出來，即便寫得不是很好，但我覺得像這樣放慢步調，最大的收穫就是印相很深刻，畢竟都是先有在自己的腦海中跑過好幾遍、自己動手寫的。
那其實我覺得Day 7真的不難，基本上都是之前課堂上上過的內容，唯一遇到的問題就是，假如我在前一個challenge，雖然有寫出來也成功執行，但到了下個challenge，卻會因為我寫的方式不好，而很難新增功能（像第4點Challenge 3的部分），也是看了老師的解答，才知道說為甚麼剛剛必須用那麼複雜的方式解。
最後則是import的部分，最後一點中有附上python的import官方文件可以參考。
## ● 上課筆記
## 其他
[有關python陣列（list）的官方文件](https://developers.google.com/edu/python/lists#for-and-in)
## 0.code
[Day-7-Hangman-1-Start](https://repl.it/@tina0915tw/Day-7-Hangman-1-Start#main.py)
[Day-7-Hangman-2-Start](https://repl.it/@tina0915tw/Day-7-Hangman-2-Start#main.py)
[Day-7-Hangman-3-Start](https://repl.it/@tina0915tw/Day-7-Hangman-3-Start#main.py)
[Day-7-Hangman-4-Start](https://repl.it/@tina0915tw/Day-7-Hangman-4-Start#main.py)
[Day-7-Hangman-5-Start](https://repl.it/@tina0915tw/Day-7-Hangman-5-Start#main.py)
## 1.Hangman 遊戲解釋
* [Hangman(game)-Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangman_(game))
* [Hangman 線上玩](https://hangmanwordgame.com/?fca=1&success=0#/)
要做出一個遊戲得先知道他是如何運作的，所以課程一開始的作業便是畫出流程圖。利用[drawio](https://app.diagrams.net/#G1TCVZz9wNoGjeYSbPdbq5vtVAL50h035L)來完成它，這裡直接放上老師畫的：
## 2.Challenge 1：Picking a Random Words and Checking Answers
[Day-7-Hangman-1-Start](https://repl.it/@tina0915tw/Day-7-Hangman-1-Start#main.py)
> 關鍵字：import random / random choice / list ( str ) / lower( ) / for...in...
第一步驟，先試著完成以下內容：「讓電腦隨機從陣列中讀取任一字串（使用者看不到），然後讓使用者輸入去猜一個字母，如果猜對就顯示right，猜錯則顯示wrong。」
* 我的作法：
```python=
#記得用到隨機random要先import random
import random
word_list = ["aardvark", "baboon", "camel"]
# Todo1：從word_list隨機選取一個單字，並將此變數命名為chosen_word
chosen_word = random.choice(word_list)
# Todo2：讓使用者輸入一個字母，並將其轉為小寫，然後將此變數命名為guess
guess = input("Guess a letter : ").lower()
# Todo3：將Todo1中隨機選取的單字，變成陣列
# （因為我們要將那個單字的每個字母抓出來，去一一與使用者的輸入做對照）
letter = list(chosen_word)
# Todo4：用迴圈去抓陣列中每個字母做對照
for i in letter:
if i == guess:
print("Right")
else:
print("Wrong")
```
* 老師作法：
這才發現我多寫了一行，直接把chosen_word下去跑迴圈就好了，我還先把那個單字弄成陣列，根本多此一舉。
```python=
import random
word_list = ["aardvark", "baboon", "camel"]
chosen_word = random.choice(word_list)
guess = input("Guess a letter: ").lower()
for letter in chosen_word:
if letter == guess:
print("Right")
else:
print("Wrong")
```
## 3.Challenge 2：Replacing Blanks with Guesses
[Day-7-Hangman-2-Start](https://repl.it/@tina0915tw/Day-7-Hangman-2-Start#main.py)
> 關鍵字：append( )
接著第二步驟的部分，把底線功能加進去，將對或錯的顯示方式」改成「對的話，把使用者猜對的字母去替代底線」。
* 我的作法：
```python=
import random
word_list = ["aardvark", "baboon", "camel"]
chosen_word = random.choice(word_list)
print(f'Pssst, the solution is {chosen_word}.')
guess = input("Guess a letter: ").lower()
# 先設立一個空的陣列，等著塞東西進去
display = []
for letter in chosen_word:
if letter == guess:
display.append(guess)
else:
display.append("_")
print(display)
```
* 老師作法：
老師的做法有比較複雜些，用了range跑迴圈、還有用length來抓字母的位置。
```python=
import random
word_list = ["aardvark", "baboon", "camel"]
chosen_word = random.choice(word_list)
print(f'Pssst, the solution is {chosen_word}.')
guess = input("Guess a letter: ").lower()
display = []
word_length = len(chosen_word)
for _ in range(word_length):
display += "_"
for position in range(word_length):
letter = chosen_word[position]
if letter == guess:
display[position] = letter
print(display)
```
## 4.Challenge 3：Checking if the Player has Won
[Day-7-Hangman-3-Start](https://repl.it/@tina0915tw/Day-7-Hangman-3-Start#main.py)
> 關鍵字：while loop / [Python 檢視list中是否含有某元素的方法](https://www.itread01.com/article/1530061283.html)（in）
來到第三步驟，要去判斷使用者是否都有填滿，也就是判斷使用者是否贏了。
那到了這關，我才終於知道老師剛剛為甚麼要用len()去做了，因為像我用append的話，每次迴圈後，就會直接在原本陣列後方增加一個新的display陣列，但如果想要使用取代，勢必要知道取代的位置，因此改用len()，就能輕鬆抓取要取代的位置了。
不過知道這點之後，要完成就變得很簡單了！
* 我的作法：
```python=
import random
word_list = ["aardvark", "baboon", "camel"]
chosen_word = random.choice(word_list)
word_length = len(chosen_word)
print(f'Pssst, the solution is {chosen_word}.')
display = []
for _ in range(word_length):
display += "_"
guess = input("Guess a letter: ").lower()
for position in range(word_length):
letter = chosen_word[position]
if letter == guess:
display[position] = letter
print(display)
# 以下為自己寫的部分
while "_" in display:
guess = input("Guess a letter: ").lower()
for position in range(word_length):
letter = chosen_word[position]
if letter == guess:
display[position] = letter
print(display)
print("You win !")
```
* 老師作法：
老師設了一個變數叫end_of_game，，讓它等於True或是False來判斷遊戲是否結束了。
```python=
import random
word_list = ["aardvark", "baboon", "camel"]
chosen_word = random.choice(word_list)
word_length = len(chosen_word)
print(f'Pssst, the solution is {chosen_word}.')
display = []
for _ in range(word_length):
display += "_"
end_of_game = False
while not end_of_game:
guess = input("Guess a letter: ").lower()
for position in range(word_length):
letter = chosen_word[position]
if letter == guess:
display[position] = letter
print(display)
if "_" not in display:
end_of_game = True
print("You win.")
```
## 5.Challenge 4：Keeping Track of the Player's Lives
[Day-7-Hangman-4-Start](https://repl.it/@tina0915tw/Day-7-Hangman-4-Start#main.py)
* 我的作法：
這題跟老師作法差不多，就不多放了。
```python=
import random
stages = ['''
+---+
| |
O |
/|\ |
/ \ |
|
=========
''', '''
+---+
| |
O |
/|\ |
/ |
|
=========
''', '''
+---+
| |
O |
/|\ |
|
|
=========
''', '''
+---+
| |
O |
/| |
|
|
=========''', '''
+---+
| |
O |
| |
|
|
=========
''', '''
+---+
| |
O |
|
|
|
=========
''', '''
+---+
| |
|
|
|
|
=========
''']
end_of_game = False
word_list = ["ardvark", "baboon", "camel"]
chosen_word = random.choice(word_list)
word_length = len(chosen_word)
lives = 6 #先設血條是6
print(f'Pssst, the solution is {chosen_word}.')
display = []
for _ in range(word_length):
display += "_"
while not end_of_game:
guess = input("Guess a letter: ").lower()
for position in range(word_length):
letter = chosen_word[position]
if letter == guess:
display[position] = letter
#當使用者猜得不在隨機選擇的單字中，則讓lives去減掉1
if guess not in chosen_word:
lives -= 1
#當lives減到為0時，則結束遊戲，並顯示為you lose
if lives == 0:
print("You lose.")
end_of_game = True
print(f"{' '.join(display)}")
if "_" not in display:
end_of_game = True
print("You win.")
#印出與lives相應的hangman狀態，圖在stages陣列裡面
print(stages[lives])
```
## 6.Challenge 5：Improving the User Experience
[Day-7-Hangman-5-Start](https://repl.it/@tina0915tw/Day-7-Hangman-5-Start#main.py)
最後的步驟了！
這次有三個檔案，所以就要知道如何[import](https://www.askpython.com/python/python-import-statement)不同的檔案進去。
納因為要改的內容比較雜，所以直接放上老師的作法。
* 老師作法：
```python=
from replit import clear
import random
import hangman_art
import hangman_words
chosen_word = random.choice(hangman_words.word_list)
word_length = len(chosen_word)
end_of_game = False
lives = 6
print(hangman_art.logo)
print(f'Pssst, the solution is {chosen_word}.')
display = []
for _ in range(word_length):
display += "_"
while not end_of_game:
guess = input("Guess a letter: ").lower()
clear()
if guess in display:
print(f"You've already guessed the {guess}.")
for position in range(word_length):
letter = chosen_word[position]
if letter == guess:
display[position] = letter
if guess not in chosen_word:
print(f"You guessed {guess},that's not in the word.You lose a life.")
lives -= 1
if lives == 0:
end_of_game = True
print("You lose.")
print(f"{' '.join(display)}")
if "_" not in display:
end_of_game = True
print("You win.")
print(hangman_art.stages[lives])
```
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