# CFD紀錄 - [name=卓廷典] [TOC] ## 目的 - [x] 1. 展示巡航攻角下飛機整體附近流場(Stream line) - [x] 2. 各部件不同攻角升阻力係數,==計算升阻力與升阻力曲線==,分析機身對整體氣動力造成的影響 - [x] 3. 找出==失速攻角與最大升力係數== - [x] 4. 找到==NP點==,驗證重心是否正確 - [x] 5. 跑整體在不同側滑角下的力矩,計算橫向穩定 ==Cn$_\beta$ 、 Cl$_\beta$== 數值 - [ ] 6. 進行流場分析,比較高攻角下==翼尖與翼根失速情況== - [x] 7. 找到==CP點== ## 基本參數 ### 基本reference vaule * c = 0.277 m * S = 0.422 m * v = 19 m/s ### enclosure * 離地 10000 mm * 左右邊界距離翼尖 5000 mm * 離天花板 5000 mm * 離inlet 1000 mm * 離outlet 10000 mm ### 網格設定: * hex(四邊形)去長,但系統自動判斷在邊角處是否切三角形 * 外圍用`FACE SIZING`,`ELEMENT SIZE` 0.5 m * 內部平整方型平面用`FACE SIZING`,`ELEMENT SIZE` 0.01 m * 規則但非方形面用`EDGE SIZING`,`number of division`,切到大約每0.01 m 一個網格 * 其他未特別mesh ### 其他 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkMjQYlU-l.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJ12mFe8-g.png) 其他都用預設的 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkKkEtgLWl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJvWEYx8Ze.png) ## 零攻角 ### 機身 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1k4eFeUWl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJgrlKx8Wx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1EiZtxUWe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1f-MFg8bl.png) ### 機翼 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJ26ZckU-x.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1CRWq1UZx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyKVMcJUbe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1xaMq1IZe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJYy7qJ8Zl.png) ### 機翼+tail ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkQ-Boy8Wl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJfNHs1L-e.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1qI8jkU-e.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkUtIjJUZl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SyjCLoJLZx.png) ### 整體 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJB1qLlUWl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1BecIlLZe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HygvCIlIbg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkQFPPlLbe.png) ## 巡航攻角(2.85度) :::info cos(5°)=0.998763 sin(5°)=0.049721 ::: ### 整體 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkL1YNMIbx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkNxYVM8Zx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyqPKNMIWl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ry95tEzUbx.png) ### wing ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJqWqBMIWl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJvM5SfUbx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkeGejHGLWg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1gXjHz8bg.png) ## 5度攻角 :::info cos(5°)=0.996 sin(5°)=0.087 ::: ### 整體 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1vT1--IZg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryZ1g-bL-g.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1qUlZW8Zg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1rtgbZL-x.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkNtWWW8-g.png) ### 機身 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sk-EqcbUWg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1Er9qWUZg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkfNsq-UWg.png) ### 機翼 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkjQq3-Lbe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkiV92-8Wg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJNJjnZU-g.png) ### wing+tail ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJWs5bzLWe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1xncbGU-l.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJ2X3XMLbg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryLq2XfLbg.png) ## 失速情況 ### 20° :::info cos(20°)=0.939693 sin(20°)=0.342020 ::: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1zvxaWI-g.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJJOe6b8bx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HksBfT-8bx.png) 翼尖:![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/By1tMab8be.png) 翼根:![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJOcGa-Ube.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyWpfpb8Ze.png) ### 18° :::info cos(18°)=0.951057 sin(18°)=0.309017 ::: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1CP3Z78-g.png) ### 15° :::info cos(15°)=0.965926 sin(15°)=0.258819 ::: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HknLMzXIbl.png) ### 12° :::info cos(12°)=0.978148 sin(12°)=0.207912 ::: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/By0qrf7LWx.png) ### 24° :::info cos(24°)=0.913545 sin(24°)=0.406737 ::: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r18o2MX8-e.png) ### 28° :::info cos(28°)=0.882948 sin(28°)=0.469472 ::: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sku9rIQU-x.png) ### 30° :::info cos(30°)=0.866025 sin(30°)=0.5 ::: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJG8yImUWx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ByDIU8QU-x.png) | | Cl | | -------- | -------- | | 0° | 0.2628 | | 2.85° | 0.4199 | | 5° | 0.5344 | | 12° | 0.8375 | | 15° | 0.9161 | | 18° | 0.9655 | | 20° | 0.9959 | | 24° | 1.0544 | | 28° | 1.0714 | | 30° | 1.0772 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1PeOI78Ze.png) ## 高攻角重跑 ### 整體 20度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1j5u0uL-x.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/By9o_COIZl.png) 15度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJEHu2r8We.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H16Y-EUUWl.png) 10度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkxkXJLLZg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkSVbNLIZe.png) 5度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Skqcwl8LWx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJMoxN8UZl.png) 2.85度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1jFPWLIWe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SypOgEUU-l.png) 0度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hyo_wXUIbl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkcLgEU8Wx.png) | | Cl | Cl$\alpha$ | | -------- | -------- | ----| | 0° | 0.3071 | | | 2.85° | 0.5517 | 4.9174 | | 5° | 0.7253 | 4.6263 | | 10° | 1.2002 | 5.4420 | | 15° | 1.5563 | 4.0806 | | 20° | 1.8169 | ? | ### 機翼 0度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJ4BqNU8Zx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Bkq-j4LL-l.png) 2.85度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJjlNILLZl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJzMVUU8We.png) 5度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r17hQ4PL-e.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJ4pQNwLWg.png) ### 機身 0度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SyOIV4w8-e.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1BwE4DUZg.png) 2.85度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1czOVvLWg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hklc7_VvLbx.png) 5度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Syeh3NvUWg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkET3NDI-l.png) ### wing+tail 0度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1X4s7uLWe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1PSjm_8-x.png) 2.85度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkLLtEdI-l.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJDvFVdU-l.png) 5度 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJ4fRBO8-l.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1mQCH_8We.png) ## 縱向穩定 :::danger 先提醒:我並未修正參考座標系 * YZ座標皆會差一個負號 * 機鼻的X座標為0,機尾的X座標為負 ::: ### 條件一:0°攻角 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/By_pK8Q8-x.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkKe9ImUZl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B18M987Ubg.png) :::success 先進行驗算: * 兩個旋轉點差了0.5 m * 其力矩分別為0.4988 與 0.0244,差值為0.4744 * 升力係數為0.2628 **0.2628(升力係數)\*0.5(力臂)/0.277(弦長) = 0.4744** --- cp點應位於0.5+0.0244*0.277/0.2628=0.5257 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B16hjLmIWl.png) :partying_face: ::: ### 條件二:5°攻角 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1yH687Lbe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJe8T8X8bx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJ4KpLm8Ze.png) ### 求解 0.55167439x+0.14097154=0.30714985x+0.1605209 X=0.0799485=0.022146 m NP點位於0.6707 m ### 驗證 0: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkySCQULbe.png) 2.85: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJgwR7UUZl.png) 5: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1mRC7UIWl.png) :::info 結論: NP點在機鼻往後 0.6707 m 以現有重心12%來說,穩定裕度高達45% avl有更新檔案,NP點在 0.666624 m xflr5的NP點在 0.716994 m ::: ## 橫向穩定 簡單說我們要跑側滑角為+-5的情況,因為三維角度有點難處理,所以我側滑角是跑0攻角情況。 :::info cos(5°)=0.996195 sin(5°)=0.087156 重心:0.6140 m ::: ### -5° cl:![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJAMJY78bl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJeiJKXUZg.png) cn:![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJN41tm8Wx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ByctJYmLZx.png) ### 0° cl:![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyqIlKQUWe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SyRwlt7L-l.png) cn:![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJmclKXU-e.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1GKlt7L-x.png) ### 5° cl:![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hy-dzFQL-l.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryDKzKQUZx.png) cn:![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkOcGtX8bx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryaozFQIZe.png) ## 橫向穩定重跑 ### -5度 cl: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJRcuKPU-l.png) cn: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1EnuKvUWg.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJX6dKD8Wl.png) ### -2度 cl: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sy4Q5qPLbe.png) cn: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkxMc9P8Zl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJES55w8-l.png) | 機鼻 | cl | cn |-|cn$\beta$|cl$\beta$| | | ------ | ------ | ------ |-| ------ | ------ |-| |-5°| 0.082 | -0.123 |-| 1.4095 | -0.9397 |-5°| |-2°| 0.033 | -0.047 |-| 1.3465 | -0.9454 |-2°| |0°| -0.000 | 0.002 |-| | |0°| |2°| -0.032 | 0.050 |-| 1.3751 | -0.9167 |2°| |5°| -0.081 | 0.124 |-| * | * |5°| | 重心 | cl | cn |-|cn$\beta$|cl$\beta$| | | ------ | ------ | ------ |-| ------ | ------ |-| |-5°| 0.082 | -0.049 |-| 0.5615 | -0.9397 |-5°| |-2°| 0.033 | -0.019 |-| 0.5443 | -0.9454 |-2°| |0°| -0.000 | -0.000 |-| | |0°| |2°| -0.032 | 0.020 |-| 0.5730 | -0.9167 |2°| |5°| -0.081 | 0.048 |-| 0.5500 | -0.9282 |5°| 0度 cl: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyYMkbtU-x.png) cn: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SywVk-F8be.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BydSJWFIZl.png) 2度 cl: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1U2JZt8bl.png) cn: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SyKT1bKI-l.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1pQlbFL-e.png) 5度 cl: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJDZ_MKUWg.png) cn: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SytMOMtUZl.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rysmuGKLZe.png) ## 統整 ### 各部件結果 | Cl | 0° | 2.85° | 5° | 15° | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | fuselage | -0.0203 | -0.0110 | -0.0023 | x | | wing | 0.4889 | 0.6997 | 0.8696 | x | | wing+tail | 0.3892 | 0.6005 | 0.8104 | x | | all | 0.3071 | 0.5517 | 0.7254 | 1.5563 | | Cl$_\alpha$ | 0°~2.85° | 2.85°~5° | 0°~5° | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | fuselage | 0.1870 | 0.2318 | 0.2063 | | wing | 4.2379 | 4.5277 | 4.3625 | | wing+tail |4.2479 | 5.5937 | 4.8266 | | all | 4.9174 | 4.6290 | 4.7934 | | Cd | 0° | 2.85° | 5° | 20° | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | fuselage | 0.0177 | 0.0167 | 0.0167 | x | | wing | 0.0346 | 0.0494 | 0.0654 | x | | wing+tail | 0.0384 | 0.0515 | 0.0676 | x | | all | 0.0556 | 0.0671 | 0.0767 | x | | | Cl | Cl$\alpha$ | | -------- | -------- | ----| | 0° | 0.3071 | | | 2.85° | 0.5517 | 4.9174 | | 5° | 0.7253 | 4.6263 | | 10° | 1.2002 | 5.4420 | | 15° | 1.5563 | 4.0806 | ### xflr5 | Cl | 0° | 2.85° | 5° | 14.5° | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | wing | 0.444 | 0.6625| 0.806 | 1.452 | | wing+tail |0.401 | 0.6399 | 0.801 | 1.517 | | all | 0.397 | 0.6410 | 0.802 | 1.526 | | Cl$_\alpha$ | 0°~2.85° | 2.85°~5° | 0°~5° | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | wing | 4.3846 | 3.8242| 3.8961 | | wing+tail |4.8028 | 4.2932 | 4.3183 | | all | 4.9053 | 4.2905| 4.3665 | | Cd | 0° | 2.85° | 5° | 14.5° | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | wing | 0.025 | 0.0370 | 0.049 | 0.137 | | wing+tail | 0.027 | 0.0384 | 0.052 | 0.151 | | all | 0.026 | 0.0383 | 0.051 | 0.153 | ### avl | Cl | 0° | 2.85° | 5° | 14.5° | 20° | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | wing | | | | | | | wing+tail | | | | | | | all | 0.45475 | 0.70309 | 0.88803 | 1.66636 | 2.07718 | | Cl$_\alpha$ | 0° | 2.85° | 5° |14.5° |20° | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | wing | | | | | | | wing+tail | | | | | | | all | 4.452727 | 4.452727 | 4.452727 | 4.452727 | 4.452727 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1lj2ogKIZe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sy-2slFUZl.png) :::success * cfd tail & wing CLA 調到all以下 * body 不要放斜率、cfd wing+tail放平的,其他放兩點 ::: ### 縱向穩定 NP點在 * 機鼻往後 0.6486 m * 翼前緣往後 0.1584 m * 57.2%的位置 以現有重心12%來說,穩定裕度高達45% ### 橫向穩定 ::: spoiler | 機鼻 | cl | cn |-|cn$\beta$|cl$\beta$| | | ------ | ------ | ------ |-| ------ | ------ |-| |-5°| 0.018781 | -0.054211 |-| 0.6108 | -0.2910 |-5°~0°| |0°| -0.006614 | -0.000910 |-| 0.6241 | -0.2756 |-5°~5°| |5°| -0.029328 | 0.054707 |-| 0.6373 | -0.2603 |0°~5°| | 重心 | cl | cn |-|cn$\beta$|cl$\beta$| | | ------ | ------ | ------ |-| ------ | ------ |-| |-5°| 0.018781 | -0.089905 |-| 1.0161 | -0.2910 |-5°~0°| |0°| -0.006614 | -0.001232 |-| 1.0310 | -0.2756 |-5°~5°| |5°| -0.029328 | 0.090045 |-| 1.0460 | -0.2603 |0°~5°| ::: | 機鼻 | cl | cn |-|cn$\beta$|cl$\beta$| | | ------ | ------ | ------ |-| ------ | ------ |-| |-5°| 0.082 | -0.123 |-| 1.4095 | -0.9397 |-5°| |-2°| 0.033 | -0.047 |-| 1.3465 | -0.9454 |-2°| |0°| -0.000 | 0.002 |-| | |0°| |2°| -0.032 | 0.050 |-| 1.3751 | -0.9167 |2°| |5°| * | * |-| * | * |5°| | 重心 | cl | cn |-|cn$\beta$|cl$\beta$| | | ------ | ------ | ------ |-| ------ | ------ |-| |-5°| 0.082 | -0.049 |-| 0.5615 | -0.9397 |-5°| |-2°| 0.033 | -0.019 |-| 0.5443 | -0.9454 |-2°| |0°| -0.000 | -0.000 |-| | |0°| |2°| -0.032 | -0.020 |-| 0.5730 | -0.9167 |2°| |5°| * | * |-| * | * |5°| ### xflr5的橫向穩定 零度攻角 | 機鼻 | cl | cn |-|cn$\beta$|cl$\beta$| | | ------ | ------ | ------ |-| ------ | ------ |-| |-5°| 0.017 | -0.025 |-| 0.3375 | -0.1982 |-5°| |-2°| 0.007 | -0.010 |-| 0.2889 | -0.1939 |-2°| |0°| -0.000 | -0.000 |-| 0.2952 | -0.1964 |0°| |2°| -0.007 | 0.010 |-| 0.2889 | -0.1939 |2°| |5°| -0.017 | 0.025 |-| 0.3375 | -0.1982 |5°| | 重心 | cl | cn |-|cn$\beta$|cl$\beta$| | | ------ | ------ | ------ |-| ------ | ------ |-| |-5°| 0.003 | -0.014 |-| 0.1820 | -0.0300 |-5°| |-2°| 0.001 | -0.006 |-| 0.1532 | -0.0223 |-2°| |0°| -0.000 | -0.000 |-| 0.1566 | -0.0245 |0°| |2°| -0.001 | 0.006 |-| 0.1532 | -0.0223 |2°| |5°| -0.003 | 0.014 |-| 0.1820 | -0.0300 |5°| ### avl的橫向穩定 零度攻角 | 機鼻 | cl | cn |-|cn$\beta$|cl$\beta$| | | ------ | ------ | ------ |-| ------ | ------ |-| |-5°| | -0.025 |-| 0.3375 | -0.1982 |-5°| |-2°| | -0.010 |-| 0.2889 | -0.1939 |-2°| |0°| | -0.000 |-| 0.2952 | -0.1964 |0°| |2°| | 0.010 |-| 0.2889 | -0.1939 |2°| |5°| | 0.025 |-| 0.3375 | -0.1982 |5°| | 重心 | cl | cn |-|cn$\beta$|cl$\beta$| Neutral point | | ------ | ------ | ------ |-| ------ | ------ |-| |-5°| 0.00743 | 0.00142 |-| -0.016107 | -0.084318 | 0.051380 | |-2°| 0.00299 | 0.00057 |-| -0.016315 | -0.085411 | 0.051390 | |0°| 0.000 | -0.000 |-| -0.016355 | -0.085619 | 0.051392 | |2°| -0.00299 | -0.00057 |-| -0.016315 | -0.085411 | 0.051390 | |5°| -0.00743 | -0.00142 |-| -0.016107 | -0.084318 | 0.051380 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Byy-jxU8Wx.png) ## 總結 1. 要達到最大起飛重量巡航攻角必須大於5度 2. 升力斜率偏小,僅3.1左右,遠低於常規的4.2左右 3. 可以明顯看到翼尖比翼根不容易失速 4. 機身產生的升力為負,且升力斜率不如想像的大,高攻角下無法提供足夠升力 ## 存些圖 :::info v color bar : 10~25 p color bar : +-200 ::: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/By9QP7_UZe.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1zaDmuU-e.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ByVRvQd8-g.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ByU3umdUbx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJCAuQdIWx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJreqQdLWx.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkHZ9mO8Zx.png)